To explore the relationship between the activity of polyol pathway and diabetic microangiopathy, the level of red blood cell sorbitol(RBCS)in 106 patients with NIDDMwas determined. The results indicated that the level of RBCS in diabetic patients was significantly increased, and was positively correlated with 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and the degree of diabetic retinopathy(DR). Besides,the value of RBCS in patients with both pro-teinuris and DR or proteinuria was markedly higher as compared with that in patients with either proteinuria or DR,and the concentration of RBCS in the patients with DR of proteinuria was also significantly higher than those wth neither proteinuria nor DR. In addition.it was also found that the value of RBCS gradually elevated with the aggravation of UAERand DR. These findings suggest that the elevation of RBCS level plays an important role in the formation and development of diabetic microangiopathy.

[Objective]To investigate the possible etiological factors,pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria,clinic characteristics and the choice of treatment of the adolescent instability of lower cervical spine.[Method]The diagnosis,therapies and follow-up materials of the two typical cases were analyzed and researched with the available literatures.[Result]The two cases showed dissappearance of syndroms.The Roentgen film showed that the operative segments have gotten bone-fuse.Results were excellent according to Henderson-evaluation classification without any complications at 3 and 4 years follow-up.[Conclusion]The degeneration is probable one of the etiological factors causing adolescent instability of lower cervical spine.It is resemble on the pathogenesis,diagnostic criteria and the choice of treatment between the adolescent and the adult.But the each characteristic on the pathogenesis,pathologic process,clinical situation should be remarked.The growth potentiality and other correlated factors should be paid attention to for the choice of treatment.

Objective To investigate the application of capillary electrophoresis by dried filter blood paper for screening of α-thalassemia in neonates .Methods The hemoglobin (Hb) of 46 718 cases of neonatal dried heel blood spots were analyzed by the capillary electrophoresis and the content of HbA ,HbF ,HbA2 and abnormal Hb were detected ,the phenotype cases which was screened positive were recalled for genetic analysis .Results A total of 2 598 cases of Bart hemoglobin (Hb Bart′s) positive were detected in 46 718 cases of neonatal heel blood dried blood spots .The screening positive rate was 5 .56% (2 598/46 718) .A total of 477 cases of α-thalassemia gene carriers were confirmed by genetic analysis in the 544 cases which were recalled .The coincidence rate of Hb Bart′s screening and genetic diagnosis was 87 .68% (477/544) .By analyzing the relationship between the clinical pheno-types and the content of Hb Bart′s ,we found the Hb Bart′s content gradually increased with the severity of clinical phenotype ,and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0 .000) .Conclusion There is a good consistency between the capillary electrophore-sis of dried filter blood paper and the genetic analysis .It could be determined α-thalassemia clinical type according to the Hb Bart′s content .

Objective To investigate the effects of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 nm) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),nerve growth factor (NGF) and Chemerin expressions in retina of early stage diabetic rats.Methods A total of 40 Brown Norway rats were treated with streptozocin (65 mg · kg-1) to establish the diabetic model.20 diabetic BN rats' right eyes were received subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 run) therapy after 2 weeks.The left eyes were used as control group.At 3 days,7 days,14 days,28 days after laser therapy,5 BN rats were randomly chosen to perform RT-PCR and Weston-blot.The expressions of mRNA and protein of VEGF,NGF and Chemerin were analyzed.Results The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein increased in control group at 3 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,VEGF mRNA and protein decreased in the subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 nm) group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of NGF mRNA and protein decreased in the control group at 3 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days (all P ＜ 0.05),however,the difference was not statistically significant between 3 days and 7 days(P ＞0.05).Compared with control group,NGF mRNA and protein increased in the subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 nm) group (all P ＜ 0.05),with maximum expression at 14 days.The expression of chemerin mRNA and protein increased at 3 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days in the control group (all P ＜0.05).Compared with the control group,chemerin mRNA and protein decreased in the subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 urn) group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577 urn) can suppress VEGF,Chemerin expression and upregulate NGF expression in early stage diabetic rats.

Background Intraorbital implantation of coralline porous hydroxyapatite (CHA) is a favorable cosmetic method after enucleation.However,the low degree of vascularizatiou in implant results in implant infection and exposure.Studies showed that a collagen composite sponge treated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/ collagen composite sponge) can promote angiogenesis.However,whether bFGF/collagen composite sponge improves the vascularization of CHA implants is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the accelerating effect of bFGF collagen composite sponge on vascularization of orbital implant made of CHA using 99Tcm-methylene diphosphate (MDP) scan.Methods Forty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups.Evisceration of eyeball was performed on the left eyes of rabbits,and naked CHA,collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA and bFGF/collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA were implanted into the orbit respectively in 3 groups.99Tcm-MDP of 3 mCi was injected in the rabbits via ear vein in 2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks,and the vascular enhancement intensity on implants was observed 3 hours after injection.The ratio of average radioactive count from the area of interest with the same size between the left eyes and the right eyes was calculated.The implants were extracted for histopathological examination in the 12 weeks.Results As the lapse of postoperative time,the inflammation response gradually disappeared and no exposure of implants was seen during the 12-week duration.A similar vascular development strength was found in the area of interest among the 3 groups 2 weeks after surgery.However,the vascular development was significantly enhanced in the left eyes compared the right eyes from 4 to 6 weeks,with the highest intensity in the 8th week in the naked CHA group and collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group.In the bFGF/ collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group,the strongest image was in the 6th week after operation.The ratios of average radioactive count between the left eyes and the right eyes were significantly higher in the bFGF/collagen somposite sponge wrapped CHA group compared with the naked CHA group and collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group (all at P＜0.05),and ratios of average radioactive count of the collagen composite sponge wrapped CHA group was significantly higher than that of the naked CHA group (all at P＜0.05).New blood vessels ingrowed toward the center of the implants through the coralline porous under the optical microscope.Conclusions Both bFGF (20 μg)/collagen composite sponge and collagen composite sponge can accelerate the ingrowth of vessel in the CHA,but the promoting effect of bFGF collagen composite sponge is prominent.

Objective:To make an assessment on the genotoxicity caused by black carbon ( BC ) and ozonized black carbon (O3-BC).Methods: In this study, 74 healthy male ICR mice [weighed (28 ± 1.5) g] were randomly divided into 7 groups, including one phosphate buffer solution ( PBS) control group and six particles exposed groups by intratracheal instillation with either BC or O 3-BC at the doses of 50, 100, 200 μg/mouse, respectively.There were 12 mice in the groups of 200μg/mouse and 10 mice in others.The mice were sacrificed 24 h after four intratrachealinstillations .The activities of catalase ( CAT) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA) in lung tissue homogenate were measured . As the DNA damage mark , 8-hydroxyguanosine ( 8-OHdG ) in urine and serum were quantified with ELISA method.Micronucleus test was used for potential genotoxicity of BC and O 3-BC.Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to stain lung paraffin section .Results:The mice were in good condition during instillation , and the liver coefficient of the test groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).The activities of CAT in serum significantly increased in the 100 μg/mouse and 200μg/mouse groups after being exposed to these two kinds of particles .The micronucleus rate in allthe BC and O3-BC exposed groups increased ( P <0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups in the levels of 8-OHdG in serum and urine and MDA in lung tissue homogenate .In-flammatory response was found in the lung tissue under the microscope after exposure to BC and O 3-BC. Conclusion:Intratracheal instillation of BC and O 3-BC induced increasing of oxidative stress and genetic damage in mice .But there was no significant difference between these two particles in toxicity .Whether the genotoxicity of O 3-BC is higher than that of BC or not is uncertain .Further research is needed .

AIM: To assess the degree of oxidative damage during acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion, and to clarify the protective effect of Tongxinluo in mini-swine model. METHODS: Thirty mini-swines were randomized into 5 study groups: sham group, model group, low dose (0.05 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), medium dose (0.2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and high dose (0.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) of Tongxinluo groups (pretreated with Tongxinluo for 3 d). Animals except in sham group were subjected to 3 h of coronary occlusion followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Concentrations of total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood sample and the myocardium were measured. RESULTS: (1) T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH in serum significantly decreased (all P<0.05), while MDA significantly increased (P<0.01) at 3 h after AMI in comparison with those at baseline. Compared to those at 3 h after AMI, the contents of T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH at 1 h after reperfusion significantly decreased (all P<0.01), accompanied by increase of MDA (P<0.01). (2) Compared to those in normal area, levels of T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH in reperfusion myocardium decreased significantly (all P<0.01) and MDA increased significantly (P<0.01). T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH in no-reflow myocardium further decreased (all P<0.01) and MDA increased (P<0.01) as compared to those in reperfusion myocardium. (3) Compared to model group, medium dose of Tongxinluo increased the contents of T-AOC and T-SOD and reduced MDA production in serum at 3 h after AMI (all P<0.05), while medium dose of Tongxinluo increased T-SOD level at 1 h after reperfusion (P<0.05). High dose of Tongxinluo increased the levels of T-AOC and T-SOD and decreased MDA content in serum at 3 h after AMI and 1 h after reperfusion (all P<0.05). (4) The medium dose of Tongxinluo increased T-AOC content (P<0.05) and reduced MDA (P<0.05) in reperfusion myocardium, while high dose of Tongxinluo increased T-AOC, T-SOD and GSH (all P<0.05), reduced MDA (P<0.01) in reperfusion myocardium, and also increased T-AOC, T-SOD (all P<0.05), reduced MDA (P<0.01) in no-reflow area as compared to those in model group. CONCLUSION: Impairment of antioxidant defense system in vivo and imbalance of redox homeostasis in myocardium region might play an important role in the pathogenesis of no-reflow after myocardial acute infarction following reperfusion. Tongxinluo protects myocardium from reperfusion injury by improving antioxidant defense and attenuating oxidative damage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between level of Th17/CD4+T cell ratio in peripheral blood and postoperative complications in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

METHODSFifty-one patients with HBV-related cirrhosis who received OLT were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to measure the proportion of Th17 cells to CD4+T cells at the following time points:pre-OLT, and post-OLT days 7, 14 and 21. The relevant hepatic biochemistry indexes, serum concentration of FK506 and level of procalcitonin (PCT) were detected for all patients after OLT.

RESULTSThe transplant recipients were divided into four groups according to the postoperative complication, which included acute rejection (AR, n=12), postoperative infection (POI, n=10), transient intrahepatic cholestasis (TIHC, n=12) and no complications (n=17). The Th17/CD4+T cell frequencies were notably higher in the AR patients after OLT (vs. before OLT, P less than 0.01) and this increase was positively correlated with rejection activity index (RAI; r=0.759, P=0.004). Up to post-OLT day 14, the frequencies of Th1 7/CD4+T cells in the POI group were similar to those of the AR group but they decreased to near-baseline level at post-OLT day 21.Furthermore, the percentage of Th17/CD4+T cells in the POI group was positively correlated with PCT (r=0.768, P=0.010). The frequencies of Th17/CD4+T cells in the TIHC and no complications groups showed a slowly decreasing trend after OLT and became markedly lower than the before OLT levels (P<0.01). The concentration of FK506 in the AR group was significantly lower than that in the other groups at post-OLT day 14 (P=0.000).

CONCLUSIONSTh17/CD4+T cell level in peripheral blood might be a useful marker for risk assessment and monitoring of OLT postoperative complications, such as acute rejection and postoperative infection, in the early stage, and might help to improve patient prognosis by allowing for timely application of anti-rejection and antibacterial agents.

Calcitonin ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Transplantation ; Postoperative Complications ; Protein Precursors ; Th17 Cells

Objective To characterize the whole-sequence of plasmid pB557-NDM isolate from Enterbacter cloacae and elaborate its antibiotic-resistant mechanisms .Methods Antibiotic resistance genes were determined by PCR , followed by amplicon sequencing .The activity of class A/B/D carbapenemases was determined by modified Carba NP test .Conjugation experiments were performed to verify the transferability of plasmid pB 557-NDM.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of bacterial strains were tested using VITEK 2.The genetic structure, mobile elements and antibiotic-resistant mechanisms of transferable plasmid pB 557-NDM were determined by a whole genome sequencing method .Results The modified CarbaNP test showed that B557 and B557-EC600 had class B carbapenemase activity , and that the blaNDM was carried by plasmid pB557-NDM.This plasmid could be transferred into E.coli through conjugation experiments and therefore could confer corresponding antibiotic resistances to the transconjugant B 557-EC600.Plasmid pB557-NDM was an IncA/C2 plasmid, whose total length was 141.65 kb, and the GenBank accession number was KX786648.It had two inserted regions.One was the blaCMY-6 region where the blaCMY gene was carried by a transposition unit IS Ecp1-blaCMY , the other was the blaNDM-1 region which consisted of a ΔTn1696-In46-rmtC-ISKpn14-ΔTn125 complex structure.Conclusion The production of plasmid pB557-NDM in strain B557 contributes most to its high resistance to many antibiotics .The blaNDM-1 gene is carried in a trancated transposition ΔTn125.

Objective To explore the prognosis and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD) accompanied by AF after transcatheter closure of ASD. Methods During the period from July 2010 to May 2013, a total of 24 patients with ASD accompanied by AF were admitted to authors’ hospital to receive transcatheter closure of ASD. Electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray film and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were performed before and one day after the operation. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone or at out-patient clinic interview. Results Successful occlusion of ASD was obtained in all patients, and in no patient the AF rhythm turned to sinus rhythm after the procedure. In one patient preoperative AF turned to postoperative atrial flutter, and AF recurred in one case who had received transcatheter ablation of AF before the procedure. One female patient developed gastric bleeding during the course of orally taking warfarin, and she died of cerebral infarction at three days after ceasing the use of warfarin. Of the 24 patients, no anticoagulant drug was used in 5 (20.8%), oral administration of aspirin was given in 7 (29.2%), and oral medication of warfarin was employed only in 11 (45.8%). Conclusion The spontaneous conversion rate of AF is very low in patients with ASD complicated by AF after transcatheter closure of ASD. Postoperative medication of anticoagulation should be strictly standardized and carefully managed.