ObjectiveTo identify the influence of cholesterol on insulin-secreting cells.Methods MIN6 mouse insulin cells were cultured in vitro. After confluence of cells, on one hand, free cholesterol in series concentrations was added to cultu re medium to act for 24 hours, and on the other hand, free cholesterol in same c oncentration was added to culture medium to act for different periods. MTT test was used to evaluate the viability of MIN6 cells.Results25μmol/L free cholesterol significantly decreased the viability of MIN6 c ells after 24 hours and 100μmol/L free cholesterol significantly decreased the viability of MIN6 cells after 12 hours and induced cells death after 24 hours.Conclusions Free cholesterol decreases viability of MIN6 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, and it is indicated that elevated free cholesterol concentration in blood may be one factor involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells.

Objective To investigate the MR imaging features of chondroblastoma,and to address the correlation with findings of X-ray radiography and CT.Methods The imaging findings including MRI,X-ray radiography and CT of 16 chondroblastomas proved by surgery and pathology were analyzed and correlated with each other. Results All sixteen chondroblastomas involved the epiphyses of long bones,with varying sizes from 0.8 cm to 5.1 cm and lobulation. They were iso- and hypo-intense on T1WI and had heterogeneous signals on T2WI.They were of soft tissue density on CT,and had areas of calcifications and low density.The rims were hypointense on both T1 WI and T2 WI and showed hyperdensity on CT. The lesions were surrounded by edema of bone marrow which was hypointense on T1 WI and hyperintense on fat suppressed T2WI,while on X-Ray film and CT it was hyperdense sclerotic area.The adjacent soft tissues were swelling.Nine cases had periosteal abnormalities on MRI in which 8 of 9 periosteal abnormalities were distant from the primary lesions,and 6 of them showed hyperdense perosteal new bone on CT.Twelve cases had joint effusion on MRI and CT detected 6 of them.The lesions had heterogeneous enhancement,and there was enhancement in areas of edema within bone marrow,periosteal reaction and adjacent soft tissue.Chondroblastoma was intermediate and hyperintense on DWI,and the intermediate areas on both T1 WI and T2WI,together with areas of bone marrow edema,periosteal reaction and soft tissue swelling,were hyperintense on DWI.Conclusions The MRI,X-ray and CT can reflect the pathological changes of chondroblastoma from different aspects.The characteristics of chondroblastoma can be better appreciated by combining different imaging methods.

Objective To investigate the correlation between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke in Chinese Han population.Methods Patients with first-ever stroke and the age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study.Taqman probe fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect the genotype distribution of rs2779248 C/T and rs1137933 C/T polymorphisms.Results A total of 246 patients with ischemic stroke and 246 controls were enrolled.The distribution frequencies of rs2779248 CC,CT and TT genotypes in the patient group were 57.7％,36.6％,and 5.7％,respectively,and in the control group were 68.7％,28.0％,and 3.3％,respectively.The T allele frequency of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the control group (24.0％ vs.17.3％;P =0.015).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the risk factors including age,sex,hypertension,and diabetes,the risk of ischemic stroke in the CT + TT genotype carriers was 1.64 times of the CC genotype carriers (odds ratio 1.64,95％ confidence interval 1.07-2.51;P=0.022).The distribution frequencies of rs1137933 CC,CT and TT in the patient group were 58.1％,37.8％,and 4.1％,respectively and in the control group were 68.3％,29.3％,and 2.4％,respectively.The T allele frequency of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the control group (23.0％ vs.17.1％;P =0.013).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for traditional risk factors,the risk of ischemic stroke of patients with the TT + CT genotype carriers was 1.60 times of the CC genotype carriers (odds ratio 1.60,95％ confidence interval 1.05-2.46;P=0.030).Conclusions The rs2779248 C/T and rs1137933 C/T polymorphisms in iNOS gene may be associated with the risk of onset of ischemic stroke in Chinese Han population.

As a core curriculum of forensic medicine,it is of great importance to improve the quality of forensic toxicological education for cultivating high-quality forensic professionals.Basing on the rich experiences of forensic teaching and expertise,well teaching effects were achieved by the reform and explorations in teaching contents and methods,development of curriculum and teachers as well as other aspects aimed to improving the quality of forensic toxicological teaching.

Objective To investigate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with aortic dissection (AD). Methods Questionnaire analysis was applied to patients with or without AD according to Berlin questionnaire. Questionnaires were collected and common characters and related symptoms were compared between the two groups. Further comparison on related symptoms was made between the AD group and hypertensive patients in the control group. Results Totally 70 questionnaires were collected with 33 for the AD group (29 males and 4 females) and 37 for the control (29 males and 8 females). The average age (P ＜0.05) was 50.9 years for the AD group (range 32 to 70) and 53.4 years for the control (range 25 to 83). Snoring occurred in 29 AD patients (87. 88% ) and in 22 control patients (59. 46% ) (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Snoring everyday occurred in 19 AD patients (57. 58% ) and in 12 controls (32.43%) (P ＜0.05). Loud snoring was reported from 23 AD patients (69.70%) and 10 controls (27.03%) (P ＜0. 05). Apnea occurred in 15 AD patients (45. 45% ) and 8 controls (21.62%) ( P ＜0. 05). Apnea nearly everyday occurred in 9 AD patients ( 27.27% ) and 5 controls ( 13. 51% ) ( P ＜0. 05). Fatigue after sleep occurred in 23 AD patients (69. 70% ) and 15 controls (40. 54% ) (P ＜0. 05).Fatigue nearly everyday after sleep occurred in 10 AD patients (30. 30% ) and 6 controls ( 16. 22% ) ( P ＜0. 05). Hypertension was found in 28 AD patients ( 84. 85% ) and 20 controls ( 54. 05% ) ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).The average age of hypertensive control were 62 ± 16, greater than that of AD group (P ＜0. 05). In the 20 hypertensive control patients, loud snoring in 7 (35%), lessen than that of AD group (P ＜0.05).Compared with hypertensive controls, AD patients had greater body length ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and lesser waist-tohip ration (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Compared with normal control, OSAS is more common in AD patients.

Objective: To evaluate the method and curative effect of plate fixation or percutaneous screws for the treatment of calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ and Ⅲ via a minimally invasive sinus tarsi incision combined with a variety of manipulative reduction methods. Methods: Twenty-one patients with closed calcaneal fractures treated in the Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2014 to January 2016 were collected. There were 15 men and 6 women, with an average age of 39.3 years(from 25 to 63 years). According to the Sanders classification, 16 cases were type Ⅱ and 5 were type Ⅲ.All cases were treated with internal fixation with plate and percutaneous screws via the mini-open sinus tarsi approach following reduction of the posterior articular surface of the subtalar joint and calcaneal length, width and height.Statistical analysis was performed on calcaneal width and Böhler angle, Gissane angle preoperatively and postoperatively (3 days and 3 months). All data were analyzed by ANOVA, functional recovery was evaluated according to the Ankle and Hind-foot Score of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). Results: Twenty one patients were followed up for a mean duration of 13.4 months(6 to 24 months). All cases gained primary incision healing, without complications such as skin necrosis, wound infection, tenosynovitis of peroneus longus and brevis muscles, or fracture displacement and hardware failure.Bone union was achieved at an average of 10.5 weeks(9 to 11 weeks). No obvious malunion occurred by the last follow-up. Compared to preoperative, calcaneal width(F=25.62, 38.90) were significantly improved 3 days and 3 months after surgery, Böhler angle(F=440.24, 272.42) and Gissane angle(F=91.86, 43.74) were normal, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared to 3 days after surgery, calcaneal width, Böhler angle and Gissane angle kept normal 3 months after surgery, there were no statistically differences (F=0.26, 1.35, 2.60, all P>0.05). By the AOFAS scoring, 10 cases were rated as excellent, 7 were good and 4 were fair. Conclusions Fixation with plate and percutaneous screws via the mini-open sinus tarsi approach is an effective treatment for Sanders types Ⅱ and Ⅲ calcaneal fractures, which with the advantages of small wound, simple operation, reliable fixation, no incision complication, especially suitable for elderly patients and the patients with severe injury of local soft tissue.

In order to improve the quality of standardized training in department of orthopedics, it is necessary to ensure and strengthen the discipline management of standardized training. According to management experience of the standardized trainees in the department of orthopedics in the past years, this paper analyzes present situation of standardized training in orthopedics department, including the composi-tion and characteristics of the students and the structure of existing management staff and discusses the management measures, such as the establishment of electronic supervision system and the establishment of a new management structure. By doing so, we hope to achieve the institutionalization and normalization of the discipline management of standardized training and provide valuable experience in discipline manage-ment for other bases.

Objective To explore the association between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in Uygur population of Xinjiang.Methods A case-control study was performed,included 316 patients with ischemic stroke,admitted to our hospital from June 2007 to December 2013,and 316 age-and gender-matched healthy subjects in Uygur population of Hami.The genotypes ofrs2779248(C/T) and rs1137933(C/T) were determined by Taqman probe fluorescent quantitative PCR.Results The distribution frequencies of rs2779248 (CC,CT and TT) were 51.9％,42.1％ and 6.0％ in the patient group,ands 61.7％,30.1％ and 8.2％ in the controls,respectively.As compared with those with rs2779248 CC genotype,individuals with CT+TT genotype and CT genotype had higher risk ofischemic stroke,the odds ratio was 1.49 (95％CI:1.09-2.05,P=0.013)and 1.66 (95％CI:1.19-2.32,P=0.003).The distribution frequencies ofrs1137933 (CC,CT and TT) were 66.8％,28.5％ and 4.7％ in the patient group,ands 66.8％,27.8％ and 5.4％ in the controls,respectively;no significant difference was noted between the patient group and controls in the distribution frequencies (P＞0.05).Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that mutation of genotype C＞T in rs2779248was the independent risk factor of ischemic stroke in Uygur population of Hami after adjusting related risk factors (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.00-2.40,P=0.049).Conclusion The polymorphisms ofrs2779248 in iNOS gene may modify the risk of ischemic stroke in Uygur population of Hami,but no association is found in rs1137933.