Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy, with a high incidence and poor prognosis. In the past several decades, hundreds of proteins have been reported to be associated with the prog-nosis of ESCC, but none has been widely accepted to guide clinical care. This study aimed to identify proteins with great potential for predicting prognosis of ESCC. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on immunohistochemical (IHC) prognostic markers of ESCC accord-ing to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. Literature related to IHC prognostic markers of ESCC were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until January 30th, 2017. The risk of bias of these original studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results: We identified 11 emerging IHC markers with reproducible results, including eight markers [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Survivin, Podoplanin, Fascin, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)] indicating unfavorable prognosis and 3 markers (P27, P16, and E-cadherin) indicating favorable prognosis of ESCC. Conclusion: Strong evidence supports that these 11 emerging IHC markers or their combinations may be useful in predicting prognosis and aiding personalized therapy decision-making for ESCC patients.

This article reported a case of a rare disease patient with Proteus syndrome. The 10-year-old male who presented with a 5-year history of mass on left heel and a 3-year history of mass on the toes of left foot, presented to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in July 2018. Multiple lipomas on the heel of the left foot, the end of the foot was enlarged like a hammer. The skin at the bottom of the foot showed linear verrucous epidermal nevi. Superficial vein malformations of both feet and calves. He underwent left toe mass resection in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Pathological results: synovial tissue hyperplasia and cartilage metaplasia. Collagen fibers show tumor-like hyperplasia. The patient had a mutation (c.49G>A, p. Glu17Lys) in the oncogene AKT1. Pathological and genetic test results support the diagnosis of Proteus syndrome. Followed up was performed after operation for 24 months, the condition was well controlled.

This article reported a case of a rare disease patient with Proteus syndrome. The 10-year-old male who presented with a 5-year history of mass on left heel and a 3-year history of mass on the toes of left foot, presented to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital in July 2018. Multiple lipomas on the heel of the left foot, the end of the foot was enlarged like a hammer. The skin at the bottom of the foot showed linear verrucous epidermal nevi. Superficial vein malformations of both feet and calves. He underwent left toe mass resection in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Pathological results: synovial tissue hyperplasia and cartilage metaplasia. Collagen fibers show tumor-like hyperplasia. The patient had a mutation (c.49G>A, p. Glu17Lys) in the oncogene AKT1. Pathological and genetic test results support the diagnosis of Proteus syndrome. Followed up was performed after operation for 24 months, the condition was well controlled.

Objective To investigate the effects of Lp(a)on proliferation GMCs of rat model induced by lipopolysaccharide and explore the possible mechanism of Lp(a)in the proliferation of rat GMCs.Methods To observe the effects of Lp(a)on proliferation of GMCs,different dosage of Lp(a)were used,The research were divided into three groups:Control group,LPS group,Lp(a)group.After culture(at the end of 12h,24h,48h,60h and 72h),the cultured GMCs and suspension were collected to observe the rate of GMCs proliferation by MTT,the positive rate of proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)by immunohistochemisty,and the level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)by ELISA respectively.Results Compared with control and LPS group,MTT,positive rate of PCNA and ICAM-1 of GMCs were increased more significantly in Lp(a)group.MTT ,the positive rate of PCNA and ICAM-1 of GMCs were increased as Lp(a)dosage increased,a maximal effect was seen when Lp(a)was 2.5 μg/L or 5.0μg/L.When the dosage continue increased,MTT,the positive rate of PCNA and ICAM-1 activity of GMCs began to decrease in Lp(a)group.ICAM-1 showed positive correlation with MTT and the positive rate of PCNA.Conclusion Lp(a)can significantly affect the rate of GMCs proliferation,and this affection is in a dosage-and timedependent manner.Low dosage stimulates GMCs proliferation, and high dosage inhibits GMCs proliferation.ICAM-1 shows positive correlation with MTT and the positive rate of PCNA.The effect of Lp(a)on GMCs may be through ICAM-1.

Intestinal microbiota can act as a pathogenic factor for a variety of diseases of digestive system and nervous system. Studies have revealed the bidirectional connection between intestinal microbiota and brain-gut axis. And it is illustrated that the intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in the regulation of nervous system as well as gastrointestinal function. Functional dyspepsia (FD)is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder,and the pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. In recent years,studies have indicated that intestinal microbiota may influence the genesis of FD. This article reviewed the effects of intestinal microbiota on brain-gut axis and FD.

Objective:To measure the pubo-femoral distance of hips of the infants diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ by high frequency ultrasound.Methods:A total of 1 084 infants(2 168 hips) diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ by ultrasonography were collected in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 2019 to May 2020. The ultrasonographic examinations included Graf method and pubo-femoral distance measurement. The 95% medical reference value was adopted to confirm range of normal values of the pubo-femoral distance. And the differences of the pubo-femoral distance between different gender, age and bilateral hip were compared.Results:The pubo-femoral distance of hips diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ was (0.27±0.06)cm, the pubo-femoral distance of males was(0.27±0.06)cm, the pubo-femoral distance of females was (0.27±0.07)cm. The 95% medical reference value was 0.15-0.38 cm. The 95% medical reference value of males was 0.15-0.39 cm, and the 95% medical reference value of females was 0.13-0.41 cm. There were no significant differences between the sexes or between the age(all P>0.05). The difference between the bilateral hip joints from the same infant was statistically significant[(0.274±0.064)cm vs (0.265±0.064)cm, P<0.05]. Conclusions:The 95% medical reference value of hip diagnosed with Graf type Ⅰ is 0.15-0.38 cm.

Objective:Clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms are highly heterogeneous based on variable origins.Our study aims to explore the clinical features of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (RNEN).Methods:Patients with histologically diagnosed rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms were retrospectively analyzed between January 2012 and December 2020. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, complete blood count, endoscopy findings, and pathological features were recorded and analyzed. T-test was used for measurement data analysis, Chi-square test was performed for classification data analysis, and Binary logistic regression was applied for analyzing risk factors of metastasis.Results:Among 172 patients, the male to female ratio was 107 to 65 with an average age of (52±12) years (16-77 years). Altered bowel habit was the most common initial symptom (58/172, 33.7%), followed by abdominal pain (36/172, 20.9%) and loss of body weight (27/172, 15.7%). One hundred and sixty-one cases were neuroendocrine tumors, 9 were neuroendocrine carcinomas and 2 were mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most endoscopic presentations were polypoid lesions (147/172, 85.5%), mainly limited to mucosa (48/172, 27.9%) and submucosa (96/172, 55.8%). Twenty-nine patients developed lymph node invasion or distant metastasis at diagnosis. There were statistical difference of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) among groups with different tumor size (<10 mm vs. 10-20 mm vs.>20 mm, mean NLR 1.79±0.55 vs. 2.27±1.23 vs. 2.95±0.66, P<0.01. Compared with non-metastatic group, the metastatic group presented higher NLR(2.61±0.81 vs. 1.89±0.80, P<0.01). Tumor size (<10 mm vs. 10-20 mm vs.>20 mm, OR 1.00 vs. 2.10 vs. 5.25×10 9, P =0.001), invasion to bowel wall (mucosa vs. submucosa vs. muscularis vs. serosa invasion, OR 1.00 vs. 3.26 vs. 14.11 vs. 39.42, P=0.008), and NLR (NLR<2.25 vs. NLR≥2.25, OR 1.00 vs. 5.19, P =0.024) were risk factors for metastasis. Conclusion:Metastasis of RNEN is related with tumor size, degree of bowel invasion and NLR. High NLR is a poor prognostic factor of RNEN.

Objective:To understand the current status of rare disease related health information release in WeChat official accounts in China.Methods:We used a series of key words containing "rare diseases" and the names of the top 30 rare diseases in hospitalizations in China to search WeChat official accounts. Eligible articles were selected by systematic sampling. All including WeChat official accounts and articles were evaluated to extract the basic information.Results:No relevant WeChat official accounts were found for 14 rare diseases (46.67 %). Most of the WeChat official accounts (52.17 %) were initiated by patients and patient groups. No significant difference was detected in the total number of articles between the official accounts related with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and non-TCM related ones, however, the frequency of the monthly information release was significantly higher in TCM related official accounts ( P<0.001), while the average reading number of articles was significantly higher in non-TCM related official accounts ( P<0.001). Nearly 80 % of the WeChat official accounts had navigation menu, and the average reading number of official accounts with menus was larger than those without menus. The top three topics were rare disease diagnosis and treatment knowledge (46.00 %), public welfare activity for rare diseases (12.81 %) and uncorrelated things (8.65 %), while the first three leading topics were cutting-edge information, public welfare activity and patient story, respectively. Conclusions:The scale for rare disease related health information release based on WeChat official accounts in China has been basically formed, but it is still in development stage. Many improvements should be made in their coverage of rare diseases, release frequency, topic and form. It is urgent to establish or recreate some high-quality WeChat official accounts in order to provide precise information and effectively facilitate the prevention and treatment of rare diseases.

Objective:To discuss the value of pubo-femoral distance(PFD) in the diagnosis of infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).Methods:Nine hundred and thirty-one infants with DDH and normal infants diagnosed by clinical examination and ultrasonography were involved from February 2022 to June 2023 in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. The ultrasonographic examination included Graf method and pubo-femoral distance measurement. Statistical analysis was made on the measurements of PFD of different types of hips.Results:Among all the hips, 1 359 hips were Graf type Ⅰ, 274 hips were Graf type Ⅱa, 166 hips were Graf type Ⅱb, 31 hips were Graf type Ⅱc, 7 hips were Graf type D, 13 hips were Graf type Ⅲ, and 12 hips were Graf type Ⅳ. The PFD of these hips were (0.34±0.07)cm, (0.35±0.08)cm, (0.35±0.08)cm, (0.51±0.11)cm, (0.67±0.09)cm, (0.95±0.26)cm, (1.27±0.30)cm, respectively. There was no significant difference in PFD between hips of Graf Ⅰ, Graf Ⅱa and Graf Ⅱb ( P>0.05), but there was significant difference in PFD between hips of the other Graf types ( P<0.05). The area under curve(AUC) of the PFD for the diagnosis of stability of the hips in infants was 0.959 with the cut-off value of 0.435 cm, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.9% and 90.4%, respectively. Conclusions:The PFD has great value in the evaluation of the stability of hip joint, and the cut-off value is 0.435 cm.

Brain computer interface(BCI)is a rapidly developing rehabilitation technology in recent years, which has been gradually used for cognitive rehabilitation of stroke patients.BCI can activate brain regions related to cognition to a greater extent through motor imagery and neural feedback technology, promote functional connectivity between brain regions, and ameliorate cognitive impairment after stroke.This paper summarized the mechanisms involved in BCI promoting cognitive rehabilitation and current applications of BCI in post-stroke cognitive impairment, and identifies the shortcomings of BCI in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment, in order to provide insight for the research and clinical practice of BCI in post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation.