Objective To study the effects of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate(TOCP) on mitochondrial membrane permeability in hen's nerve tissues and investigate the mechanism of the organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity(OPIDN).Methods Adult Roman hens were randomly divided into four groups,including three treated groups and one control group(24 in each group).The hens in the experimental groups were treated with TOCP by gavage at the single dosages of 185,375 and 750 mg/kg respectively.TOCP was dissolved in corn oil and administered at 0.65 ml/kg.The control hens received an equivalent volume of corn oil by gavage.The hens were sacrificed on the 1st,5th,15th and 21st day after treatment and the cerebrum,cerebellum,spinal cord were dissected and homogenized in ice bath.The mitochondria in these nerve tissues were extracted to determine the changes of the membrane permeability and membrane potential.Results Compared with the control group,no significant increase of the mitochondrial membrane permeability in the cerebrum was observed in treated groups.In the cerebellum,the membrane permeability in the 185 mg/kg group had no significant changes,while in the 375 and 750 mg/kg groups it increased significantly on the 1st and 5th day after TOCP treatment(P

Objective To explore the value of dual-source CT monoenergetic-plus imaging in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Methods Imaging data of 2 6 cases with pathologically proven early gastric cancer who underwent dual-energy scanning were analyzed retrospectively.Monoenergetic-plus images with energy levels at 40 keV,50 keV,60 keV and 70 keV were reconstructed by using an advanced monoenergetic software (syngo.via.VA30A,Dual energy Mono+).Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)of the lesion,image noise,overall image quality score and lesion conspicuity score were com pared between different monoenergetic-plus images and conventional polychromatic images at 1 2 0 kVp.Results The CNRs (3 .2 4 ± 0 .7 6 ,2 .9 4 ± 0 .9 2 ,2 .4 7 ± 0 .7 9 ,2 .3 7 ± 0.98 and 1.22±0.40 respectively)and image noises [(32.7±1.82)HU,(25.6±2.61)HU,(20.30±2.1 7)HU,(1 7.03±2.1 5)HU and (18.15±2.12)HU respectively]among 40 keV,50 keV,60 keV,70 keV and 120 kVp groups all had statistical differences (F =24.654 and 227.05,P <0.01).The CNR in 50 keV group was higher than that in 60 keV,70 keV and 120 kVp groups,but similar to that in 40 keV group (P >0.05).The SD value in 50 keV group was lower than that in 40 keV group,but higher than that in other three groups (P <0.05).The overall image quality score (3.08±0.27,3.65±0.49,3.31±0.47,3.23±0.43 and 3.1 5±0.37,respectively) and lesion conspicuity score (4.15±0.67,3.92±0.48,3.27 ±0.45,3.08±0.27 and 3.04±0.20)among the five groups all had statistical differences (Z =25.343 and 70.426,P <0.05).The overall image quality score of 50 keV group was higher than that of the other four groups (P <0.05).Lesion conspicuity score in 50 keV group was higher than that in 60 keV,70 keV and 120 kVp groups and similar to that in 40 keV group (P =0.1 52).Conclusion The 50 keV monoenergetic-plus images can increase the CNR value of early gastric cancer while maintaining the overall image quality.

OBJECTIVE To strengthen the management for visitors in the newborn nursery,in order to reduce the newborn hospital infection rate and enhance the hospital infection management quality in the newborn nursery.METHODS Taken the air and the object surface sampling in the newborn nursery,and the sampling derived from the hands of staff and visitors to undertake the contrast examination.RESULTS Before and after visits,the air pollution rate was over norm by increase of 58.3%,and after disinfection it declined 75.0%,after visiting,the object surface contamination rate was over norm by 56.3%,after disinfection it fell by 77.1%.Before washing-hands,the bacterial contamination rate of visitors and staff was over norm by respectively 100.0% and 68.3%,after washing,the passing rate of visitors was 92.0%,and no medical staff were over norm.CONCLUSIONS To adopt the effective management for visitors in the newborn nursery is very important to reduce the hospital infection rate in newborn nursery.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic responses of the anti-proteinuria drugs from the view of podocyte molecule. Methods Adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy was induced by a single tail intravenous injection of adriamycin. Lisinopril, prednisone and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were administered once a day to the adriamycin-induced nephrotic rats at the first day after adriamycin injection respectively. Renal tissue samples were collected at day 3, 7, 14, and 28 after adriamycin injection respectively. The distribution, mRNA expression and protein expression of nephrin, podocin, CD2AP and ?-actinin-4 were examined by indirect immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The interactions among nephrin and podocin, nephrin and CD2AP, as well as the nephrin phosphorylation were detected by immunoprecipitation, respectively. Results Compared to the control rats, 24 h urinary protein of the ADR rats increased significantly at day 14 (P

Objective To explore the molecular effect and interaction among nephrin, podocin, CD2AP and ?-actinin-4. Methods Firstly, the recombinant RNA interference (RNAi) plasmid-psiRNA-hH1GFPzeo, specifically targeting to the mRNA of nephrin, podocin, CD2AP or ?-actinin-4, was respectively tansfected into the mouse podocyte clone (MPC5) to each knockdown (KD) the expression of nephrin, podocin, CD2AP or ?-actinin-4. Molecular distributions were revealed by confocal microscopy, and the mRNA and protein expressions were detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results (1)In podocin KD group (siPod966 and siPod54), the mRNAs of podocin and nephrin were not detected, their protein decreased 92% and 79%, 82% and 67%, respectively. The mRNA and protein level of CD2AP increased 62% and 42%, 71% and 46%, respectively, whereas ?-actinin-4 did not change. In nephrin KD group (siNep492), the mRNA expression and protein level of nephrin were not detected, CD2AP increased 35% and 48%, respectively; and whereas podocin and ?-actinin-4 did not change. In CD2AP KD group (siCda744 and siCda21), the mRNA of expression CD2AP was not detected, and its protein level decreased 92% and 83%, the mRNA and protein of nephrin decreased 60% and 48%, 76% and 72%, respectively; podocin increased 38% and 22%, 56% and 44%, respectively; whereas ?-actinin-4 did not change. In ?-actinin-4 KD group (siAct1790 and siAct319), the mRNAs expression of ?-actinin-4 and nephrin decreased 69% and 58%, 64% and 49%, respectively; their protein level decreased 81% and 55%, 71% and 64%, respectively. However, the mRNAs of podocin and CD2AP increased 50% and 34%, 45% and 28%, respectively; and their protein level increased 64% and 46%, 65% and 42%, respectively. (2) With their expression change, the distributions of nephrin, podocin and CD2AP shifted evidently from the cell membrane surface to the nucleus circumference, whereas ?-actinin-4 showed no change, which was still localized in the cytoplasm and further extended to foot processes. Conclusion (1) Nephrin might more independently play a crucial role in the slit diaphragm complex. (2) Alpha-actinin-4 might interact direcdy or indirectly with nephrin, podocin and CD2AP. (3) The relationship among these podocyte molecules might not be spontaneous, either a single-directional or bi-directional reaction. (4) The normal localization of these podocyte molecules might depend on their normal expression quantity.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 8% emulsified isoflurane preconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 10-13 weeks,weighing 220-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (group S); I/R group;emulsified isoflurane preconditioning group (group E) ; intralipid preconditioning group (group I).Renal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left renal pedicle for 45 min with atraumatic microclips followed by 3 h reperfusion.8 % emulsified isoflurane and 30 % intralipid 4 ml· kg-1· h-1 were infused intravenously for 30 min followed by 15 min washout before renal UR in groups E and I,respectively.Arterial blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion to determine the concentrations of serum creatinine (Cr),cystatin C (Cys C),TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10.The animals were then sacrificed and left kidneys were removed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for microscopic examination and assessment of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules (0 =normal,4 =necrosis of whole segment of proximal convoluted tubules).Results Compared with group S,the serum Cr,Cys C,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations and severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules were significantly increased in groups I/R,E and I (P ＜ 0.05).The serum Cr,Cys C,TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and severity of necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules were significantly lower,while the serum IL-10 concentration was higher in group E than in groups I/R and I (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned above between groups L and I/R (P ＞ 0.05).The damage to renal tissues was less serious in group E than in groups I/R and L.Conclusion Preconditioning with 8 % emulsified isoflurane can attenuate renal I/R injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses in rats.

Objective:To specify optimize condition of process for mixture extraction of three kinds of volatile oil and preparation of ? CYD inclusion compound of Yuxianling Granules.Methods: Taking weight of volatile oil to evaluate the extraction process and percentage recovery of inclusion compound, transfer rate of oil, inclusion rate of oil to evaluate the inclusion process. Orthogonal design was applied. Results: The optimum extraction condition was to add five times amount of water into the mixture of crude drugs, to soak for 90 min, to heat up to boiling and reflux 4h. The trituration method is suitable for the productive preparation of inclusion compound, the optimum inclusion condition was ? CYD: Volatile oil in proportion as 8∶1 was mixed, adding two times amount of water into the mixture and trituration 30 min.Conclusions: Above condition of process was the most rational in extraction and inclusion of three kinds of volatile oil.

Objective To investigate the potential influencing factors which possibly effected the gut barrier function.The effort was made to establish a clinical evaluation system of gut barrier dysfunc- tion.Methods Fifty-three critically ill patients with an APACHEⅡscore of 8 or more and 27 patient which APACHEⅡscore was 6 or less were recruited.Plasma was reserved for measurement of endo- toxin,tumor necrosis factor-?,diamine oxidase,D-lactic acid and high sensitive C reactive protein,uri- nary excretion of lactulose and mannitol and the urinary content of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) were determined as well.Analyses was achieved by univariate,multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve.Results In the logistic regression models,gut barrier was affect- ed by many factors.The ratio of lactulose and mannitol in urine,the urinary content of IFABP of 24 hours and endotoxin level of plasma were identified as the most intimate factors which could associate with gut barrier function.The optimal operating point of plasma endotoxin,ratio of urinary lactulose and mannitol and content of urinary IFABP of 24 hours were 0.145,17 ng and 0,055 EU/ml respectively based on the results of receiver operating characteristic curve,the sensitivity and specificity were 84.5% vs 88%,78% vs 88% and 78% vs 78%.The doubtable value interval of urinary ratio of lactulose and mannitol was limited as 0.178 to 0.082.Conclusion Gut barrier dysfunction should be suspected when critically ill patients presented eertains gastrointestinal symptoms and had the proofs of increasing intesti- nal permeability,hypoperfusion of gut and higher level of plasma endotoxin.

Objective To propose an accurate method of noninvasive determination of central venous pressure(CVP ) by locating the central point of right atrium (RA ) using echocardiography .Methods Through the 3D reconstruction ,the accurate positions of RA of 30 patients who had been examined by multislice 3‐dimensional computed tomography for chest imaging were recorded .Based on solid geometric principles ,the central point in RA was located by echocardiography and then compared with CT‐location point .The accuracy and feasibility were assessed by absolute distance (Da) ,vertical distance (Dv) and the whole time of location (T) between the two points .Results Mean Da ,Dv and T of the whole subjects were 07.6cm(95% CI:06.2to08.1cm),01.6cm(95% CI:-00.2to03.4cm),and438.0s(95% CI:400.1to 47 4.0 s) ,respectively .Conclusions The echocardiographic method on the basis of solid geometry proposed in this study could be used to locate the central point in RA accurately and simply .Thus it would be helpful to improve the accuracy of noninvasive determination of central venous pressure .

Objective To investigate the effect of trabeculectomy combined with segmental iridectomy, mitomycin C (MMC) and viscoelastic agents usage on the treatment of glaucoma secondary in uveitis. Methods According to the age, degree of inflammation and the condition of Tenon capsule of patients, differ-ent concentration of MMC (0.25-0.33 mg/ml) was used during the operation, with separation of the anterior and posterior synechia, resection of pupillary organization membrane using viscoelastic agents. Segmental iridec-tomy and releasable sutures were also performed on the patients. The visual acuity of preoperation and postoper-ation, intraocular pressure, inflammation and the complication were record. Results Forty-two eyes of 38 cases with glaucoma secondary in uveitis were studied, the mean follow-up time was (12.01±3.56) months. The postoperative visual acuity improved in 14 eyes, didn't change in 28 eyes. The postoperative inflammation of anterior chamber disappeared in 35 eyes, relieved in 7 eyes. And the average postoperative intraocular pres-sure (15.20± 4.64) mmHg was significantly lower than the preoperative intraocular pressure (38.37±12.93) mmHg (t = 8.255, P = 0.000). The total success rate was 92.9%. There were no severe complication. Conclusion Trabeculeetomy combined with MMC, viscoelastic agents usage, separation of anterior and poste-rior syneehia, segmental iridectomy and releasable suture could increase the success rate of operation on pa tients with glaucoma secondary in uveitis, decrease the complication and inflammation reaction of operation, and the recurrence of uveitis.