Objective To explore the medication rules of national TCM masters’ treatment for phymatosis. Methods The prescriptions for phymatosis of national TCM masters were collected to build a database. The methods of association rules with apriori algorithm and complex system entropy cluster were used to achieve frequency of individual herbs, frequency of medicine combinations, association rules of herbs and core medicine combinations. Results In the prescriptions for phymatosis, Chinese medicinal herbs with the highest frequency were Astragali Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Poria, Herba Oldenlandiae, Rehmanniae Radix Exsiccata, and so on. Medicine combinations with the highest frequencywere Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Poria, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Codonopsis Radix, and Poria-Codonopsis Radix. The medicine association rules of confidence coefficient 1 were Sparganii Rhizoma→Curcumae Rhizoma, and Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen→Paeoniae Radix Rubra. The new prescriptions composited by “Curcumae Rhizoma, Sparganii Rhizoma, Manis Squama, Prunella Spica, Dipsacus Asperoides”, or “Paridis Rhizoma, Adenophorae Radix, Gleditsiae Spina, Sargassum, Laminariae Thallus”. Conclusions Chinese medicinal herbs used in the prescriptions of national TCM masters for the treatment of phymatosis were often with the actions of invigorating the spleen and benefiting qi, clearing away heat and toxic material, and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, which were complied with the medication rule of treating both the incidental and fundamental aspects in TCM.

Objective To investigate the medication rules for the treatment of hepatopathy by national medical masters. Methods The prescriptions for hepatopathy were collected to build a database based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inheritance assist system. After analyzed by the data mining, such as apriori algorithm and complex system entropy cluster, the frequency of single medicine and drug combinations that used in prescriptions, and the association rules among drugs were obtained. Results The most frequently used drugs were Herba Artemisiae Capillaris, Tuckahoe, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and Radix Bupleuri, et al. The most frequently used drug combinations were “Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Tuckahoe”, “Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Tuckahoe”, and “Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Herba Artemisiae Capillaris”, et al. And when the confidence of drug association rules was 1, the drug combinations were“Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Giant Knotweed→Herba Artemisiae Capillaris”,“Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix curcumae→Herba Artemisiae Capillaris”, “Giant Knotweed, Gardenia→Herba Artemisiae Capillaris” and so on. Conclusion The medicines were often with the actions of clearing heat, removing dampness, regulating qi and activating blood circulation, which were used for the treatment of hepatopathy by national medical masters.

Objective To assess the value of hemofiltration in the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy(CIN) post percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in severe chronic kidney disease stages(CKD) patients. Methods We evaluated 30 CKD patients who underwent PCI followed by bedside hemofiltration. We measured serum creatinine levels before PCI, 24 hours, 72 hours, and one week after PCI, and calculated creatinine clearance(CrCl) according to Cockcroft and Gault equation.We observed the incidence of CIN, and the short term clinical efficacy of hemofiltralion. Results The average age of the 30 patients was (72.87 ± 8.71) years old, with 21 (70%) male patients. The stages of CKD among the patients included CKD 3 (3 patients, 10%), CKD 4 (20 patients, 66.7%) and CKD 5 (7 patients, 23.3%). The average duration of hemofiltration was (7.5±4.1) hours. Serum creatinine before PCI, 24 hours, 72 hours and 1 week after PCI was (498.7±143.7)μmol/L, (353.2±128.0)μmol/L, (450.0±132.2)μmol/L, (488.0±145.7)μmol/L respectively,and CrCl was (20.3±10.2) ml/min, (36.5±14.3) ml/min, (28.3±10.4) ml/min, (21.0±10.3) ml/min respectively. There was no CIN. Mean follow-up was (3.1 ± 2.6) months. There was no new cardiovascular events, and no new patients need to rely on long term hemodialysis. Conclusions For patients with severe renal insufficiency, hemofiltration may reduce the incidence of CIN, It is an alternative preventive measures to prevent CIN.

Objective To analyze the value of plane QRS-T angle on prediction of malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) occurred after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods The clinical data of 418 patients with STEMI who underwent PCI within 12 h of symptom onset were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into plane QRS-T angle ≤ 90° group (324 cases) and plane QRS-T angle>90° group (94 cases) according to the plane QRS-T angle after PCI. The clinical data were compared between 2 groups. Results Compared with patients in plane QRS-T angle ≤ 90° group, patients in plane QRS-T angle > 90° group was older: (67.4 ± 11.8) years vs. (63.6 ± 12.0) years, QTc interval was longer: (438.60 ± 34.97) ms vs. (425.24 ± 25.49) ms, rate of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45% was higher: 57.4% (54/94) vs. 35.8% (116/324), rate of using of beta-blockers was less: 74.5% (70/94) vs. 84.9% (275/324), but the incidences of hypertension and MVA were higher:79.8%(75/94) vs. 64.5%(209/324) and 10.6%(10/94) vs. 1.2%(4/324), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that plane QRS-T angle >90° was an independent risk factor of MVA after PCI in STEMI patients (OR = 9.640, P =0.001), and using of beta-blockers was a protective factor (OR = 0.266, P = 0.028). Conclusions Plane QRS-T angle>90° is an independent risk factor of MVA after PCI in STEMI patients, while the use of beta-blockers is a protective factor. Paients with STEMI after PCI should be alert to the occurrence of MVA in the condition of plane QRS-T angle>90° and not taking beta-blockers.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of rotational atherectomy (RA) with drug-eluting stents (DES) by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for elderly patients with heavily calcified lesions. Methods Thirteen patients aged above 70 years with heavily calcified coronary artery having underwent the treatment of RA and DES by IVUS were enrolled. The levels of troponin T, creatine kinase isozyme-MB and creatinine were detected before and after operation.The levels of minimus lumen diameter, diameter stenosis rate, effective area of the lumen before and after operation were compared. The immediate success rate was evaluated and the follow-up results were recorded. Results Thirteen patients in accordance with angiography and IVUS examination were confirmed as severe calcification. The levels of troponin T, creatine kinase isozyme-MB and creatinine detected before and after operation had no significantly differences (P>0.05). The levels of minimus lumen diameter, diameter stenosis rate and effective area of the lumen before and after operation had significant differences:(2.06 ± 0.38) mm vs. (3.98 ± 0.76) mm, (73.26 ± 7.02)%vs. (17.00 ± 3.34)%, (4.53 ± 1.50) mm2 vs. (12.54 ± 6.19) mm2, P<0.01. The rate of left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery and right coronary artery calcification was 10/13, 0 and 1/13. All patients′operation was successful. Followed up for (14.6 ± 3.4) months, no patients had angina and myocardial infarction, or required target vessel revascularization. Conclusions RA with DES by IVUS can be safely used in elderly patients with severely calcified coronary artery disease, and can improve the success rate of intervention operation.

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of Forsythoside A, Phillyrin, (R,S)-Epigoitrin, Chlorgenic Acid and Isochlorogenic Acid A by HPLC, and test 16 batches of samples from 14 manufacturers. Methods The test was performed on Kinetex EVO C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the column temperature at 35 ℃ . The gradient elution was adopted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.3% phosphoric acid aqucous at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength of (R,S)-Epigoitrin and Phillyrin were set as 236 nm, the detection wavelength of Forsythoside A, Cholorogenic Acid and Isochlorogenic Acid A were set as 327 nm. Results The good linear relationships were displayed within the linear range of 0.050 45-2.018 00 μg for Forsythoside A (r=0.999 9), 0.018 21-0.728 40 μg for Phillyrin (r=0.999 9), 0.010 16-0.406 40 μg for (R,S)-Epigoitrin (r=0.999 9), 0.006 60-0.263 90 μg for Cholorogenic Acid (r=0.999 9) and 0.0040 44~0.161 76 μg for Isochlorogenic Acid A ( r=0.999 5). The RSDs of reproducibility and stability tests were lower than 2%; recoveries were 97.01%, 98.28%, 99.35% and 96.21%, RSD were 3.19%, 1.19%, 0.81%, 2.88% and 2.96%. The content ranges of Forsythoside A, Phillyrin, (R,S)-Epigoitrin, Chlorgenic Acid and Isochlorogenic Acid A from 16 batches of samples from 14 manufacturers were 0.057 43-1.508 71 mg/g, 0.017 72-0.350 15 mg/g, 0.005 68-0.177 13 mg/g, 0.007 53-0.226 33 mg/g and 0.00308-0.11908 mg/g. Conclusions The established method is simple and accurate, and has a good repeatability. It can be used for the quality analysis of Forsythoside A, Phillyrin, (R,S)-Epigoitrin, Chlorgenic Acid and Isochlorogenic Acid A. The content of the tested chemical components from 16 batches of samples from 14 manufacturers have significant differences which indicate that a reinforcement of the quality control is needed.

Objective To compare the effects of exogenous enzymes on the degradation of adhesive-dentin interface.Methods Forty molars were sectioned to expose the middle-coronal dentin surface and randomly divided into two adhesive systems:an etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 and a self-etching adhesive G-Bond.After composite building up,the specimens were then randomly assigned to four groups(n=5 for each group) as follows:group 1,24 h of water storage(the control group);group 2,six months of water storage;group 3,twelve weeks storage in artificial saliva containing clostridium histolyticum collagenase;group 4,twelve weeks storage in artificial saliva containing cholesterolesterase.The microtensile bond strengths(MTBS) were then tested.The failure modes and nanoleakage were analyzed.Results After aging treatments,the three aging groups showed significantly lower MTBS compared with the control group in both adhesive systems(P＜0.05).For etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2,the MTBS of group 3([19.6±3.5] MPa) was lower than that of group 2([23.4±4.2] MPa) and group 4([24.2±4.2] MPa) (P＜0.05).For self-etching adhesive G-Bond,there was no difference on MTBS among different aging groups (P＞0.05).SEM observation showed that,compared with the control group,water storage(group 2) and the exogenous enzymes(group 3 and 4) increased the nanoleakage expression(silver deposition) of both adhesive systems.Adhesive failure was the predominant fracture modes in all groups.Conclusions Storage in artificial saliva containing clostridium histolyticum collagenase or cholesterol esterase could be used to accelerate the degradation process of adhesive-dentine interface.

Objective: To optimize the preparation process for Haoqin-Huaban granules so as to provide experimental basis for the development and utilization of the compound. Methods: Taking the extraction rate of gentiopicroside from Gentiana macrophylla Pall as the observation index, L₉(3⁴)orthogonal test was used to investigate the amount of water, extraction time, and extraction frequency for optimizing the water extracting technology of the Haoqin-Huaban granules. Then the dry paste was used for the raw material, the ratio of the diluent (dextrin) and the concentration and dosage of the binder (ethanol) were investigated by single factor, and the particles were prepared. Results: The optimum water extraction process was A2B2C3, which indicated that the prescribed medicinal materials with 8 times water were extracted 1 h for 3 times. The extract was concentrated into paste, vacuum drying, pulverizing, mixing according to the ratio of 5:1, with ethanol, made of soft material, pelletizing, drying at 60 ℃ for granulation, in order to make Haoqin-Huaban granules. Conclusions The preparation process is reasonable and feasible, which provides experimental basis for the industrial production of Haoqin-Huaban granules.

Background:Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods:A decision tree model with three scenarios (low-dose CT screening,chest X-ray screening,and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort (100,000 smokers aged 45-80 years).Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence.The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research.Differences in lung cancer mortality (primary outcome),false diagnoses,and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated.Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results:Among the 100,000 subjects,there were 448,541,and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT,chest X-ray,and no screening scenarios,respectively (17.2％ reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2％ over no screening).The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7 and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons,respectively.The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort,low dose CT sensitivity,and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers.Considering all possibilities,reduction in deaths (relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were 16 (5.4％) and 288 (40.2％) over no screening,respectively.Conclusions:In terms of mortality outcomes,our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However,approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed.