Medical ethics is a set of behavioural principles which regularized medical workers' relationships to patients and society and that between themselves under social ethics and the development of medical science.It is an essential constituent of the social ethical system and plays an important role in medical activity.By studying the current situation of the ethics-oriented education on medical students,the author re-analyzed the current state of medical ethics and proposed some creative and feasible methods on improving the quality of medical ethics of the students.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of distal subclavian artery flow velocity tracing for proximal segment severe stenosis.Methods 56 cases with 112 subclavian arteries were examed by ultrasonography and multidetector CT angiography respectively,then the flow velocity tracing of distal subclavian arteries had been compared with CT results.Results In all 112 subclavian arteries,there were 37without proximal segment stenosis,32 with mild stenosis,12 with moderate stenosis,and 31 with severe stenosis.Innominate arteries and other parts of subclavian arteries had no stenosis.In diagnosis of subclavian artery proximal severe stenosis using single phase single peak waveform,the sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio were 83.9 ％,96.3 ％,22.7,0.063 respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio were 100 ％,93.8 ％,16.1,0 respectively,in terms of diagnosis by application of acceleration time ≥0.11s.Conclusions The statistics of acceleration time ≥0.11 s and single phase single peak waveform have high application value in diagnosis of subclavian artery severe stenosis respectively.

BACKGROUND: In the tissue engineering studies, the common method of cell detachment is trypsinization. However, this method may decrease cell activity by breaking the extracellular matrix proteins. Therefore, it is important to develop a new cell detachment method which can avoid the damage from trypsinization.OBJECTIVE: Based on that poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) could alter its hydrophobic property with the change of temperature, this study aimed to develop a novel method which can control cell detachment by simply changing the temperature. METHODS: IPAAm was dissolved in isopropanol with final concentration of 55% (w/v). IPAAm solution was evenly laid on the surface of TCPS dish, and PNiPAAm was then covalently grafted on the TCPS dish surface by electron beam irradiation. The micro.structure of the surface of TCPS dish was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) before and after PNIPAAm grafted. Water contact angle was determined by sessile drop method. And an inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe and evaluate the cell detachment ability of PNIPAAm grafted TCPS dish by subjecting the same dish to different temperatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: AFM images showed that a thin and compact PNIPAAm layer formed on the TCPS dish surface. In the water contact angle test, there was no statistic difference between PNIPAAm grafted and ungrafted surfaces at 37 ℃, and the water contact angle of PNIPAAm grafted surfaces was lower than that of ungrafted surface at 20 ℃. The cells adhered to the surface of the PNIPAArn grafted TCPS dish at 37 ℃, which would be detached at 20 ℃.It was successful to control cell detachment by simply changing the temperature with PNIPAAm grafted TCPS dish, and it would be promising to be applied in tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the effects of Topiramate(TPM) on activity of SOD and concentration of MDA in blood serum and the changes of the nerve function scores after cerebral ischemia/perfusion in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ischemia/perfusion group, TPM group and sham-operation group. Rat models of transient focal cerebral ischemia were made by 2 h occlusion of right middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion for 24 h.Rats in TPM group were injected TPM(8 mg/ml,80 mg/kg)in the beginning of the artery occlusion and the reperfusion. The rats were sacrificed after they were evaluated by the nerve function deficiency scores. The activity of SOD and concentration of MDA in blood serum were measured.Results The activity of SOD and concentration of MDA in blood serum in ischemia/perfusion group were (157.72?19.04)U/ml and (7.45?0.84 )nmol/ml, those in TPM group were ( 171.25?15.72)U/ml and (( 6.10?0.98) nmol/ml,those in sham-operation group were (179.74?7.95)U/ml and (5.90?0.72 )nmol/ml. Compaired with sham-operation and TPM groups, the activity of SOD in ischemia/perfusion group was significantly lower, the concentration of MDA was obviously higher (all P

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Topiramate (TPM) on rat brain with ischemia-reperfusion damage and its mechanisms.Methods The 30 male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham operated group, ischemia-reperfusion group and TPM treated group.The cerebral ischamia and reperfusion model was made by suture occlusion of right middle cerebral artery(MCAO).Rats in TPM treated group were intraperitoneally injected TPM (80 mg/kg) twice. At 24 h following onset of MCAO,the nerve function score was evaluated with Neurological Grading Scale. The infarction volume was measured with TTC staining. The contents of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) of cerebral cortex were tested by the high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. GABAA receptors were observed by immunohistochemistry.Results (1) Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group, the Neurological Grading Scale of TPM treated group was significantly higher(P

ts The presence of +276G allele was significantly higher in the study group as compared with the control group.Conclusion Subjects with the +276G variant alleles may have a greater risk for weight gain after antipsychotic treatment.

Objective To investigate the correlation between shear wave velocity and tissue fibrosis score in thyroid space-occupying lesions.Methods The shear wave velocity of 55 thyroid space-occupying lesions was examined by virtual touch tissue quantification.The shear wave velocity of different solid parts of the lesions was detected for several times and 15 data were genarated.Then maximum and minimum value were removed.The maximum (Vmax),minimum (Vmin),mean (Vm) of shear wave velocity were calculated with the rest of 13 data.Meantime the fibrosis degree of these pathological lesions were scored by using optical micorscope.The maximum (Fmax),minimum (Fmin) and mean (Fm) fibrosis degree were calculated with these scores.Then the difference between Fmax,Fmin and Fm value of benign lesions and malignant lesions was analyzed.The linear correlation between Fmax and Vmax,Fmin and Vmin,Fm and Vm was also analysed.Results In the 55 lesions,30 lesions were benign and the rest was malignant.The Fmax,Fmin,Fm of benign lesions were 1.38 ± 1.44,0.68 ± 0.25,0.91 ± 0.73 respectively; the corresponding value of malignant lesions were 5.00 ± 1.91,3.52 ± 1.82,4.08 ± 1.75 respectively.There was significant difference between the benign group and malignant group (t test,P ＜0.01).There were linear correlation between Fmax and Vmax,Fmin and Vmin,Fm and Vm and the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.504,0.284,0.453 respectively.Conclusions The shear wave velocity and fibrosis degree of thyroid lesions has linear relationship.The heavier the degree of fibrosis is,the faster the shear wave velocity would be.

BACKGROUND: The study on the candidate gene of schizophrenia was one of the major ways of exploring its etiology. One of important candidate genes associated with schizophrenia is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(BDNF)OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between schizophrenia and C270T polymorphism of BDNF gene.DESIGN: Case-control and comparative observation SETTING: Institute of Mental Health of Central South University PARTICIPANTS: Totally 194 patients with schizophrenia, including 95 males and 99 females aged from 15 to 59 years, hospitalized in man and women wards in the Institute of Mental Health, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from March to October 2003 were set as patients group. Controls were selected among the healthy volunteers of Xiangya Medical College was included in terms of age and gender comparable with patients group. Altogether 187 cases of controls, of whom 88 males and 99 females were studied. Their age ranged from 18 to 42 years old with the average of (26±7) years old.Those with psychosies and severe somatopathy were excluded. The patients and their family member have no history of psychosis .All the subjects were of Hunan Han nationality. Either the patient or his or her family members signed the written consent form. Individuals in the control group also signed the written consent form.positive symptom scale (PANSS-P) (7 items), negative symptom scale (PANSS-N) (7 items) and General Symptom Scale (PANSS-G) (16 items),altogether 30 items, as well as 3 additional items to evaluate the attack fatalness were used to evaluate whether the psychic symptom existed or not and the degree of severity of each symptom(7-item scoring: 1 was without,7 was very severe) . The patients were evaluated on the day of hospitalizing was used to compare the frequency among groups.polymorphism of BDNF gene between patients group and healthy control RESULTS: Totally 194 patients with schizophrenia and 187 healthy genotype (26.8%) in patients was much higher than that of the healthy controls (5.9%) (x2=32.71, df=1, P ＜ 0.01).The distribution frequency of T allele in patients' group (14.4%) was much higher than that in the scores, PANSS-P, PANSS-N and PANSS-G scores in patients with the genotype of C/T were 59-121 ;9-42( average 20.08±6.16);8-41 (average 19.02±9.13);22-68 (average 36±8.02)respectively. And the total PANSS scores, PANSS-P, PANSS-N and PANSS-G scores in patients with the genotype of C/C were 58-121 ;7-39, (average 19.2±5.88);8-40scores, (average19.02 ±8.98); 22 -68 (average36.4 ±8.32)respectively.There were no significant differences in positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS)items as well as PANSS-G between the patients with C/C and C/T genotype(P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: BDNF gene C270T polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility of schizophrenia. The distribution frequency of T/C genotype and T allele in schizophreniac was significantly higher than those of the normal healthy controls. And no significant difference was obtained between patients with the genotype of T/C or C/C in terms of negative,positive symptoms and psychosocial function as well.

Objective To explore the relationships between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene G196A polymorphisms and psychopathology and the cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.Methods 224 patients and 220 normal controls were examined with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining to determine genotype and allele of G196A.Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).Cognitive function was assessed with Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and Trail Making Test(CPT).To analyse the differences of the scores of Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) among the patients with the genotype G/G,G/A and A/A.At the same time,the differences of the performance of WCST and CPT were analyzed.Results ①There were no significant differences of the genotypes G/G,G/A and A/A and allele G and A between patients and controls.②There were significant differences of the genotypes A/A between patients with Positive Symptoms and patients with Negative Symptoms (x2 =4.558,P ＜ 0.05).③There were no significant differences in the performances of complete categorizations and persistent wrong numbers of WCST and the performances of CPT among three groups of patients with genotype G/G,G/A and A/A (One-Way ANOVA,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BDNF gene G196A polymorphisms are not associated with schizophrenia and the cognitive function but are associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Objective:To measure the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) activation and its mRNA expression in the PBMC,and to analyze the interaction between NF-?B activation and IL-1?,IL-6,TNF-? mRNA expression for exploration the role of NF-?B in production of cytokine in schizophrenia.Methods:Transcription Factor Assay Kits were used to measure NF-?B activation.RT-PCR technique was perftormed to analyze semiquantitatively NF-?B,IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? mRNA expression in the PBMC in both schizophrenia and control group.Results:NF-?B activation and its mRNA expression in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than in the control group(P0.05).IL-1?,IL-6 and TNF-? mRNA expressions in the PBMCs from the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those from the control subjects(P0.05).Conclusion:It is of significance to measure NF-?B activation in evaluating the regulation function of NF-?B.Activated NF-?B plays an important role in mediating the expression of IL-1? and TNF-? gene in schizophrenia.