Objective To explore the effect of enteral nutrition applied to bowel preparation of diabetes patients before electronic colonoscopy. Methods A total of 172 diabetes patients were randomly allocated to the experimental group and the control group with 86 patients in each group. The experimental groups executed no dietary restriction within 3 days before the examination, and received Ensure 1h before colonoscopy. However,the control group was given low residue diet within 3 days before the examination, and received no Ensure before colonoscopy. The enteral cleanness and incidence of hypoglycemic reaction, abdominal pain and horror was compared between the two groups. Results 72 cases(83.72%) of the experimental group and 70 cases (81.40%) of the control group had better enteral cleanness, and there was no statistical difference in intestinal cleanness between the two groups. In the experimental group the incidence of hypoglycemic reaction, abdominal pain, horror was significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions Bowel preparation with unrestricted diet and ingested ensure before colonoscopy can not only ensure intestinal cleanness but also enhance endurance of colonoscopy.

Objective To investigate the distribution and characteristics of advanced schistosomi-asis in Hunan Province in order to provide some references for policy making of the control program. Methods The survey scheme of advanced schistosomiasis was made out, in which investigation variables and diagnostic criteria were standardized. The survey was carried out in the whole province. Results There were 5 405 cases of advanced schistosomiasis, reduced by 21. 64% compared with the registration number in the previous files. The prevalence rate was 8. 69/10 000, of which 16. 21% was new cases, 97. 06% were distributed in lake regions and 2. 94% in hilly regions. Of total cases, 78. 70% was located in transmission areas, 15.64% in transmission controlled areas, and 5. 66% in transmission interrupted areas. Cases with splenomegaly made up 59. 4%, ones with ascitis 37. 30% and colonic granulomatous and dwarfism type 3. 16%. Male cases took up 77.39% and female ones 22.61%. In the splenomegaly type 52.24% of patients had performed splenectomy. The youngest case was 14 years old and the oldest 90 years old. Cases of 50-, 60- age group made up 65. 18%, and 32.7% of cases came from 30-, 40-, 70- age group and 2. 09% from the remaining age groups. Farmer took up 87. 58% of all occupations and others occupied 12. 42%. Conclusion The advanced schistosomiasis cases in Hunan Province are showing the falling tendency, although some new cases occur. The main advanced cases come from the farmer in lake regions.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the molecular types of human adenovirus (HAdV) from influenza-like illness (ILI) samples with negative influenza virus in Xi'an from January 2013 to December 2015. Methods: Samples from patients with ILI were collected from two national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals during 2013—2015 in Xi′an. HAdV was detected by real-time PCR, and then the positive samples were inoculated into Hep-2 cells to isolate the viruses. The amplified products were purified and sequenced of hexon gene, and the sequences were compared with the Genebank data and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Results: In 2367 samples, 88 samples were positive for HAdV, the positive rate was 3.72%. There were 7 subtypes detected, and the rates of each subtype are as follows: HAdV-1 was 9.09%, HAdV-2 was 22.73%, HAdV-3 was 23.86%, HAdV-4 was 5.68%, HAdV-5 was 7.95%, HAdV-6 was 3.41% and HAdV-7 was 1.14%. Males had higher infection rate than females, but there was no significant difference. The patients were divided into 6 groups according to age. There were 3 positive samples among those under 1 year of age, 36 positive samples among those 1 to 3 years old, 26 positive samples among those 4 to 6 years old, 16 positive samples in those 7 to 18 years old, 5 positive samples in 19 to 59 years old and 2 positive samples in those older than sixty years of age. HAdV infection was primarily confined to children under 7 years of age. Conclusions HAdV-3 and HAdV-2 were the dominant epidemic strains during 2013—2015 in Xi′an. Children younger than 7 years were the main susceptible population. HAdV infections circulate all year-round and there was no considerable seasonal variation.

BACKGROUND: Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in seven centers from January 2015 to January 2018. Patients with extreme hyperbilirubinemia that met the criteria of ET were included. Patients were divided into three subgroups (low-, medium-, and high- risk) according to gestational week and risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the data before treatment. Study outcomes included the development of bilirubin encephalopathy, duration of hospitalization, expenses, and complications. Mortality, auditory complications, seizures, enamel dysplasia, ocular motility disorders, athetosis, motor, and language development were evaluated during follow-up at age of 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 1164 patients were included in this study. After PSM, 296 patients in the IPT only group and 296 patients in the IPT plus ET group were further divided into the low-, medium-, and high-risk subgroups with 188, 364, and 40 matched patients, respectively. No significant differences were found between the IPT only and IPT plus ET groups in terms of morbidity, complications, and sequelae. Hospitalization duration and expenses were lower in the low- and medium-risk subgroups in the IPT only group. CONCLUSIONS In this study, our results suggest that IPT is a safe and effective treatment for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The indication of ET for patients with hyperbilirubinemia could be stricter. However, it is necessary to have a contingency plan for emergency ET as soon as IPT is commenced especially for infants with risk factors. If IPT can be guaranteed and proved to be therapeutic, ET should be avoided as much as possible.
Child, Preschool ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/therapy* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kernicterus/therapy* ; Phototherapy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies