Objective To compare the clinical curative effect of partial tubeless and traditional percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) in treatment of upper urinary calculus and to evaluate the clinical feasibility and value. Methods 206 patients with upper urinary calculus were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from May 2013 to May 2014 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were randomized into the observation group (tubeless PCNL group) and the control group (traditional PCNL group). The operation time,stone clearance rate,visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,usage of analgesic drugs,hemoglobin decrease,blood transfusion,bleeding,fever, leakage of urine,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and the time of patients return to normal life were compared. Results All the operations were successfully finished. There were no statistically significant difference in operation time,stone clearance rate,hemoglo-bin decrease,bleeding,blood transfusion and fever (P>0. 05),but the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,usage of analgesic drugs, leakage of urine,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and the time of patients return to normal life of the observation group were evidently lower than those of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion As partial tubeless PCNL have a great advantage on ease post-operative pain,shorten postoperative hospital stay,reduce hospitalization expenses and accelerate patients return to normal life,it is safe and effective for the treatment of upper urinary calculus,and it should be popularized and applied.

Objectives To compare the effectiveness and safety of local anesthesia and epidural anesthesia with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy at distal ureteral stone. Methods A total of 160 patients with distal ureteral stone treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy from December 2013 to February 2014 were included. They were divided equally into 2 groups by method of random sampling. Patients in group A (n=80) treated with local anesthesia were compared to those in group B(n=80),who were dealt with epidural anesthesia. Results The statistical difference was significant in terms of hospital stay after operation and overall cost of therapy(P<0. 05) respectively,on the other hand,it was not significant in respect of the operation time,the operation successful rate,the stone clearance rate and the complications incidence rate (P>0. 05)respectively. Conclusion For the identified patients,the local anesthesia in ureteral ureteroscopic pneumatic lith-otripsy is a safe,effective and economical method for distal ureteral stone.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and flexible uretero‐scope lithotripsy (FURL) for the treatment of renal calculus ≤2 cm .Methods Totally 148 patients with kidney stone ≤2 cm whom have taken operation treatment in our hospital were chosen from January 2014 to December 2014 .Among them ,81 patients were taken PCNL treatment (PCNL group) and 67 patients were taken FURL treatment (FURL group) .Clinical curative effect were compared .Results There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of stone clearance rate ,fever rate and postoperative WBC increase (P>0 .05);the operation time of PCNL group (64 .21 ± 11 .71)min was shorten than the FURL group (107 .32 ± 16 .35)min ,the postoperative hospital stay of PCNL group (6 .51 ± 1 .92)d was longer than the FURL group (3 .28 ± 1 .24)d ,the Hb decrease after operation of PCNL group (13 .31 ± 2 .71)g/L was higher than the FURL group (3 .88 ± 2 .10)g/L , the postoperative hs CRP increase of PCNL group (14 .21 ± 1 .62)mg/L was higher than the FURL group (5 .23 ± 1 .14)mg/L ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion For the treatment of renal calculus ≤2 cm ,the FURL has a great advantage on reducing postoperative complications ,decreasing the trauma of operation and shorten postoperative hospital stay .

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with male late-onset hypogon-adism and Mild-to-moderate benige prostate hyperplasia. Methods Forty-three patients diagnosed as male late-onset hypogonadism and Mild-to-moderate benige prostate hyperplasia were selected,of which 28 patients were assigned to Eleven acid testosterone (40 mg each time, after a meal,2 times per day) ,other patients were in the control group. The patients were followed for 12 months and their data about digital rectal inspection,size of the prostate,IPSS score,maximum urinary flow rate ( Qmax) ,AMS clinical symptom score,serum testosterone level, serum PSA level,RBC hematocrit ( HCT) ,and other indicators were collected. Results Twelve months After testosterone replacement thera-py,both the prostate volume of treated and control groups were not significantly changed(P>0. 05). IPSS score and maximum urinary flow rate in treatment group were improved significantly(P<0. 05),but the control group showed no statistically significant changes(P>0. 05). Baseline AMS clinical symptom score and blood testosterone level were similar between treatment and control group (P >0. 05). Twelve months after treatment,the blood testosterone level of the treatment group reached the normal range,and the AMS clinical symptom scores de-creased significantly (P<0. 05). However,none indexes of control group significantly changed after the treatment (P>0. 05). Conclusion Testosterone replacement therapy in patients with male late-onset hypogonadism and the Mild-to-moderate benige prostate hyperplasia is safe and effective.