Communities of bacteria wrapped in self-generated extracellular polymeric matrix and attached to a solid surface are known as biofilm. Biofilm formation and development can be divided into three stages: adhesion of cells to a surface, reproduction of the cells, and dispersion of cells. The procedure, which surface-attached biofilm disperses bacterial cells into the environment to colonize new sites, is defined as biofilm dispersal. Biofilm dispersal is an essential stage of biofilm life cycle. It plays an important role in the transmission of bacteria. For many pathogenic bacteria, biofilm dispersal can transform bacteria in biofilm into planktonic state and promote the spread of infection. The formation of biofilm may increase the resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agent and host defence response compared with planktonic cells. In the oral cavity, oral microorganism can attach to the surface of oral tissue and prosthesis to form biofilm. Dental caries and periodontal disease are oral chronic infections diseases of the oral tissue. The occurrence of them has a close relationship with biofilm. The mechanism of dispersal is a hot topic in recent years. Some agents which promote dispersal might be a therapeutic potential against biofilm infections. The clinical implication of dispersal agents and potential application are promising. This article reviews the dispersal-inducing agents of oral biofilms.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Dental Caries ; Humans

Objective To test the performance of field blood transportation vehicle from the aspects of heat preservation,refrigeration and oil consumption.Methods Two vehicles without power supply were stowed with maximum load,one with red cell suspension,and the other with frozen plasma.With the environmental temperature higher than 35 ℃ or lower than 25 ℃,related time lengths were detected respectively.Results The holding time of the vehicles was from 1.5 h to 7 h,refrigerating time was from 15 min to 138 min,and a full tank of gasoline was exhausted around 5～7 hours.Conclusion During line-haul,field blood transportation vehicle has to be equipped with additional cooling agents,in case the refrigeration equipment out of work for the reason of gasoline exhaustion.

Objective:To establish and validate a method for the determination of particle size and size distribution of gefitinib. Methods:A Malvern Mastersizer 3000 laser size analyzer and a Hydro LV wet autosampler were used,a light scattering method for the determination of particle size and size distribution was adopted to analyze the particle size of gefitinib,and then the methodological study was carried out. The pump speed was 2 000 r·min -1 ,the obscuration was 8% -20% ,the measurement time of background and sample was 10 s,the sample RI was 1. 500,and the sample absorbance was 0. 00. Results:The D10 of 3 batches of gefitinib was less than 7 μm,the D50 was less than 15 μm and the D90 was less than 25 μm,which all met the preparation requirements of final products. Conclusion:The method is accurate,simple and repeatable,and suitable for the particle size analysis of gefitinib.

Objective Irregular antibody screening and identification are very important to reduce hemolytic reaction.The dis-tribution of irregular antibodies of blood group was analyzed in patients, to provide evidence for using Micro column gel test to detect and identify irregular antibodies transfusion safety. Methods Micro column gel anti-globulin technique was used to screen the irregular an-tibodies and cross-matching in 29770 patients.If the serum had irregular antibodies, the spectrum cells were used to identify the specific-ity of irregular antibodies. Results Among 29 770 patients, 120 cases had irregular antibodies of blood group.The positive rate was 0.4%.The irregular antibodies include Rh system(n=67),MNS system (n=7), Lewis system(n=5),cases of Kidd system(n=3) and undefined specified antibodies(n=38).Among the 120 antibody-positive patients, 70 were female patients and 50 were male patients. Further study showed that the pregnancy history was to the main factor causing irregular antibodies in women (46 positive cases among 70 female patients) . Conclusion The study showed that some patients had irregular antibodies of blood group, especially female patients with pregnancy history.These results suggested that irregular antibody screening and cross-matching by micro column gel method in pa-tients before transfusion had great significance for ensuring the blood transfusion safety.

Objective: To investigate the temperature control methods for long-distance transportation of red blood cell suspensions in military affairs or emergence.Methods: We loaded blood transport cars with red blood cell suspensions to full capacity and kept the temperature by combined cooling methods.Results: The temperature in the container was kept between 2-6.2℃ during the 72 h transportation,even when the refrigeration system of the car was out of work.Conclusion: The required temperature for long-distance transportation of red blood cell suspensions could be attained by combined cooling methods in case of insecurity of transportation time and the effect of single cooling method.

Objective Exploring clinical prediction value of the ischemia modified albumin (IMA) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 109 cases of the PCI postoperative patients of ACS at the Panggang General Hospital from January 2010 to July 2012 were included.IMA was determined within 6 hours after admission,and standardized treatment after PCI.After a 6-month follow-up,they were divided into the event group and non-event group according to cardiovascular events occurrence.Results 101 cases were followed-up,including 26 cases of cardiovascular events (25.74％) and 75 cases of no cardiovascular events (74.26％).The left ventricular ejection fraction of the event group [(45 ± 7)％] was significantly lower than the non-event group [(52 ± 10) ％] (t =1.894,P ＜ 0.05).Serum IMA of the event group[(105.51 ± 13.26) U/ml]was significantly higher than the non-event group [(85.18 ± 11.36) U/ml] (t =7.3518,P ＜0.01).After controlling other cardiovascular risk factors,IMA was still independent risk factors for cardiovascular events (OR =1.69,95％ CI: 1.18 ～ 2.13,P =0.01).Conclusions IMA have very good clinical prediction value of cardiovascular events occurrence for ACS after PCI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the composition and resistance of main pathogens isolated form Lower respiratory tract in coalminer's pneumoconiosis patients complicated with infection to provide the basis for clinical treatment.

METHODCoalminer's pneumoconiosis patients complicated with infection during 2009 to 2010 were divided into mechanical ventilation group and non mechanical ventilation group. Specimens were obtained from lower respiratory tract by fibrobronchoscopy with protected specimen brush in patients of both groups to perform isolation, culture, identification and susceptibility test of pathogen.

RESULTTotal 111 patients were enrolled, 36 of them in mechanical ventilation group and 75 patients in non mechanical ventilation group. The pathogenic bacteria detection rate of patients in mechanical ventilation group was significantly higher than that of patients in non mechanical ventilation group (88.9% vs. 46.7%, P < 0.01). In non mechanical ventilation group, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 3 patients, and 27 strains of G- bacilli, 3 strains of G+ coccus, and 2 strains of fungus; and 26 strains of G- bacilli, 3 strains of G+ coccus, and 3 strains of fungus were detected in mechanical ventilation group. There was no significant difference in term of strains between the two groups (P > 0.05). Rate of resistance to main antibiotics of patients in mechanical ventilation group was higher than that of patients in non mechanical ventilation group.

CONCLUSIONResistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract was severe in coalminer's pneumoconiosis patients complicated with infection, which was higher in patients treated with mechanical ventilation than patients without mechanical ventilation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fungal infection and increasing resistance prompted that clinicians must attach importance to rational drug use and keep to monitoring bacterial resistance.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

Objective: To optimize the preparation process for Haoqin-Huaban granules so as to provide experimental basis for the development and utilization of the compound. Methods: Taking the extraction rate of gentiopicroside from Gentiana macrophylla Pall as the observation index, L₉(3⁴)orthogonal test was used to investigate the amount of water, extraction time, and extraction frequency for optimizing the water extracting technology of the Haoqin-Huaban granules. Then the dry paste was used for the raw material, the ratio of the diluent (dextrin) and the concentration and dosage of the binder (ethanol) were investigated by single factor, and the particles were prepared. Results: The optimum water extraction process was A2B2C3, which indicated that the prescribed medicinal materials with 8 times water were extracted 1 h for 3 times. The extract was concentrated into paste, vacuum drying, pulverizing, mixing according to the ratio of 5:1, with ethanol, made of soft material, pelletizing, drying at 60 ℃ for granulation, in order to make Haoqin-Huaban granules. Conclusions The preparation process is reasonable and feasible, which provides experimental basis for the industrial production of Haoqin-Huaban granules.

Communities of bacteria wrapped in self-generated extracellular polymeric matrix and attached to a solid surface are known as biofilm. Biofilm formation and development can be divided into three stages: adhesion of cells to a surface, reproduction of the cells, and dispersion of cells. The procedure, which surface-attached biofilm disperses bacterial cells into the environment to colonize new sites, is defined as biofilm dispersal. Biofilm dispersal is an essential stage of biofilm life cycle. It plays an important role in the transmission of bacteria. For many pathogenic bacteria, biofilm dispersal can transform bacteria in biofilm into planktonic state and promote the spread of infection. The formation of biofilm may increase the resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agent and host defence response compared with planktonic cells. In the oral cavity, oral microorganism can attach to the surface of oral tissue and prosthesis to form biofilm. Dental caries and periodontal disease are oral chronic infections diseases of the oral tissue. The occurrence of them has a close relationship with biofilm. The mechanism of dispersal is a hot topic in recent years. Some agents which promote dispersal might be a therapeutic potential against biofilm infections. The clinical implication of dispersal agents and potential application are promising. This article reviews the dispersal-inducing agents of oral biofilms.