Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 131 cases for peri-ampullar carcinoma between 1957~1993. Early operative complications occurred in 61 cases, the incidence was 46.5%. 13 cases died with a mortality of 9.9%. This article discussed the prevention of three major complications namely pancreatic fistula, biliary fistula and massive bleeding.The key means in the prevention of pancreatic fistula included isolating the stump completely, minimizing the tension of anastomtic sterna,accurate suturing of the layers of anastomosis, inserting drainage in the pancreatic duct routinely and placing the anastomotic sites of choledochojejunostomy and pancreatoje-junostomy in a distance of 10 centimeters. In case pancreatic fistula occurred, drainage is very important and TPN could improve its cure rate. To prevent bile leakage, tube strut and drainage should always be used.In choledochojejunostomy, to prevent massive bleeding and shock, careful hemostasis in operation and reduction in the quantity of bank blood transfusion are important measures. Child's reconstruction of the alimentary tract is the procedure of choice.

Callstone section is a very important method in histochemical study of gallstones. The way of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) on the polyvinyl alchol-paraffin embedded a series gallstone section can be used to identify the variation of compositions in different sections of gallstones,and provides a new simple method to study directly the mechanism of the gallstone formation.

We randomly selected gallstone samples from 100 cases treated in our hospital, and observed the centers of the gallstones using the method of dissolving the centers of gallstone and staining ther smears. We found that 20 per cent of the gallstones in which the centers contain the ascarid ova(including one ease of larva); among the positive results the gallstones of gallbladder were 20.31% percent (13/64), of the common bile duct 19.44% percent (7/36).

Objective　To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on tumor angiogenesis, and its usage in tumor therapy. Methods　The recent literatures about VEGF and angiogenesis were reviewed and analyzed. The advances of VEGF study were summarized. The effects of anti-angiogenesis in tumor biological therapy were introduced.Results　Angiogenesis had been identified as an important factor for promoting tumor growth. VEGF was a basic and pivotal factor in tumor angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenesis treatments aimed at VEGF, including the applications of VEGF inhibitor and gene therapy of adenovirus medium, had got great progress. Conclusion　 VEGF is a leading factor of tumor angiogenesis, the anti-angiogenesis therapy aimed at VEGF has probably provided a new chance to malignant tumor treatment.

Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder(PCG) is the most common malignant tumor in biliary system and its morbility has been rising year by year in our country.Because there is no specific clinical manifestation,patients diagnosed finally as PCG have mostly been in intermediate or advanced stage,thus losing the chance of radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma and having a poor prognosis.In this article we analyze the high risk factors,diagnosis of imageology,study of molecular biology,therapeutic progression and existent problems about PCG,by reviewing the related literature about diagnosis and treatment of PCG and the clinical data of 945 patients with PCG who were treated in our hospital in recent fifty years.We realize that early diagnosis of PCG is still difficult nowadays,it is very significant for secondary prevention of PCG to continue to carry out the foundamental and clinical study of PCG.Combined therapy that mainly includes surgical operation remains cardinal therapeutic management,and gene therapy has gradually developed to become a new therapy and displays favourable prospect of application.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction(SOD) is grouped under the functional gastrointestinal diseases.Due to lack of typical symptoms and signs,the diagnosis of SOD is difficult.The proposal to classify SOD significantly improves diagnosis and has important clinical significance in selecting treatment.This paper reviews the researches on classification,recent progress in diagnosis and treatment of SOD.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with bile duct carcinoma after resection. Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with bile duct carcinoma receiving resection in our hospital from 1980 to 2004 were collected retrospectively and clinicopathologic factors that might influence survival were analysed. A multiple factor analysis was performed through Cox proportional hazard model. Results The overall 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 71.7%, 32.5% and 19.2% respectively. The single factor analysis showed that the major significant factors influencing survival of these patients were histological type of the lesions, lymph node metastasis, pancreatic infiltration, duodenal infiltration, resected surgical margin, perineural infiltration, peripheral vascular infiltration and depth of tumor infiltration (P

Objective To evaluate the advances in minimally invasive surgery treatment for hepatolithiasis. Methods Literatures about the advances in minimally invasive surgery treatment for hepatolithiasis were collected and reviewed. Results Hepatectomy and bile duct exploration using laparoscopy can get better effect. Fibrocholedochoscopy play an important role in the course of operation and after operation for hepatolithiasis. Conclusion The individualization treatment program should be used for hepatolithiasis. Association application of multipathway minimally invasive operation, such as laparoscopy, fibrocholedochoscopy and so on, can increase the cure rate of hepatolithiasis.

In this article the prophylactic effects of the compound injection of tanshinone to panereatic tissues in the experimental white rats with acute pancreatitis was reported. The compound injection of tanshinone could retard the degrec of pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis of the experimental white rats. It could also reduce the fatality rate of the animal, The value of serum superoxide dismutase in tanshinone protected group were significantly low or than that of nonprotected group The result suggested that the compound injection tanshinone might minimize the pathological change degrees of the panereatie tissue by means of improving microcirculation of the pancreatic tissues, enhencing the tolerence of the pancrease to anoxia, reducing generation of the free redical.

64 cases of gallstone pancreatitis were treatedin our hospital in recent eight years. Early biliaryoperations were performed in 36 cases and good re-sults were got. Gallstone pancreatitis has the char-acteristics of cholelithiasis, the temporary damageof liver and the manifestations of pancreatitis, aswell. The purpose of the paper is to analyse anddiscuss diagnostic methods and treatment of gall-stone pancreatitis. It is important to perform theexaminations of ultrasound scanning and liverfunction in differential diagnoses. The necessity ofoperation is emphasized. It is also proposed thatbiliary operation be performed early as soon as theinflammation of pancreas is controlled effectively.