The splenic arteries of 110 Chinese cadavers and 65 dogs were observed with methods nf gross dissection, angiography (suspension of red lead oxide (Pb_3O_4) as the contrasr meduim) and corrosive cast (Polychloroethylene). The ramifications of the splenic artery and their relation to the splenic lobes and segments were studied. The results were outlined as follows:1. There are three patterns of splenic artery ramifications in human: Type Ⅰ, biramification(89%); Type Ⅱ, triramification(8%); and Type Ⅲ, polyramification(3%).2. In type Ⅰ, most of the splenic arteries divide into a superior and an inferior splenic lodar arteries. Most of the superior splenic lobar arteries subdivide into the superior and mid-superior segmental arteries and the inferior splenic lobar artery subdivides into the mid-inferior and inferior segmental arteries.3. All of the splenic arteries of the dogs we studied may divide into two splenic lobar arteries and each lobar artery further divides into two segmental arteries without exception.4. Between the lobar or segmental arteries there are zones poorly vascularized.5. Based on the anatomic observations we had performed experimental partial splenectomies on 15 dogs. All of the dogs survived the operation and their wound made on the spleen healed up very well.

Polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the whole HBV CP region from the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and then the PCR products were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Clones were randomly selected to be sequenced and the selected clones were compared to look for the difference.The sequencing results suggested that each sequence of selected clones was different and there were HBV quasispecies groups in patients. There were hot deletion region and point mutation near the TATA like box of CP gene. To address whether the mutations were responsible for the transcriptional activity, the wild type(wt) and the mutants of HBV CP genes were subcloned into pcDNA3 1( ) vectors, respectively. The reverse oriented clones were digested with KpnI and XhoI, and cloned into the KpnI and XhoI sites of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expressing vector (pCAT3 basic).The recombinant CAT plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells using lipofectamine PLUS reagent, and the CAT expression which indirectly represented the transcriptional activity of HBV CP lying upstream of CAT gene was detected with a CAT ELISA kit. The restriction enzyme digesting results indicated that the recombinant CAT plasmids were successfully constructed, and the transfection tests indicated that the transcriptional activity of the mutants with deletion or substitute point mutation of TATA like box were reduced in comparison with that of CPwt. The HBV CP gene heterogeneity downregulated the transcriptional activity to some extent.

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was employed to amplify the whole HBV X region from the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and then the PCR products were subcloned into pGEM Teasy vectors. Clones were randomly selected to be sequenced. Comparison of the cloned sequence was made to look for the differene. The sequencing results showed that each sequence of selected clones was differenct and there were HBV quasispecies groups in patients. There was hot deletion region near the 3' end of X gene. To address whether the mutations were responsible for the transactivating effect,the wild type(wt) and the mutants of HBV X genes were subcloned into the EcoRI site of pcDNA3 1( ) vectors, and the recombinant plasmids were cotransfected into HepG2 cells with reporter plasmid pSV lacZ,respectively. The activity of ? galactosidase controlled by SV40 early promoter/enhancer was detected, which reflected the transactivating function of HBx protein. The cotransfection results indicated that the wt HBV X gene acted as a transactivator on the SV40 early promoter/enhancer, and the mutations which caused premature termination of the X open reading frame reduced their transactivating effects to certain extent.