Aim To investigate endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS)-mediated high-fat diet and palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance ( IR) in skeletal muscle and interventional effects of fenofibrate both in vivo and in vitro tests. Methods Female SD rats were randomly subjected to a standard control diet ( SCD) or high-fat diet ( HFD) for 20 weeks, then the HFD group was di-vided into high-fat-diet group and high-fat-diet group treated with fenofibrate ( HFD +FF, 30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ) for another 8 weeks. The changes of IR and ex-pression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α( PPARα) , glucose regulated protein 78 ( GRP78 ) and transcription factors GADD153 ( CHOP ) were as-sessed respectively. C2C12 myotubes were divided into normal control group ( NC ) , model group ( palmitic acid, PA) , postive control drug group ( tunicamycin, TM) and treatment group ( fenofibric acid, FA+PA) , the expressions of GRP78 and CHOP were assessed re-spectively. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was also analyzed to detect changes of insulin sensitivi-ty in C2 C12 . Results The high-fat diet induced obvi-ous IR and upregulated ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP in skeletal muscle of rats, and these responses were attenuated by treatment with fenofibrate. Incuba-tion of myotubes with palmitic acid or tunicamycin sig-nificantly increased expression of ERS markers GRP78 and CHOP. Meanwhile, insulin-stimulated phosphoryl-ation of Akt was inhibited obviously. Pre-incubation with FA markedly inverted PA-induced ERS and insu-lin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. Conclusion Fenofibrate ( fenofibric acid) has obvious effects of IR on skeletal muscle tissues and cells, which may be re-lated with reduced expression of GRP78 and CHOP in ERS.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of bedside continuous blood purification (CBP) in the treatment of neonatal multiple organ failure (MOF).Methods Totally 6 newborn infants of MOF were hospitalized in department of neonatology in our hospital from June 2011 to June 2013.These 6 cases of clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,6 neonates were treated with CBP combined with conventional treatment.The model for CBP was continuous veno-venous hemodialysis filtration (CVVHDF),blood flow velocity was 3 to 5 ml/(kg· min),replacement fluid dose was 20 to 30 ml/(kg· h),dialysis fluid dose was 15 to 25 rnl/(min· m2).The clinical outcome measures included,blood pressure,blood pH,K+,Na+,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,urine volume,PaO2/FiO2 and epinephrine intravenous dose,respectively before CBP treatment,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h after CBP treatment and the end of CBP treatment.The efficacy of CBP treatment was evaluated in neonatal MOF.Results Gestational age of 6 neonates with MOF was 33 to 41 weeks,2 to 19 days old,2.25 to 3.36 kg birth weight.Primary disease was 4 cases of neonatal septicemia(1 case with congenital hereditary metabolic disease),2 cases of severe neonatal asphyxia.All 6 cases of venous catheter were smoothly done.CBP treatment persisted for 49 to 106 hours.Compared with before CVVHDF treatment,blood K+,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine significantly decreased at 12 h after CVVHDF treatment [(5.32 ± 1.84) mmol/L vs.(9.81 ±3.61) mmol/L,(9.0 ±3.4) mmol/L vs.(12.8 ±6.1) mmol/L,(99 ± 16) μmol/L vs.(176 ±25) μmol/L,P ＜0.05],and reached the normal range at 24 h after treatment,urine volume significantly increased at 24 h after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).PaO2/FiO2 reached 200 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) at 6 h after treatment and more than 300 mmHg at 24 h after treatment(P ＜0.05).Fifty percent of epinephrine intravenous dose were down-regulation at 12 h after treatment and stopped using epinephrine at 48 h after treatment.CBP treatment of 6 cases showed effective.Conclusion Application of bedside CBP treatment in neonatal MOF is safe,can effectively help neonates with MOF to skip over renal failure stage.

Objective To better promote the health education and health promotion among patients with chronic disease, general practitioners (GPs) in the community should master the knowledge of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This paper aimed to describe the current situation of GPs' knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were issued to 1 077 GPs in community health service centers, and all GPs finished the questionnaire without assistance. The content of questionnaire includes the general information of GPs and six questions focusing on NCDs. Results Overall, 1 076 GPs completed the questionnaire, and the response rate was 99.9% (1 076/1 077). With regard to the six questions about NCDs, 90.4% (973/1 076) of GPs were well aware of the diagnosis of hypertension. Apart from that, the knowledge of diabetes mellitus (60.9%, 655/1 076), factors related to NCDs (70.2%, 755/1 076), the concepts of mental illness (52.0%, 560/1 076) and the clinical significance of tumor markers (87.9%, 946/1 076) among GPs were adequate, while more than half of the GPs did not know a lot about home oxygen therapy. Conclusion The mastering level of knowledge about prevention and treatment of NCDs among GPs varies that they need further improvement.

In recent ten years, general practitioner (GP) training and practice develops rapidly in China. It has established a relatively complete GP training system, including medical college education and standardized residency training. However, the path of continuing professional development and clinical skills improvement for GP after standardized residency training is still unclear. The concept of GP with special interest (GPSI) has been proposed these days, and it has put forward a new development direction for the career path of GP. In this article, on the basis of understanding the current status of GPSI in China, we try to discuss its advantages and problems, and then propose our suggestions for its future development.

OBJECTIVE: To identify long-term outcomes and safety of transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for treating dilated cardiomyopathy.METHODS: A total of 38 cases with dilated cardiomyopathy received treatment at the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, were selected, including 26 males and 12 females, aged 42-72 years, mean aged 56 years. Based on given standard therapy, 38 patients divided randomly into the transplantation group (n=20) and the control group (n=18). Patients in the transplantation group were received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) 300 ug/d once per day for 5 days to mobilize stem cells. At day 6, PBSC were collected with blood-cells separator and were transplanted through intracoroary way. The routine medication was performed in the control group. Blood routine test, hepatic function, renal function, glucose, triglyeride (TG), cholesterol, low density cholesterol (C-LDL), high density cholest- erol (C-HDL), uric acid (UA), creatine kinase (CK), isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured before and at months 6 and 12 after transplantation. All patients also received ultrasonic echocardiography, ECG Holter monitor and six-minute-walk test before and at 12 and 24 months after the procedure. Survival rate and incidence rate of heart incidents were compared. The study end-point was death from any cause. RESULTS: All patients received a 12-24 month follow-up with mean (18±6) months. One patient in the transplantation group received mitral valve replacement. One patient of the transplantation group and 2 of the control group died due to refractory heart failure. The blood routine test and biochemical indicators of the transplantation group had no significant differences among 6 months and 12 months after transplantation compared with control and pre-transplantation (P > 0.05). Six-minute-walking distance in the transplantation group significantly increased at 12 months after transplantation than pre-transplantation level, which was also higher than that of control patients (P < 0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased (P < 0.01). The left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDd) decreased significantly in the transplantation group (P < 0.01). In the control group, improvement in LVEF and LVDd were observed, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). After 24 months of follow-up, the above-mentioned indexes had not improved in the transplantation group without significant differences. No malignant arrhythmias and severe side effects could be observed around transplantation and during 24 months follow-up. Survival was similar between the two groups during 24 months follow. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of mobilized autologous PBSC might be a safe and effective method for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy, which may improve the ventricular systolic function in a short-term, however, the long-term effects still uncertain.

Objective:To construct and screen the high efficiency interference plasmid of TFAIP8-shRNA-pSIREN-RetroQ.Methods:Selected and synthesized three Target Sequence of TNFAIP8 shRNA1,TNFAIP8 shRNA2,TNFAIP8 shRNA3,and construct the TNFAIP8 interference plasmid.Transfection TNFAIP8-shRNA-pSIREN-RetroQ interference plasmid to A549 cells.Filter out the highest interference efficiency plasmid by detecting the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blot methods.Results:We successfully design and built three TNFAIP8-shRNA-pSIREN-RetroQ interference plasmids,and screen out the highest efficiency interference plasmid.Conclusion: Three interference plasmids targeting the TNFAIP8 gene have been constructed successfully and provide a useful tool for studying the function of TNFAIP8.

Objective:To identify differentially expressed saliva proteins of oral lichen planus(OLP)patients by two-dimensional fluo-rescence difference electrophoresis(2-D DIGE)and mass spectrometry(MS).Methods:3 pairs of saliva samples from OLP patients and matched healthy adults were collected.Saliva proteins were separated by 2-D DIGE and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Results:SDS-PAGE examination showed that the electrophoresis bands were clear and protein loss was rare. Protein dots were highly reproducible by 2-D DIGE.In average,the abundance of (31 7 ±71 )saliva protein spots were found in OLP pa-tients.4 highly reproducible spots were identified to be secretory IgA1 ,zincα-2-glycoprotein,salivary amylase and serum albumin by LC-MS and they were at higher level in OLP patients than those in the healthy controls.Conclusion:Secretory IgA1 ,zincα-2-glyco-protein,salivary amylase and serum albumin are highly expressed in the saliva of OLP patients,and may be related to the occurrence and development of oral lichen planus.

Objective By detecting the mutations spectrum of phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)gene in phe-nylketonuria(PKU)patients and their parents. The researchers analyzed the gene mutation features and high - frequency mutations and determined the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype,which would provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and genetic consultation of PKU children in the region. Methods In this study,13 exons and their flanking introns of the PAH gene in 32 PKU patients and their parents from Wuxi and Suqian in Jiangsu province were sequenced by using the next - generation sequencing(NGS)technology. Results Sixty - one mutant sites and 32 mutant genes were detected in 32 PKU patients,and the mutation detection rate was 95. 31%(61 / 64 cases). The variants at c. 721C ﹥ T,c. 1068C ﹥ A,c. 611A ﹥ G,c. 1197A ﹥ T,c. 728G ﹥ A,c. 331C ﹥ T and c. 442 -1G ﹥ A were common mutations in the region with mutation frequency over 5% . What's more,4 novel variants of c. 699C ﹥ G,c. 265C ﹥ T,c. 722G ﹥ A and c. 1194A ﹥ G were found. Of those,c. 699C ﹥ G was not recorded in the PAH variant database and HGMD database and. c. 265C ﹥ T,c. 722G ﹥ A,and c. 1194A ﹥ G were first reported in the Chi-nese population. Genotype - accurate biochemical phenotype correlation by using the Guldberg AV system revealed con-sistency rate of 38. 0%(8 / 21 cases),which the consistency rate between accurate biochemical phenotype and predic-tive phenotype of moderate to severe genotype was 92. 3%(12 / 13 cases),and mild genotype was 50. 0%(4 / 8 cases). Conclusions The PAH gene variants of PKU patients in Jiangsu province are distributed mainly in exons 7,of which the highest frequency gene mutation is c. 721 c ﹥ T. Moreover,one novel variant c. 699C ﹥ G was reported for the first time. The PKU children inherit the PAH mutation gene mainly from both parents. There are definite correlation between the genotypes and phenotypes.

Objective Preterm birth is a live birth delivered before 37 weeks of gestation.Preterm birth rates have risen in recent years,and preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortali-ty worldwide.Both environmental and genetic factors likely play important roles in the development of pre-term birth.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are 18 to 25 nucleotides,single stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate a wide range of biological processes in development and human disease.In this study,we have investigated the differential expression of hsa-miR-28-3p and ADAM12 in cord blood mononuclear cells of preterm birth and term birth.Methods The cord bloods were collected from the patients of Putuo District Institute of Materni-ty and Child Health.The preterm group(30 patients)was the patients with spontaneous preterm delivery,and the control group(30 patients)was the patients delivered normal infants at term.The expression levels of hsa-miR-28-3p and ADAM12 mRNA were directly generated by real-time PCR.Results The gestational age and birth weight of preterm group was(30.92 ±1.73)weeks and(1 646 ±357)g,and the control group was (39.73 ±0.58)weeks and(3 301 ±394)g.The hsa-miR-28-3p expression of preterm group(1.03 ±0.23) was significantly lower than that of control group(2.32 ±0.52)in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P <0.01 );the ADAM12 mRNA expression of preterm group(0.037 8 ±0.005 6)was significantly higher than that of control group(0.027 6 ±0.003 9)(P <0.05);the hsa-miR-28-3p expression was significantly correlated with the ADAM12 mRNA expression(r =-0.634 1 ,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The lower hsa-miR-28-3p expression of cord blood mononuclear cells may up-regulate ADAM12 mRNA expression,and promotes the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of mild hypothermia (MH) in treating the infants with moderate-to-severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),and to make a follow-up of the nerve motor development of the infants at 18 months old after discharge.Methods Totally 61 neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from Jan.2007 to Dec.2013 were retrospectively analyzed.According to before and after MH therapeutic apparatus was used by NICU of Shanghai Children's Hospital,61 neonates of HIE were divided into 2 groups,the conventional treatment group(25 cases) and MH treatment group(36 cases).The patients in both groups were measured respectively by using the amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) before MH treatment and at 72 hours after M H treatment,by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) on the 28th day after birth,and by adopting Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 18 months old.The adverse reactions,serious disability cases and deaths of MH treatment were recorded.Results Compared with the conventional treatment group,aEEG recording before treatment showed no statistically significant differences in MH treatment group [maximum voltage:(22.4 ±3.1) μV vs(18.6 ±2.5) μV,maximum voltage:(8.2 ±2.6)μV vs(6.5 ±1.9) μV,t =1.264,0.852,all P ＞ 0.05].However,aEEG recording at 72 h after treatment showed statistically significant differences in MH treatment group [maximum voltage:(24.1 ± 3.2) μV vs (30.6 ± 2.8) μV,maximum voltage:(9.7 ± 3.4) μV vs (13.3 ± 2.2) μV,t =6.376,4.257,all P ＜ 0.05].Severe disability cases [24.0％ (6/25 cases) vs 5.6％ (2/36 cases),x2 =4.405,P ＜ 0.05] and deaths [16.0％ (4/25 cases) vs 0 (0/36 case),x2 =6.1 64,P ＜ 0.05] in MH treatment group were significantly decreased,and there was significantly difference in NBNA on the 28th day after birth[(35.9 ± 2.1) vs(39.1-± 1.6),t =3.361,P ＜ 0.05],and scales of neurobehavioral evaluation through follow-up of 18 months old [mental development index (MDI):(85.2 ± 10.7) vs (96.5-± 13.1),t =7.839,P ＜ 0.05].Very few neonates had apnea,coagulation dysfunction,arrhythmia and other adverse reactions in MH treatment course.Conclusions MH treating moderate-to-severe HIE is safe and effective.MH is effective in reducing death and major disabilities in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE and without significant side effects.MH can obviously improve the development of nervous system disorders in 0-18 months infants,and can significantly improve these infants' Bayley developmental scale neurobehavioral scores.