ObjectiveTo study the feasibility of no preoperative mechanical bowel preparation for the colon cancer resection.MethodsSixty-eight patients with colon cancer were divided by random digits table method into observation group and control group with 34 cases each.Patients in observation group were treated without mechanical bowel preparation,while control group received polyethylene glycol electrolyte received bowel preparation.The preoperative symptoms,water and electrolyte disturbance,intraoperative intestinal cleaning,recovery time of intestinal sound and the first exhaust time of two groups were observed.ResultsThe overall adverse reaction incidence of abdominal distension,abdominal pain,nausea,vomit,hunger,powerless and collapse in observation group[20.6％(7/34)] was significantly lower than that in control group [ 52.9％( 18/34 ) ] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidence of water and electrolyte disturbance in observation group was 5.9％ (2/34),which had no significant difference compared with that in control group [11.8％(4/34)](P＞0.05).The case numbers of patients with intestinal cleaning grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ in observation group were 0,16,18,0 case,respectively,which were significantly less than those in control group[ 18,12,4,0 case] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidence of postoperative intestinal inflation,recovery time of intestinal sound and first exhaust time in observation group [ 11.8％(4/34 ),(61.2 ± 5.6) h,(74.0 ± 7.5 ) h ]were significantly lower or shorter than those in control group [ 32.4％ ( 11/34),(72.1 ± 5.8 ) h,(87.0 ± 9.5 )h](P＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Mechanical bowel preparation before colon cancer surgery can be cancelled.

Objective To observe the influence of chitosan on the skin and soft tissue expansion.Methods Twenty-five patients were selected,who were suitable to be embedded soft tissue expanders in the face,a 100-milliliter expander was implanted in one side of the face,and other side was used as control.A 100-milliliter expander was implanted in each group,and a slender silicon duct was embedded between the expander and subcutaneous tissue in the experimental group.About five to seven days after the operation,the negative drainage tube was removed,and then two-milliliter medical chitosan injected with the silicon duct in the experimental group,but not in the control group.Two groups were injected with normal saline in the second day.The center of expanded skin was pressed and skin elasticity and relaxation were compared between the two groups during the injection interval.The time of injection interval,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders after two weeks and three weeks and the total time of expansion to 100 milliliters were recorded.After injection was completed in the two groups and maintained for two weeks.In the stage Ⅱ operation,the expanders were taken out,1 cm × 1 cm fibropeplos was removed from the center of the expanded skin flap from the two groups,and pathological section was prepared to measure the thickness of fibropeplos,average gray scale of collagen and the quantity of blood capillaries.The fibroblasts,collagen fiber and capillaries were observed and compared under light microscope.A matched-pairs t analysis was used to analyze the data.Results Compared with the control group,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders in the experimental group was increased at the same time; the water injection period was shorten and tissue expansion was significantly accelerated.The number of fibroblasts in the fibropeplos decreased with the influence of chitosan.The fibroblasts were restrained to mature period and collegan decreased.The fibropeplos became thinner but the capillaries were not affected.Conclusions Chitoson can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen production,and the effect of accelerating tissue expansion is significant and deserves to be recommended.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical significance of vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A) and microvessel density (MVD).

METHODSTumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissue (distance to cancer >5 cm) from 60 colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2013 to November 2013 were included in this study. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were observed by Western blot. Correlation among parameters was examined.

RESULTSVasohibin-1 expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and endothelial cells. VEGF-A expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells. The expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD in colorectal tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues [43.3% (26/60) vs. 16.7% (10/60), 51.7%(31/60) vs. 18.3% (11/60), (39.67 ± 16.80)/mm² vs. (17.85 ± 6.43)/mm², all P<0.05]. Higher vasohibin-1 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis (P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGF-A and MVD (r=0.378, 0.628, all P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A mRNA expressions and protein expressions in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly higher as compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. Vasohibin-1 expression is positively correlated to VEGF-A and MVD, and associated to TNM stage and metastasis. Positive vasohibin-1 expression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Cell Cycle Proteins ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The incidence of colorectal cancer is high threatening human health. About 60％～70％cases of CRC are derived from colorectal polyps, which can be treated by endoscopic electrotomy to prevent the possibility of canceration. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of CRC, the role of screening is of great significance. CRC screening methods include the most commonly used fecal occult blood test ( FOBT ) and the more sensitive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), cost-effective fiber sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, CT colonoscopy (CTC), and fecal DNA testing and immature CRC hematology screening. In this paper, the CRC screening technologies were reviewed, including the principles, characteristics and the latest research progress to provide a theoretical basis for the application and development of CRC screening technology.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 in colorectal tumors.Methods:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence immuno assay (ECLIA) were used to determine the serum TK1 levels and serum CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3, CA72-4 levels in 124 patients with colorectal cancer, 52 patients with colorectal precancerous lesions, 154 patients with benign colorectal lesions, and 106 health subjects. The relationship between serum TK1 and its clinicopathological characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of TK1, CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 alone and combined detection for colorectal cancer was investigated.Results:The serum expression level of TK1 in patients with colorectal cancer was related to tumor stage, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and age (all P<0.05), but not related to the patient's gender ( P>0.05). The serum TK1 level decreased sequentially in colorectal cancer patients, precancerous lesions patients, benign lesions patients and healthy subjects. Colorectal cancer patients with high TK1 expression have a shorter survival time. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the combined detection of TK1, CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 were 93.5%, 93.0%, and 93.1%, respectively. Conclusions:Serum TK1 is expected to become an independent marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. The combined detection of TK1, CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and CA72-4 has clinical significance in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Saccharomyces boulardii is a subspecies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is a fungal probiotic. It can regulate the intestinal flora and enhance the barrier function of the intestinal tract. Compared with bacterial probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii is more resistant to acid and oxidation, does not transmit genetic material with bacteria, and can be used in combination with antibiotics. Saccharomyces boulardii can function through a variety of mechanisms, and many proteases secreted by it have antitoxin effects; its own bacteria contain more polyamines, which can nourish the intestinal mucosal cells and regulate the body's metabolic balance. Besides, it can regulate multiple signal pathways to enhance intestinal immunity. Saccharomyces boulardii has been used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The results of animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that the application of Saccharomyces boulardii can improve intestinal inflammation and enhance the therapeutic effect of mesalazine. Saccharomyces boulardii can be used as an auxiliary drug for the treatment of UC.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of MDM2-p53 signaling pathway in the development of colorectal cancer and correlation between p53 with clinicopathological parameters, so as to further analyze the effect of p53 on prognosis. Methods The colorectal cancer tissues and the adjacent normal tissues from 86 cases of patients with colorectal cancer were collected . The expression of p53 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) in colorectal cancer and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prognosis of the patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results The protein expression and the mRNA expression of p53 and MDM2 in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (all P<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between the expression of p53 and MDM2 (r=0.785). The expression of p53 in colorectal cancer tissues were correlated well with the degree of tumor differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and infiltration depth (all P<0.05). Survival analysis demonstrated that the mean overall survival time in p53 high expression group was (53.92±1.56) months which was significantly lower than that in p53 low expression group of (69.16±3.72) months, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.78, P<0.01). Conclusions The risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer are closely related to the MDM2-p53 signaling pathway. p53 can be used as a potential target for the prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.