Culture is an important aspect in the main contents of bioethics.The localization of bioethics and culture are very inseparable.By studying the relationship between bioethics and culture,the author analyzed the difficulties in the development of the localization of bioethics in Chinese diversified cultural context,and proposed some ideas and recommendations on improving the localization of bioethics in China from a cultural perspective.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of oxycodone on postoperative pain and stress response in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods Sixty patients scheduled for gynecological laparoscopy,aging from 18 to 50 years old,of ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were included and randomized into three groups:control group (group C),low dose of oxycodone group (group L),high dose of oxycodone group (group H),20 cases in each group.Pa-tients in group L,H received 0.05,0.1 mg/kg oxycodone respectively while paitents in group C re-ceived saline 5 ml 1 5 min before the end of the surgery.Visual analogue scale(VAS)pain score and RASS score were measured on 1,6,12 and 24 h postoperatively.Glucose and serum cortisol were also measured before the operation and on time points of 6,12 and 24 h after the operation.Adverse effects were recorded too.Results Compared with group C,VAS were significantly lower in group L and H within 1 hour postoperatively.(P <0.05).VAS was significantly lower in group H than that in group C and L at 6 h postoperatively (P <0.05 ).The RASS scores of group L and H were significantly lower than those in group C (P <0.05)at 1 h postoperatively.Blood glucose and serum cortisol of group L and H increased at 6,12 and 24 h after operation (P <0.05).Compared with group C,blood glucose and serum cortisol were significantly lower in group L and group H at 6,12 h after operation (P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in each group. Conclusion Oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg injected before the end of gynecological laparoscopic surgery could effectively relieve postoperative pain with less adverse reactions,and decrease postoperation stress re-sponse.

Objective To develop an apoptosis model of nucleus pulposus cells in cell culture.Methods To mimic the nutrient-deficient microenvironment of degenerative intervertebral disc,nucleus pulposus cells derived from infant SD rat disc were cultured under serum limiting conditions.Nucleus pulposus cells were cultured in culture medium contai-ning 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%and 10%fetal bovine serum( FBS) respectively to select the optimum FBA concentration.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blot,cell counting kit, and immunofluorescence technique.Results The flow cy-tometry revealed that apoptosis rate of the nucleus pulposus cells increased with decreasing concentration of FBS, and 3%FBS used in the experimental group was the most effective concentration to induce apoptosis(P<0.05).Western blot dem-onstrated significantly higher expression of Bax and caspase-3 enzyme in the 3%FBS group than in the 10%FBS group, while bcl-2 activity decreased.The results of CCK-8 test indicated that the nucleus pulposus cells got slower proliferation in the medium containing 3%FBS.Immunofluoresence analysis showed that FAS expression was significantly higher in the 3%FBS group than in the 10%FBS group.Conclusions 3%FBS condition may induce apoptosis in the nucleus pulposus cells and compromise the cell function to induce intervertebral disc degeneration.The caspase family should be involved in the process.

Objective To explore the effect of caspase-9 inhibitor on low fetal bovine serum ( FBS)-induced apop-tosis in cartilage endplate chondrocytes in SD rat vertebrae.Methods Disc cartilage endplates were obtained from 3-month old SD rats and subjected to sequential digestion to harvest chondrocytes for primary culture, and apoptosis was in-duced by 1%FBS for 48 hours.Three groups of chondrocytes were treated by 1% FBS, caspase-9 inhibitor ( Z-LEHD-FMK) and DMSO, respectively.After 48 hours, apoptosis was detected by DAPI staining and flow cytometry.The expres-sion of procaspase-9, active caspase-9 and active caspase-3 was monitored by Western blot.Results Compared with the 1%FBS group (40.8 ±0.84)%and DMSO group (40.2 ±1.56)%, the apoptosis rate of the caspase-9 inhibitor group (26.3 ±2.56)% was significantly lower (P<0.05).The expressions of active caspase-9 and active caspase-3 in the caspase-9 inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Caspase-9 inhibitor can inhibit low FBS-induced apoptosis in cartilage endplate chondrocytes of rat vertebrae, and might become a new drug for the treatment of disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that chitosan can promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury and methylprednisolone can improve the microenvironment around nerve injuries, which are commonly used in clinical treatment of acute central nervous system injury.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of modified chitosan and methylprednisolone combination on repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats.
METHODS:The rat sciatic nerve was transected and microscopical y anastomosed immediately. Then, modified chitosan, methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone+modified chitosan, and saline were injected respectively around the anastomosis site, compared with the sham surgery group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with other groups, the combination group showed shorter claw extending reflex recovery time (P<0.05). Significant differences were found between the combination group and other groups in nerve conduction velocity, the remnant rate of gastrocnemius wet weight, the diameter and section area of gastrocnemius cells (P<0.05). The nerve fibers through the anastomotic site were significantly increased, with consistent thickness and arrangement and less neurodegeneration when observed 12 weeks after operation. In conclusion, the modified chitosan combined with methylprednisolone could significantly promote the sciatic nerve repair.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the pattern of antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance tendency in our hospital.METHODS The use of antibiotics was evaluated by calculating DDDs;the bacteria were isolated and identified,and the susceptibility was tested by using microdilution method.Ten species of the most common bacteria,such as Staphylocccus aureus,and their antibiotic resistance tendency in two years were evaluated.RESULTS The average antibiotics days were 11.6 in two years.Ten species with 8967 strains were isolated in which 57.70% bacteria were Gram-negative.The rate of extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) of Enterobacteriacae was 31.18%.42.3% Bacteria were Gram-positive,the isolation rate of MRSA was up to 76% and 56.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The total cost of antibiotics remains at a high level.The ESBLs is still the major problem in gram negative germ.Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus has been discovered.It is urgent to conduct epidemiological investigation and to take appropriate measures to control bacterial resistance and antibiotics usage.

Objectives:The screening examination of bladder cancer by detecting urinary survivin and the survivin expression in bladder cancer were evaluated. Methods:Urinary survivin was detected by ELISA and survivn expression of tumor tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry.(Results):There was significant difference in urinary survivin between the groups of treatment and control((P

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of thermal electroacupuncture therapy in treating lumbodorsal myofascitis. Method Sixty-two patients with lumbodorsal myofascitis were randomized into a treatment group of 30 cases and a control group of 32 cases. The treatment group was intervened by thermal electroacupuncture therapy, while the control group was by orally taking Meloxicam tablets. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacies were compared.Result The total effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group versus 78.1% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS scores were significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Thermal electroacupuncture therapy is an effective approach in treating lumbodorsal myofascitis.

Objective:To reveal the action mechanism and efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) plus external application of Wei Ling Xian (Radix Clematidis) extract in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA), for providing theoretical evidence and novel plan for the treatment of KOA.Methods:Totally 284 inpatients were divided into an EA group and an observation group by the random number table, 142 cases in each group. The EA group was intervened by EA, ultrashort waves, and oral administration of Glucosamine Hydrochloride capsules; while the observation group was by external application of Wei Ling Xian (Radix Clematidis) extract at topical area in addition to the treatment given to the EA group. The intervention lasted 14 d in both groups. X-ray examination of knee joint was ordered before and after treatment, as well as the detection of positive expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in cartilage of knee joint, hyaluronic acid (HA) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the inflammatory effusion; the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were adopted to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results:In the observation group, the X-ray examination result of knee joint was significantly improved, the positive expressions of MMP-1 and IL-1β content were significantly decreased, the level of HA was increased, WOMAC and VAS scores dropped, and the total effective rate was 91.5%, which were significantly different from those in the EA group (P<0.05).Conclusion:EA plus external application of Wei Ling Xian (Radix Clematidis) extract can produce a more significant efficacy in treating KOA compared to ordinary EA treatment.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) capped quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and coated with 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 9-D-arginine (9R). The optical properties, morphology and structure of 9R/DG-coated CdTe QDs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, fluorescence spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transmission electron micrographs (TEM). Furthermore, the biocompatibility, tumor targeted ability and transmembrane action of 9R/DG-coated CdTe QDs were studied. Results indicated that 9R/DG-coated CdTe QDs was constructed successfully by ligand exchange. The 9R/DG-coated CdTe QDs with the size of 8-10 nm had good dispersity and the absorbance and fluorescence peaks of CdTe QDs after modification were red shifted from 480 nm to 510 nm and 627 nm to 659 nm, respectively. In addition, the CdTe QDs modified by PEG, DG and 9R displayed good biocompatibility, high targeted ability to the cancer cells with glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) receptor high expression and obvious transmembrane ability.