Objective To analyze the expression of SPAG5 in gastric cancer tissues and its regulatory roles in gastric cancer cell growth.Methods TCGA analysis,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the expression patterns of SPAG5 and MKi67 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues.In gastric cancer AGS and MGC803 cells,the effects of lentivirus-mediated SPAG5 knockdown on cell growth and apoptosis were evaluated using Celigo,MTT,clone formation assays and flow cytometry.Results Proteinatlas and TCGA database analysis suggested that SPAG5 was highly expressed in gastric cancer,and Kaplan-Meier analysis and GEPIA analysis showed high expressions of SPAG 5 in lung adenocarcinoma,breast cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,pancreatic carcinoma,cervical cancer and bladder carcinoma.Immunohistochemistry revealed that SPAG5 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues(P<0.001),and immunofluorescence colocalization analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between SPAG5 and MKI67(R=0.393,P<0.001).RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that SPAG5 was highly expressed in MKN74,BGC823,MGC803,SGC7901 and AGS cells.In AGS and MGC803 cells,SPAG5 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis.Conclusions The expressions of SPAG5 and MKi67 are correlated in gastric cancer tissues,and SPAG5 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.SPAG5 is associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and may serve as a promising biomarker for gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common tumors and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Due to the lack of specific signs in early GC,most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage,often accompanied by infiltration and distant metastasis.Although chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for gastric cancer,due to the emergence of drug resistance,many patients will still relapse after chemo-therapy,resulting in poor prognosis.Exosome(EXOs)in the Tumor micro environment(TME)can participate in intercellular communication and play an important role in GC distant metastasis and drug resistance.At present,the detailed mechanism of GC distant metastasis and drug resistance is still unclear.Identifying the exosome-induced mechanism involved in GC distant metastasis and drug resistance can help us find more reliable treatment methods for GC metastasis and drug resistance.This article reviews the mechanism of exosome in GC distant metastasis and drug resistance,in order to provide help for the diagnosis,treatment and research of GC.

Objective To analyze the expression of SPAG5 in gastric cancer tissues and its regulatory roles in gastric cancer cell growth.Methods TCGA analysis,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the expression patterns of SPAG5 and MKi67 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues.In gastric cancer AGS and MGC803 cells,the effects of lentivirus-mediated SPAG5 knockdown on cell growth and apoptosis were evaluated using Celigo,MTT,clone formation assays and flow cytometry.Results Proteinatlas and TCGA database analysis suggested that SPAG5 was highly expressed in gastric cancer,and Kaplan-Meier analysis and GEPIA analysis showed high expressions of SPAG 5 in lung adenocarcinoma,breast cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,pancreatic carcinoma,cervical cancer and bladder carcinoma.Immunohistochemistry revealed that SPAG5 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues(P<0.001),and immunofluorescence colocalization analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between SPAG5 and MKI67(R=0.393,P<0.001).RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that SPAG5 was highly expressed in MKN74,BGC823,MGC803,SGC7901 and AGS cells.In AGS and MGC803 cells,SPAG5 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis.Conclusions The expressions of SPAG5 and MKi67 are correlated in gastric cancer tissues,and SPAG5 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.SPAG5 is associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and may serve as a promising biomarker for gastric cancer.

Objective:Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in children and adolescents,with a poor prognosis.Anchorage-dependent cell death(anoikis)has been proven to be indispensable in tumor metastasis,regulating the migration and adhesion of tumor cells at the primary site.However,as a type of programmed cell death,anoikis is rarely studied in osteosarcoma,especially in the tumor immune microenvironment.This study aims to clarify prognostic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Methods:Anoikis-related genes(ANRGs)were obtained from GeneCards.Clinical information and ANRGs expression profiles of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective therapies and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases.ANRGs highly associated with tumor immune microenvironment were identified by the estimate package and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)algorithm.Machine learning algorithms were performed to construct long-term survival predictive strategy,each sample was divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups,which was further verified in the GEO cohort.Finally,based on single-cell RNA-seq from the GEO database,analysis was done on the function of signature genes in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment. Results:A total of 51 hub ANRGs closely associated with the tumor microenvironment were identified,from which 3 genes(MERTK,BNIP3,S100A8)were selected to construct the prognostic model.Significant differences in immune cell activation and immune-related signaling pathways were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on tumor microenvironment analysis(all P<0.05).Additionally,characteristic genes within the osteosarcoma microenvironment were identified in regulation of intercellular crosstalk through the GAS6-MERTK signaling pathway. Conclusion:The prognostic model based on ANRGs and tumor microenvironment demonstrate good predictive power and provide more personalized treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Houpu Sanwu decoction on subcutaneous tumors in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Mouse colorectal cancer MC-38 cells were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6J mice to establish a subcutaneous tumor model of colorectal cancer.The model mice were then divided randomly into model control,Houpu Sanwu decoction(HPSWD)low dose,HPSWD medium dose,HPSWD high dose,5-fluorouracil(5-FU),and combination groups(5-FU+HPSWD medium dose)(n=6 mice per group).The mice were treated with normal saline and Houpu Sanwu decoction by gavage,or normal saline and 5-FU by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 24 consecutive days.During the intervention period,the mental state,diet,and other general conditions of the mice,as well as changes in tumor volume,were monitored regularly.At the end of the experiment,the subcutaneous tumors in each group were removed and weighed,and pathological features were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Transmission electron microscopy,Western blot,and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to identify exosomes derived from colorectal cancer tissues.Tumor mRNA and protein expression levels of Rab27a and the exosome markers CD63,TSG101,and ALIX were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results Houpu Sanwu decoction inhibited tumor growth in mice.Tumor growth was inhibited to varying degrees in all the HPSWD dose groups and in the combination group.The HPSWD medium does group showed the greatest anticancer effect,and the combination group showed a synergistic effect with 5-FU.Houpu Sanwu decoction induced tumor necrosis in a dose-dependent manner,with a similar anticancer effect to 5-FU.Houpu Sanwu decoction also inhibited the protein and mRNA expression levels of Rab27a and the exosome-specific markers CD63,ALIX,and TSG101 in mice.Conclusions Houpu Sanwu decoction inhibits tumor growth and the secretion of exosomes,possibly by regulating Rab27a.

Hypoxia is an important basic feature of the solid tumor microenvironment. With the deepening of the research on the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the expression and function of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in RCC have attracted more and more attention. The hypoxia signal pathway has become a research hotspot of tumor and other diseases in recent years. This article reviews the current understanding of hypoxia signal pathway, its correlation with the occurrence and development of RCC, and the application prospect of HIF inhibitors, in order to guide the precise treatment of clinical RCC.

Objective:To explore the effect of Dachengqi Decoction and enteral nutrition on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:From September 2018 to September 2019, 100 patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects, and were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, each group contained 50 cases. Among them, the control group was given routine diet before operation to provide pre adaptation of enteral nutrient solution; the observation group was added with Dachengqi Decoction on the basis of routine diet. The recovery of gastrointestinal function, plasma motilin (MTL), serum gastrin (GAS) and gastrointestinal complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:There were 3 cases of abdominal distention and diarrhea in the control group, 1 case of diarrhea and 1 case of nausea and vomiting in the control group. The total incidence of gastrointestinal complications was 16% (8/50). There was 1 case of abdominal distention and 1 case of diarrhea in the observation group, and the total incidence of gastrointestinal complications was 4%(2/50). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 4.000, P<0.05). In the observation group, the time of first bowel sounds, exhaust time and defecation time were (26.12 ± 5.32) h, (25.49 ± 4.49) h, (32.63 ± 4.31) h, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group (32.24 ± 6.41) h, (46.74 ± 6.14) h, (49.51 ± 6.28) h, and the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 5.195, 19.754, 15.671, P<0.05). The plasma MTL and serum gas in the observation group were (346.54 ± 18.58) ng/L, (123.44 ± 6.19) ng/L. After operation, the results were (247.24 ± 11.40) ng/L, (85.46 ± 5.12) ng/L. The difference was statistically significant ( t value was 97.793, 250.990, P<0.05). The plasma MTL and serum gas of the control group before operation were (344.63±16.65) ng/L and (122.53 ± 6.35) ng/L respectively. After operation, the results were (205.84±10.21)ng/L, (64.79±5.24) ng/L. The difference was statistically significant ( t value was 152.390, 367.823, P<0.05). The levels of plasma MTL and serum gas in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t value was 19.129, 19.95, P<0.05). Conclusions:The modified Dachengqi Decoction and the pre adaptation of enteral nutrition solution are helpful to reduce the occurrence of various gastrointestinal complications after gastric cancer operation and promote the rapid recovery of gastrointestinal function, which may be related to the promotion of the secretion of MTL and gas.

In most non-excited cells, voltage-gated T-type calcium channels present three properties of activation, inactivation and slow inactivation, thus contribute to cellular calcium signaling and membrane potential. By which T-type calcium channels play an important role in many cancer cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Inhibiting T-type calcium channels by drugs or genetic tools can change the related cellular currents and the intracellular Ca 2+ , thereby regulating the biological tumorigenesis. This article reviews the electrophysiological of T-type calcium channels during tumor progression, aims to provide a scientific basis for the study and treatment in cancer.

Objective To investigate the application value of CT perfusion (CTP) imaging for the revascularization treatment in adult patients with Moyamoya disease.Methods Adult patients with Moyamoya disease underwent revascularization in the Department of Neurosurgery,Wuhan No.1 Hospital from July 2009 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.CTP and clinical evaluation were performed before and after 3-6 months of procedure.The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the functional outcomes.Results A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study,including 9 females and 11 males,aged 29 to 73 years,with an average of 53.5 years.The initial symptom was ischemic stroke in 10 patients,transient isehemic attack in 7 patients,and hemorrhagic stroke in 3 patients.All patients underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting plus encephalomyo-synangiosis under general anesthesia.All patients have different degrees of improvement in cerebral blood flow after procedure,and the CTP parameters were significantly improved compared with those before procedure (all P ＜0.05).The clinical symptoms were significantly improved in 3 cases (15％) and recovered in 13 cases (65％) at 6 months after procedure.The proportion of the mRS score 0-2 was significantly higher than that before procedure (90.0％ [18/20] 对 50.0％ [10/20];x2 =7.619,P =0.006).Conclusion CTP can evaluate the cerebral perfusion status in various vascular areas through hemodynamic parameters in early stage,which can effectively guide the operation mode of Moyamoya disease,and evaluate the changes of cerebral perfusion status after procedure as a means of follow-up of the disease.

Objective To explore the predictive value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) secondary to mild,moderate craniocerebral injury.Methods Seventy-six patients with mild,moderate craniocerebral injury,admitted to our hospital from March 19,2014 to September 1,2015,were chosen in our study;16 of them had secondary MCI during follow up (experimental group) and 60 did not show cognitive dysfunction (control group).Their clinical data between the two groups were compared.The predictive value of different NSE levels for secondary MCI was analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk of secondary MCI in patients with different NSE levels.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores in cognitive level of secondary MCI patients.Results (1) There were significant differences in age,salvage time,proportion of hypertension,ratio of skull fracture,injury severity scale (ISS) scores and total cholesterol (TC) between the experimental group and control group (P＜0.05).(2) A lowest quartile group,second quartile group,third quartile group and highest quartile group were divided using NSE levels as independent variables (9.31 ng/mL-12.08 ng/mL,12.09 ng/mL-15.68 ng/mL,15.69 ng/mL-19.65 ng/mL and 19.66 ng/mL-23.47 ng/mL);following the increase of NSE levels,the age,salvage time,proportion of hypertension,and ISS scores were significantly increased (P＜0.05);Single-factor and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of secondary MCI in the highest quartile group was 1.42 and 1.21 folds,respectively,as compared with that in the lowest quartile group.(3) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that baseline NSE level,age,salvage time,and ISS scores were the nfluence factors of MMSE scores in patients with secondary MCI;when the NSE content increased 1 ng/mL,MMSE decreased 0.369 points.Conclusion NSE level in patients with traumatic brain injury is an independent risk factor for secondary MCI,and its level is significantly associated with cognitive impairment.