Anelectrochemicallyreducedgrapheneoxide/goldnanoparticle-chitosan(ERGO/AuNP-CS) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode ( GCE) was constructed by directly electrochemical reduction of GO, and then assembly of AuNP-CS polycation on the surface. The surface morphologies of different modified electrodes including bare GCE, GCE/GO, GCE/ERGO and GCE/ERGO/AuNP-CS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) . The differential pulse voltammetric behaviors of the electrodes were investigated, and the results indicated that the composite of ERGO/AuNP-CS exhibited excellent electrocatalytic oxidation activity to uric acid ( UA) molecule. In 0. 10 mol/L of phosphate buffer solution (pH=6. 5) with a scanning rate of 100 mV/s, the proposed composite film modified electrode showed a linear electrochemical response to UA in the range of 0 . 05-110 μmol/L with a detection limit of 12. 4 nmol/L ( S/N = 3 ). The electrode displayed good selectivity, reproducibility and stability in the determination of UA in human serum and urine samples with a recovery of 93 . 8%-104 . 1%. The detection results were agreed with those of conventional spectrophotometry and uricase Kit methods.

Objective To observe the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxy-genase(IDO) in hippocampus of rats with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the protective effect of IDO inhibitor on neurons,and to explore the role of IDO in the pathogenesis of PTSD.Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,PTSD model group and IDO inhibitor treatment group.The expression of IDO was detected by immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR and Western-blot.The apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons was assayed by Tunel staining.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by ELISA.Moreover behavioral evaluation was performed,including central residence time,percentage of open arm residence time and stage latency.Results Comparing with the control group,PTSD rats showed decreased central residence time ((22.65± 1.54)s),decreased percentage of open arm residence time((10.55± 1.96) ％),prolonged stage latency ((56.38±4.21) s) (P＜0.05),increased TNF-α ((8.58±0.6) pg/ml),IL-6 ((15.72±1.42) pg/ml) and IDO mRNA (0.8278±0.0796),increased IDO protein (1.2329±0.1148) expression and apoptosis rate ((81.47± 6.86) ％) in hippocampus (P＜ 0.05) (P＜ 0.05).However,rats treated with IDO inhibitor showed increased central residence time((30.78±3.20) s),increased percentage of open arm residence time ((10.55± 1.96)％),shortened stage latency ((56.38 4.21) s),meanwhile reduced expression of TNF-α((3.69±0.41) pg/ml),IL-6((7.45±0.58) pg/ml),IDO mRNA(0.2236 ±0.0387) and IDO protein(0.4235±0.0411) was detected in hippocampus(P＜0.05).Apoptosis rate ((42.54± 3.98)％) was also decreased in hippocampus(P＜0.05).Conclusion The content of TNF-α,IL-6 and IDO are increased significantly in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.IDO may participate in the pathogenesis of PTSD,and the IDO inhibitor may play a neuroprotective role in hippocampus of PTSD.

Objective To observe the imaging features of primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) on MRI and PET, and to assess the value of MRI combined with PET for PLB. Methods Sixteen patients with pathologically confirmed PLB were collected, and the MRI and PET appearances were analyzed retrospectively. Results Single bone infiltration was detected in 15 patients (5 in femurs, 3 in vertebro, 3 in right iliums, 2 in tibias, 1 in radius and 1 in maxillae), while multiple bones infiltration were noticed in 1 patient (lesion located in manubrium sterni and the 7th right rib). MRI demonstrated heterogeneous focal-lamellar or diffuse signal intensity within marrow, isointense or hypointense on T1WI and slightly hyperintense on T2WI with homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement. Severe soft tissue mass was seen in all 16 patients, the range of soft tissue mass was larger than osseous lesion in 15 patients and equal to osseous lesion in 1. Most PLB were homogeneous isointense or slightly hypointense on T1WI and homogeneous or heterogeneous slight-hyperintense on T2WI with slightly or moderately homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement, while in 3 patients showed single vertebral compression fracture with local epidural- and/or paravertebral-soft tissue, and the range of soft tissue larger than the pathologic vertebrae. PET was performed before operation in 13 patients, showing local increasement of glycometabolism and uptake of radioactive nuclide without abnormality for other sites. For three patients of primary lymphoma of vertebrae underwent PET after operation, and recurrence was detected in 1 patient after 2 months. Conclusion Large soft mass with small osseous destruction and relatively hypointensity on T2WI is somehow characteristic for PLB. PET features of PLB are not specific, but has some advantages in determining the nature of lesion, differentiating lesions and follow-up after operation. MRI combined with PET is an appropriate imaging method for PLB.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologieal characteristics of the pre-hospital care cases in Shanghai in the year 2007. Method Based the demographic records in the year 2007, the cases which from the database of Shanghai pre-hospital care center with full items were analyzed. Chi-square test and exact probabilities were used to compete the consfituent ratio; and the method of circular distribution was used to calculate the peak time, date and month. Results There were 86 815 patients with pre-hospital care well documented from the ur-ban districts of Shanghai. The ratio of male to female was 3.89: 1. The senile patients accounted for 84.95% of all the pre-hospital care ones. The major causes of disease in patients with pre-hospital care were trauma, eere-brovascular disease,cardiac diseases, coma, high fever, tumor emergency, acute abodomen emergency,OB/GYN emergency and upper G1 tract bleeding in turn. During the daytime, the occurrence of those emergency patients with pre-hospital care usually peaked at 2:15 o' clock with the high frequency in the period of 5:45 to 17:45 o' clock.The top nine diseases had their own peak time and high frequency period, respectively. Within a year, no peak date occurrence of patients with prehospital care, in tolal, was found. Howerer, the occurrence of patients with high fever, acute abdomen and upper GI bleeding had specific peak dates within a year, respectively. Conclusioes The pre-hospital care eases in the urban of Shanghai have own epidemiologieal characteristics. Perfect the construc-tion of pre-hospital emergency care system, improving the professional training, and thereby meeting the require-ments are factors in the fundamental guarantee of improving the rescue full success rate of severe patients.

Objective:To explore the price formation method and price standard in the big data diagnosis-intervention packet.Methods:The expenditure data and income data of 95 medical institutions in Shanghai in 2018 were used for analysis, including 33 municipal hospitals and 62 district hospitals. After using the standardized data of disease score, the medical institutions in the region were divided into four quadrants with the regional average of unit price per index and cost per index as the coordinate axis. The best quadrant of income and cost was found out, namely the high quality range. The geometric center was calculated in the high quality range, and the unit price per index of the geometric center was taken as the cost standard.Results:For the district hospitals, there were 20 hospitals in the first quadrant, 8 in the second quadrant, 24 in the third quadrant and 10 in the fourth quadrant; For the municipal hospitals, there were 7 hospitals in the first quadrant, 5 in the second quadrant, 12 in the third quadrant and 9 in the fourth quadrant. In the third quadrant, the average income and cost of medical institutions were lower than the average of the city, and the income could cover the cost. The third quadrant was the high quality range. The unit price per index of the third quadrant geometric center of district hospitals was 14 115.4 yuan, and that in municipal hospitals was 15 559.1 yuan, which could be used as the corresponding cost standard.Conclusions:The price discovery mechanism based on objective data and high-quality interval geometric center method can remove the impact of unreasonable charges or unreasonable behavior on medical income, and reflect the guidance of the standard price of medical insurance payment.

Objective:To investigate the hemodynamic changes in the ascending aorta (AAo) before and after interventricular septal myocardial resection in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) using cardiac magnetic resonance four-dimensional blood flow (CMR 4D Flow) technology.Methods:HOCM patients who underwent interventricular septal myocardial resection at Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2021 to September 2022 were prospectively included. Age and gender matched healthy volunteers (control group) were included during the same period. Both the control group and HOCM patients underwent CMR examination (including cine sequence and 4D Flow sequence) before and 6 months after surgery. CMR 4D flow technology was used to evaluate changes in AAo preoperative and postoperative blood flow patterns (eddy currents, spiral flow), maximum energy loss (EL max), and average energy loss (EL avg). HOCM patients underwent laboratory tests, including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-pro BNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT). At the same time, the correlation between postoperative energy loss in HOCM patients and the degree of improvement in laboratory biomarkers was explored. Results:A total of 15 HOCM patients and 15 healthy volunteers were included. (1) In terms of blood flow patterns, the preoperative spiral flow degree of HOCM patients was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P=0.001), but the postoperative difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.059). The degree of eddy currents in HOCM patients before and after surgery was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). (2) In terms of energy loss, the preoperative EL max [21.17(14.30-28.10)mW vs 10.17(7.66-13.07)mW, P<0.001] and EL avg [4.87(3.46-5.77)mW vs 2.27(2.19-2.27)mW, P=0.023] of HOCM patients were higher than those of the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the postoperative and control groups (all P>0.05). Compared with preoperative, the postoperative EL max [12.33(8.70-17.41)mW] and EL avg [3.10(2.25-4.40)mW] of AAo in HOCM patients were significantly reduced (mean P=0.001). (3) Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation ( r=0.587, P=0.021) between the EL max of AAo and the degree of improvement in hsTNT after interventricular septum myocardial resection, but no significant correlation ( r=0.229, P=0.413) with the degree of improvement in NT-pro BNP. Conclusions:The degree of postoperative AAo blood flow disorder in HOCM patients is reduced, and EL max and EL avg are significantly reduced. The EL max of postoperative AAo is positively correlated with the degree of improvement in hsTNT, suggesting that EL max may be applicable for prognostic evaluation of patients.

Objective To explore the predictive value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) secondary to mild,moderate craniocerebral injury.Methods Seventy-six patients with mild,moderate craniocerebral injury,admitted to our hospital from March 19,2014 to September 1,2015,were chosen in our study;16 of them had secondary MCI during follow up (experimental group) and 60 did not show cognitive dysfunction (control group).Their clinical data between the two groups were compared.The predictive value of different NSE levels for secondary MCI was analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk of secondary MCI in patients with different NSE levels.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores in cognitive level of secondary MCI patients.Results (1) There were significant differences in age,salvage time,proportion of hypertension,ratio of skull fracture,injury severity scale (ISS) scores and total cholesterol (TC) between the experimental group and control group (P＜0.05).(2) A lowest quartile group,second quartile group,third quartile group and highest quartile group were divided using NSE levels as independent variables (9.31 ng/mL-12.08 ng/mL,12.09 ng/mL-15.68 ng/mL,15.69 ng/mL-19.65 ng/mL and 19.66 ng/mL-23.47 ng/mL);following the increase of NSE levels,the age,salvage time,proportion of hypertension,and ISS scores were significantly increased (P＜0.05);Single-factor and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of secondary MCI in the highest quartile group was 1.42 and 1.21 folds,respectively,as compared with that in the lowest quartile group.(3) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that baseline NSE level,age,salvage time,and ISS scores were the nfluence factors of MMSE scores in patients with secondary MCI;when the NSE content increased 1 ng/mL,MMSE decreased 0.369 points.Conclusion NSE level in patients with traumatic brain injury is an independent risk factor for secondary MCI,and its level is significantly associated with cognitive impairment.

Objective To investigate the application value of CT perfusion (CTP) imaging for the revascularization treatment in adult patients with Moyamoya disease.Methods Adult patients with Moyamoya disease underwent revascularization in the Department of Neurosurgery,Wuhan No.1 Hospital from July 2009 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.CTP and clinical evaluation were performed before and after 3-6 months of procedure.The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the functional outcomes.Results A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study,including 9 females and 11 males,aged 29 to 73 years,with an average of 53.5 years.The initial symptom was ischemic stroke in 10 patients,transient isehemic attack in 7 patients,and hemorrhagic stroke in 3 patients.All patients underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting plus encephalomyo-synangiosis under general anesthesia.All patients have different degrees of improvement in cerebral blood flow after procedure,and the CTP parameters were significantly improved compared with those before procedure (all P ＜0.05).The clinical symptoms were significantly improved in 3 cases (15％) and recovered in 13 cases (65％) at 6 months after procedure.The proportion of the mRS score 0-2 was significantly higher than that before procedure (90.0％ [18/20] 对 50.0％ [10/20];x2 =7.619,P =0.006).Conclusion CTP can evaluate the cerebral perfusion status in various vascular areas through hemodynamic parameters in early stage,which can effectively guide the operation mode of Moyamoya disease,and evaluate the changes of cerebral perfusion status after procedure as a means of follow-up of the disease.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment programs and prognosis of patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in cavernous sinus.Methods:The clinical data of a patient with primary DLBCL in cavernous sinus who were admitted to Wuhan No.1 Hospital in December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a 63-year-old female who underwent resection of the cavernous sinus lesion, and the pathological diagnosis was DLBCL. The patient received 6 courses of R-CHOP regimen chemotherapy, lumbar puncture + intrathecal injection of chemotherapy drugs, and twice additional rituximab immunochemotherapy, and no tumor cells were found in the results of liquid-based thin layer cytology for cerebrospinal fluid exfoliated cells; twice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) re-examination after the operation showed no recurrence and adjacent metastasis of the tumor. The patient's symptoms were significantly improved without residual neurological sequelae.Conclusions:Primary DLBCL in cavernous sinus is rare in clinical practice, early diagnosis is crucial for the prognosis of patients, and different protein expression may indicate the prognosis. Biopsy, complete resection of the tumor under the premise of preserving important anatomical structures and functions, and standardized chemotherapy combined with intrathecal injection local chemotherapy can effectively prolong the survival time of patients and improve the quality of life.

Medical insurance payment model is transforming from project-based purchases to service bundle-based strategic purchases. The new form of bundled purchases should found on a scientifically-led design process of such bundles. The core to bundled purchase would be the payment standard, and the key to its success would be process control. Establishment of such a foundation, a core, and a key, would promote the current price standards, and lead service providers to a standardized medical service standard, so as to ensure a precise rewarding system of payment and service. The big data diagnosis-intervention packet(DIP)is able to fulfill mentioned ambitions by integrating insurance payment and supervision into one management. DIP is a full-process payment mode that encompasses pre-service estimation, in-service process control, post-service grading, and resource allocation. It is an innovative practice in line with China′s national conditions for the modern governance of medical security and medical services.