Objective To study the relative specificity of Yanglingquan on relieving spastic gastrocnemius. Methods According to evidence-based medicine/DME principle, the effect of Yanglingquan in relieving gastrocnemius spasm of old women was studied and evaluated by standard diagnostic and efficacy criteria in random blind multi-center clinical test, with Yanglingquan as the observation group and non-related acupoint Quchi as control group. The effect was investigated by muscle spasm rehabilitation assessment methods. Results There were significant differences in the grade integral of symptoms of both groups between before and after treatment (P 0.05). Conclusion The effect of Yanglingquan in relieving gastrocnemius spasm was better than Quchi, and gastrocnemius spasm isn’t relevant to the content of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ in blood.

Objective To evaluate the difference of PC values based on GBZ 97-2002 and on GBZ 97-2009 for lung cancer cases in Chinese uranium miners.Methods Using 19 lung cancer data ascertained in the past epidemiological study,PC values were calculated according to GBZ 97-2002 and GBZ 97-2009.Results In the 19 lung cancer cases,those cases that could not be judged as radiogenic cancers based on GBZ 97-2002,but may be judged as radiogenic cancers with GBZ 97-2009.The probability was enlarged by 1.1 times at least.The major reason was that the used value was the upper limit of 95％ in GBZ 2009 but the median in 2002.Conclusions Compared to GBZ 97-2002,the criteria value of PC in GBZ 97-2009 drops obviously.

Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue activity of fermented grain-containing blueberry anthocyanins ( LANHE,LH) in mice.Methods Experiments were conducted in two phases .In the first phase , forty mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group(distilled water,dw) and three LH administration groups (8.75,17.5 and 35.08 ml/kg body mass).In the second phase, mice were randomly divided into two groups:high-dose LH group (35.08 ml/kg body mass) and control group (dw 35.08 ml/kg body mass).After four weeks, a forced swimming test was performed and the biochemical parameters related to fatigue were examined .Results and Conclusion The administration groups showed a significant increase of swimming time to exhaustion compared with the control group , especially the high-dose group ( P<0.001).There was no significant change in the blood lactate between the two groups , but at 20 min after swimming, the lactic acid(LA) contents of the high-dose group were lower than in the control group (P>0.05).LH could significantly increase the liver glycogen contents and decrease the serum contents (P<0.05).These data indicate that LH has anti-fatigue activity and can elevate the exercise tolerance in mice .

Objective To compare the short‐term clinical effects of single segment and two segments of Dynesys dynamic in‐ternal fixation system for treating lumbar degenerative disease .Methods 40 cases of degenerative lumbar disease treated by the Dynesys dynamic fixation system combined with posterior approach decompression from 2009 July to March 2012 were selected and performed the evaluation on the clinical effects by the waist and leg pain visual analogue scale (VAS) ,the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the orthopaedic spinal association of North America (NASS) index .The imaging method was used to observe the mobili‐ty of operative segment and proximal adjacent segment and the degenerative change of intervertebral height .Results All of the 40 cases were followed up .The VAS score and ODI score at postoperative 3 months and last follow‐up were significantly decreased when compared with the pre‐operative scores (P<0 .05);there was no statistically significant differences in the VAS score and ODI score at 3 months and last follow‐up between the single segment group and the 2‐segment group (P> 0 .05) .The NASS index showed no statistically significant difference in the postoperative effect satisfaction between the two groups (P>0 .05);there was no statistically significant difference in the variation of the intervertebral height between before operation and at the last follow‐up (P>0 .05) .There was statistically significant difference in the motility of proximal adjacent segment at the last follow‐up between the two groups (P<0 .05);but comparing the motility of proximal adjacent segment between the last follow‐up and pre‐operation , only the single segment group showed statistically significant difference (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The Dynesys dynamic fixation system combined with posterior approach decompression operation has good clinical effect in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease .Meanwhile ,the single segment method has more significant effect on the motility of proximal adjacent segment than the double segments method .

Objective To prepare a human meningococcal reference serum and standardize IgG concentrations to capsular polysaccharides and in vitro bactericidal activities of the reference serum against serogroup A, C, Y and W135 strains.Methods Twenty healthy adults were recruited and given one dose of immunization with tetravalent (serogroups A, C, Y and W135) meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine . Plasma samples were collected and gone through a series of process treatments including defibrination , filtra-tion, and lyophilization to prepare the meningococcal reference serum Men 10.The IgG concentrations of Men10 to capsular polysaccharides of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 were calibrated by using an internation-al reference serum CDC1992 as the standard in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Provisional IgG concentrations of Men10 were intensively validated by testing a panel of 12 calibration serum samples from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , USA ( US CDC) and a panel of 56 serum samples immu-nized with A, C, Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine from Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.(LIBP) with the assays using Men10 and CDC1992 as the standard and/or test sam-ples, respectively.The bactericidal titers against serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains were measured by se-rum bactericidal assay (SBA).Results Four thousand vials (0.5 ml/vial)of lyophilized human meningo-coccal reference serum Men10 were successfully prepared with 2.5%of residual moisture .Reference serum Men10 was sterile and free from contamination by hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus , human immunodefi-ciency virus and syphilis .Provisional IgG concentration of Men 10 to capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A, C, Y and W135 was calibrated by using CDC1992 as the standard.Furthermore, IgG concentrations of both panels of 12 CDC calibration serum samples and 56 LIBP serum samples calibrated by using Men 10 as the standard correlated well with those by using CDC1992 as the standard (r=0.99,P<0.05).The IgG concentrations of CDC1992 as calibrated by using Men10 as the standard showed significant correlation with its previously determined values with variation <10%.SBA titers for serotype A , C, Y and W135 strains were established as well .Conclusion A panel of new human meningococcal reference serum Men 10 with accurately calibrated IgG concentration against capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 as well as SBA titers was successfully established .

Objective To explore the applicable conditions for using urine plutonium monitoring data to assess personal internal doses,in order to provide references for the occupational health management and the urine plutonium monitoring in nuclear sector.Methods Using some plutonium mixtures from DOE nuclear facilities,as an example,the urine plutonium levels were estimated through simulation calculation at 1 mSv effective dose arising from either acute or chronic inhalation of plutonium compounds,respectively.The results were compared with the typical detection limit of radiochemical separation and α-spectrometry.The feasibility of urine plutonium monitoring for dose assessment of internal radiation exposure was discussed.Results Only for type M plutonium compunds,1 mSv detection limit can be achieved using radiochemical separation and α-spectrometry within 10 d after inhalation.Conclusions Before the monitoring plan of urine plutonium is made,detection limits of monitoring method should be considered.Internal dose could be accessed using workplace air monitoring and working hours when necessary.

Objective To study the influence of polysaccharide in Radix saposhnikovae(Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root,Fangfeng)on the absorption,and transformation of cimifugin in human small intestine.Methods Caco-2cell monolayer model was applied to stimulate thea bsorption mechanism of human small intestine.After detection of the contents of polysaccharide at apical side and at baso lateral side,the effect of polysaccharide on cimifugin absorption of small intestine was studied.The contents of total chromones were measured using HPLC after cimifugin co-cultured with Caco-2 cells for 2 h and 4 h. Results Concentration of polysaccharides made no difference on cimifugin permeation through Caco-2 monolayer cell membrane (P >0.05 ).After Caco-2 cells were cultured with polysaccharide and cimifugin solution for 2 h and 4 h,the content of polysaccharide had no effect on cimifugin content in culture solution and Caco-2 cells (P>0.05 ).But with the added quality of polysaccharide increasing, prim-O-glucosyl-cimifugin showed an increasing tendency,and 4′-O-β-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol increased significantly(P<0.01),in direct proportion to quantity of polysaccharide.Cimifugin transfor-mation was due to polysaccharide,with the total chromones content of control group of 10.3 nmol/L and that of polysacchari degroup of 75.6 nmol/L.Conclusion Poly saccharide of Radixs aposhnikovaehasno obvious effect on the absorption of cimifugin,but can promote its transformation to prim-O-glucosyl-cimi-fugin and 4′-O-β-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol,and prevent chromones from degradation.

Objective To study the effect of Shenlingbaizhu Pills on hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota in guinea pigs, providing data support for the treatment of hyperlipidemia from the " spleen" . Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, model group, ezetimibe group, Shenlingbaizhu Pills high and low dose groups, with 12 guinea pigs for each group. Guinea pig models of hyperlipidemia were established with high fat diet for 8 weeks. Oral administration of the drug began at the fifth week and continued for 4 weeks. The serum lipid levels of guinea pigs were determined after final administration. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining. The mRNA expression levels of ATP binding cassette ( ABC ) A1 in liver, Niemann Pick C1 like 1 ( NPC1L1) and ABCG5/8 in small intestine were detected by realtime PCR. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect changes of gut microbiotas in guinea pigs. Results Shenlingbaizhu Pills significantly reduced the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in guinea pigs with hyperlipidemia ( P＜0. 01 or P＜0.05). The pathological degree of fatty liver was improved obviously by Shenlingbaizhu Pills. Shenlingbaizhu Pills could reduce the mRNA expression level of NPC1L1 of small intestine and increase the level of liver ABCA1 and small intestine ABCG5/8 (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). At the phylum level, Shenlingbaizhu Pills could reduce the proportion of verrucomicrobia of guinea pigs in model group (P＜0.01); At the genus level, Shenlingbaizhu Pills could increase the proportions of erysipelotrichaceae＿unclassified, ruminococcus＿1, and ileibacterium of guinea pigs in model group (P＜0. 01 or P＜0. 05 ), reduce the proportion of akkermansia and eubacterium＿coprostanoligenes＿group ( P＜0.01). Conclusion Shenlingbaizhu Pills had significantly therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia, and its specific mechanism was related to the regulation of cholesterol transport and intestinal flora.

Based on the study of solid cancer incidence in survivors of the atomic bomb disaster (atomic bomb survivors) from 1958 to 1998, the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) performed an additional 11-year follow-up (1999—2009) to further investigate the 50-year solid cancer incidence of atomic bomb survivors from 1958 to 2009. Considering influencing factors such as gender, smoking, drinking, body mass index, and medical exposure, we updated the radiation risk estimate for solid cancer and found a new problem of the relationship between gender-specific dose response, exposure age and cancer incidence during the study, which provides guidance for future research.

Objective:To evaluate direct and indirect costs for schizophrenia,major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar disorder,and to compare their differences of cost composition,and to explore the drivers of the total costs.Methods:A total of 3 175 inpatients with schizophrenia,MDD,and bipolar disorder were recruited.In-patient's self-report total direct of medical costs outpatient and inpatient,out-of-pocket costs,and direct non-medical costs were regarded as direct costs.Productivity loss and other loss caused by damaging properties were defined as indirect costs.The perspectives of this study included individual and societal levels.Multivariate regression analysis was applied for detecting the factors influencing disease costs.Results:The total cost of schizophrenia was higher than those of MDD and bipolar disorder at individual and societal levels.The indirect costs of three mental disorders were higher than the direct costs,and the indirect cost ratio of bipolar disorder was higher than those of schizophre-nia and MDD.Age,gender,working condition and marital status(P＜0.05)were the important drivers of total costs.Conclusion:The economic burden of the three mental disorders is relatively heavy.Schizophrenia has heaviest disease burden,and the productivity loss due to mental disorders is the driving force of the soaring disease cost