To date, the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) has lagged behind B-cell malignancies. Traditionally, para-digms for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were applied to patients with PTCL, but the outcomes were poor. Recently, the FDA has ap-proved four drugs for patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL, and the Japanese government has approved of anti-CCR4 monoclonal an-tibody for patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Clinical studies are exploring the combination of these new agents into stan-dard CHOP-based regimens for patients with newly diagnosed PTCL. Recent studies have revealed that PTCL may be associated with epigenetic dysregulation and is thus sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitors. These advances provide a new understanding of PTCL, whose therapeutic options will be presented in this review.

Objective To investigate a better method for repair of scalp avulsion with skull exposure.Methods After primary debridement and skin grafting,tissue expanders were placed into subgaleal layer of normal scalp.After enough expansion,expanded scalp flaps were used to repair the skull exposure and the bald deformity.Results All of 6 cases had satisfactory results,wounds were repaired,no bald deformity occurred and no tissue expander infected case was encountered.Conclusion Using this method,we can treat the scalp avulsion with skull exposure without bald deformity.

In order to develop ELISA method for measuring the degradation fragment of fibronectin (MAD2),hybridoma technique was used to obtain the monoclonal antibody (McAb)IgG 1 against MAD2 without cross reaction with fibronectin.The sera from 277 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),76 with metastatic hepatic carcinoma (HMC),98 with alimentary canal carcinoma (ACC) and 156 with chronic liver disease(CLD) and 48 healthy subjects were assayed with ELISA method using this antibody.The examination showed that the mean value of MAD2 from the patients with HCC showed obviously significant difference compared with those of CLD,HMC,ACC and normal control groups ( p

To study the mechanism of matrix degradation in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), the liver tissues from 28 patients with ALD were divided into three groups according to their fibrosis degree. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP 1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2), membrane type metalloproteinase (MT1 MMP), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) was detected using in situ hybridization method. The results showed that the cells with positive MMP 1, MMP 2, MT1 MMP, and TIMP mRNA staining were mainly located around the fibrotic central veins, walls of sinusoids, and portal triads. These positive cells were the cells of hepatic sinusoidal walls and a few hepatocytes, meanwhile, some cells expressed both the MMP 2 and the MT 1MMP mRNA. The positive cells of the MMP 2, MT1 MMP, and TIMP mRNA increased in parallel with the severity of fibrosis, whereas the expression of MMP 1 mRNA decreased. These changes were observed predominantly in moderate fibrosis group. There findings demonstrated that down regulation of MMP 1 expression and up regulation of TIMP expression might be involved in excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in ALD. MMP 2 might collaborate with MT1 MMP in degradation of ECM. thereby contributing to fibrosis of central veins.Hepatic stellate cells might be the main cellular source of MMP 1, MMP 2, MT1 MMP and TIMP in ALD.

micro), hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, mild diffuse lobular inflammation and perisinusoidal collagen deposition. Zone 3 accentuation could be detected. Mallory hyaline, vacuolated nuclei in periportal hepatocytes were common. NASH has some clinical and pathological characteristics. The authors hold that combinative consideration of clinics, pathology and laboratory can ensure the diagnosis of NASH, and liver biopsy interpretation continues to be the "gold standard " for diagnosis.

To study the significance of immunocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 36 cases of patients with AIH were analyzed. Dendritic cell (DC) and lymphocytes (LC) in the liver tissues were observed with a panel of DC markers and monoclonal antibodies of lymphocyte by the method of immunohistochemistry, and DC was isolated and incubated from peripheral blood from 8 patients who were selected from these 36 patients. The expression of surface markers on DC and lymphocytes and their numbers were detected by using the flow cytometric analysis. The results showed that the expression levels of HLA DR were much higher than those in control groups ( P

Objective To explore the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) on heart and its conduction system in SARS patients. Methods Six specimens of heart tissue and one specimen of heart condunction system from patients who died from SARS were studied histologically, and by histochemical and in situ hybridization examinations. Results The pathological changes showed that a part of cardiomyocytes manifested slight vacuolar degeneration, atrophy and cytoplasmic lysis, stromal edema, mild mononuclear infiltration, and vasculitis. SARS-CoV was identified within some cardiomyocytes and specialized cardiomyocytes which belonged to the conduction system of the heart by in situ hybridization in combination with Macchiavello's viral inclusion stain. Conclusions The results showed that SARS-CoV could invade not only cardiomyocytes, but also the specialized cells of heart conduction system, thus resulting in mild viral myocarditis-like pathological changes. The results provided the evidence in explaining the clinical manifestations of cardiac dysfunction in patients with SARS.

Objective To explore the significance of cellular apoptosis induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome cronovirus (SARS-CoV) in the pathogenesis of SARS. Methods TdT-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick end ladelling method (TUNEL), and the double immunochemical staining with cytokeratin and CD3, CD8, CD20 and CD68 monoclonal antibodies were used to study the cellular apoptosis in tissue specimens from six patients who died from SARS. Meanwhile, the expression of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), P53 and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The number of cellular apoptosis was obviously increased in multiple organs from the six patients died from SARS. The cellular apoptosis occurred predominantly in cytokeratin-positive pneumoncytes, terminal bronchiolar epithelium, CD3 + and CD8 + lymphocytes, as well as a part of CD20 + lymphocytes and CD68 + macrophages. Fas protein was mainly expressed in the infiltrated mononuclear cells, while FasL was chiefly expressed in SARS-CoV target cells, especially in the apoptotic cells. In the lung and immune organs, down-regulation of P53 and Bcl-2 expression was found. Conclusion The occurrence of increased and rapid cell apoptosis induced by SARS-CoV might be the main cause of the injuries to the lung and immune system. That the activated lymphocytes which expressed Fas and FasL attack SARS-CoV target cells might be the underlying mechanism of cell apoptosis in SARS. Down-expression of Bcl-2 and P53 proteins might also participate in cell apoptosis induced by SARS-CoV.

Objective To explore the value of laparoscope in the treatment of biliary leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods 16 cases of biliary leak after LC from August 1996 to May 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. Results 14 patients with biliary leak without bile duct injury were operated on under laparoscope. 2 patients with biliary leak and bile duct injury were converted to open operation. Conclusions Laparoscope can confirm reasons of biliary leak and shorten hospitalization time of patients with biliary leak without bile duct injury.

A three-dimensional (3D) model of human anterior chamber is reconstructed to explore the effect of different corneal temperatures on the heat transfer in the chamber. Based on the optical coherence tomography imaging of the volunteers with normal anterior chamber, a 3D anterior chamber model was reconstructed by the method of UG parametric design. Numerical simulation of heat transfer and aqueous humor flow in the whole anterior chamber were analyzed by the finite volume methods at different corneal temperatures. The results showed that different corneal temperatures had obvious influence on the temperature distribution and the aqueous flow in the anterior chamber. The temperature distribution is linear and axial symmetrical around the pupillary axis. As the temperature difference increases, the symmetry becomes poorer. Aqueous floated along the warm side and sank along the cool side which forms a vortexing flow. Its velocity increased with the addition of temperature difference. Heat fluxes of cornea, lens and iris were mainly affected by the aqueous velocity. The higher the velocity, the bigger more absolute value of the above-mentioned heat fluxes became. It is practicable to perform the numerical simulation of anterior chamber by the optical coherence tomography imaging. The results are useful for studying the important effect of corneal temperature on the heat transfer and aqueous humor dynamics in the anterior chamber.
Anterior Chamber ; physiology ; Aqueous Humor ; physiology ; Cornea ; physiology ; Humans ; Iris ; Lens, Crystalline ; Models, Biological ; Temperature ; Tomography, Optical Coherence