Objective To survey the incidence of depression in Parkinson disease(PDD) and explore the related factors of PDD.Methods 127 patients with Parkinson disease were investigated,all of them were assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale,self-designed register form and the Unified Parkinson disease scale(UPDRS).A stepwise multiple factor regression analysis was carried out to determine factors that best accounted for the occurrence of PDD.Results The overall incidence rate was 47.2%.The minor,moderate and major incidence was 14.2%,28.3% and 4.7% respectively.The regression analysis showed that factors accounted for the occurrence of PDD were gender,the severity of PD,stage of patient's motor impairment,education level and the use of dopamine agonists.Conclusion PDD seems to have a multifactorial etiology.Knowledge of risk factors related to the occurrence of PDD may help guide neurologists in the early prediction and treatment of this disease.

Objective To observe the expressions of Th1 cytokin [interleukin (IL)-12] and Th2 cytokin (IL-4) in gut of the mouse model of postinfcctious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Methods Thirty mice were divided into control group (n=8) and model group (n=22,infected with Trichinella spiralis). The weight of the mouse was measured weekly after infection. Visceral sensitivity of colorectal distention in mouse was accessed by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) at 0 and 8 weeks after infection. All mice were sacrificed at the 8th week, and tissues of jejunum, terminal ileum, proximal colon and distal colon were observed for inflammation with HE staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of IL-12 and IL-4 were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Two weeks after infection, body weight was decreased in model group compared with control group ( -1.08%±1.08 % vs 3.09%±1.85%, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference at the 8th week between two groups (P>0.05). Severe inflammation was observed in the gut of mouse 2 weeks after infection, however it was recovered at the 8th week. The score of AWR was higher in model group at 30,45 and 60 mmHg in comparison with control group (P<0.05), whereas the perceptual threshold was lower in model group than in the control group (P<0.05). In comparison with control group, increased expressions of IL-12 mRNA and protein in ileocecum and proximal colon as well as decreased expressions of IL-4 mRNA and protein in all parts of gut were found in model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Th1/Th2 shift may involve in gut of PI-IBS mouse, which provides a new idea for treatment of PI-IBS.

Objective:To investigate the effects of titanium spcimens with different surface character on the proliferation and mRNA expression of IL-6 and Cbfα1 in osteoblasts.Methods:Titanium surface was treated by smooth pretreatment(PT),sandblast and acid etch(SLA)and anodic oxidation(AD)respectively.The morphology and the elements analysis of the spcimens were inspected and detected by SEMand EDS.The surface contact angle was measured by contact angle meter.MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the titanium surface and cells cultured on tissue culture plate were served as the control group.The proliferation was measured by MTT assay.The mRNA expression of IL-6 and Cbfα1 was quantified by RT-qPCR.Results:The sample surface in PT group showed scrat-ches,in SLA group showed multiple three dimensional structure,in AD group exhibited porous structure.The elements of the sample surface of group PT,SLA and AD were Ti,Ti/Al and Ti/O respectively;the contact angles were 54.47°±3.33°,75.42°±8.32° and 38.91 °±4.00°respectively(P<0.05).The cells in AD group showed higher proliferation than those in PT and SLA groups(P<0.05).In AD group IL-6 mRNA expression decreased and Cbfα1 mRNA increased more than in PT and SLA groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Titanium spcimens treated with AD may promote cell proliferation,decrease IL-6 mRNA expression and increase Cbfα1 mRNA expression in MC3T3 cells.Implats treated with AD might have some advantages in early osseointegration.

Objective To investigate the changes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and its roles in the pathogenesis of SLE.Methods The level of pDC and the expressions of CD32,CD40,CD86,CD62L and CXCR4 were analyzed by flow cytometry.The concentrations of IFN-α in serum were detected by ELISA assay.Results The levels of circulating pDC were significantly decreased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls.Moreover,the pDC levels in active SLE patients were lower than those in inactive SLE patients,and compared with the primary group,the pDC levels were increased in the treatment group.The levels of pDC showed a significant decrease in SLE patients with arthritis,proteinuria or leucopenia in comparison with patients without those manifestations,showing a negative correlation with proteinuria.The expressions of cell surface molecules including CD32,CD86,CD62L and CXCR4 on pDCs were significantly increased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls,and the levels of pDC were negatively correlated with the expressions of CD32 and CXCR4 in patients with SLE.The concentrations of IFN-α in serum of patients with SLE were significantly higher than those in healthy controls,and the levels of pDC were positively correlated with the concentrations of IFN-α in patients with SLE.Conclusion The level of circulating pDC in patients with SLE was remarkably reduced,but the expressions of molecules involved in cell activation and migration were upregulated,accompanied by enhanced IFN-α production,which might promote the onset and progression of SLE.

Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents is a well-known model of intestinal inflammation associated with hypermotility. The aim of the study was to use this experimental model to elucidate if Th17 cells are involved in the development of gastrointestinal hypermotility. Colonic smooth muscle contractility was investigated in response to acetylcholine. The levels of IL-17, IL-23 and TGF-beta1 in colon were measured by Western blotting. Flow cytometric detection of intracellular IFN-gamma/IL-4/IL-17 cytokine production was used to analyze the proportions of CD4+ T cells subsets in colon. Our results showed that colonic muscle contractility was increased 2 weeks post infection (PI) and stayed high 12 weeks PI when no discernible inflammation was present in the gut. The proportion of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-17 were up-regulated in colon 2 weeks PI and returned to normal 8 weeks PI. The content of IL-17 was correlated with the colonic smooth muscle hypercontracility 2 weeks PI. Meanwhile, TGF-beta1 was increased 2 weeks PI, while IL-23 was normal. Our results suggest that Th17 cells affect the colonic muscle contractility in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis at intestine stage but not at muscle stage and the effect of Th17 cells on muscle contractility might be induced by TGF-beta1. Other cytokines might be involved in the hypercontracility of colonic smooth muscle at muscle stage.

Objective To investigate the value of Q-analysis real-time elasticity in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods Eighty-six thyroid nodules in 62 patients with pathologic diagnosis were included in this study and were examined using Q-analysis real-time elasticity. The real-time elasticity features were observed and the quantitative index including the whole elasticity rate and the local elasticity rate were compared between benign and malignant nodules. Results There were 51 benign and 35 malignant nodules according to histopathological examination. The Q-analysis curve of real-time elasticity of benign nodules was smoother and with lower peak, compared with that of malignant nodules. The whole elasticity rate of malignant nodules were significantly higher than that of benign nodules (3.59±0.84 vs 2.32±0.56, P=0.000). And the local elasticity rate of malignant nodules were significantly higher than that of benign nodules (3.96±1.32 vs 2.39±0.58, P=0.000). The cutoff point of whole elasticity rate for the differential diagnosis was 3.25 with sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy as 71.4%, 96.1% and 86.0% respectively. The cutoff point of local elasticity rate for the differential diagnosis was 3.45 with sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy as 68.6%, 96.1% and 84.9% respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of whole elasticity rate and local elasticity rate had no significant difference (P=0.591).Conclusions Q-analysis real-time elasticity could provide the real-time elasticity features of thyroid nodules. The whole and local elasticity rate as the quantitative index contributed to the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

The recombinant chimeric enzyme of AnsB-TTP-P277 comprising L-asparaginase, a tetanus toxin peptide spacer and P277 was expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli. The purified chimeric enzyme exhibited primary activity of the native asparaginase. Prediabetic NOD mice immunized with the chimeric enzyme could induce specific antibodies against P277 and the specificity of anti-P277 antibodies was verified by Western blot assay. The study showed that displaying the P277 epitope on the surface of asparaginase could effectively overcome the weak antigenicity of the P277 epitope and evoke a strong P277-specific immune response in mice. Moreover, the concentration of blood glucose was measured by an automated analyzer.Histochemical analysis of mice pancreas tissues showed that the administration of the chimeric enzyme to NOD mice could prevent the development of diabetes more efficiently than the peptide P277 itself.

Objective To establish a method focusing on regulation of CNN3 gene in the rat hippocampus and help to explore the role of CNN3 gene played in the brain physiology and pathology.Methods One cDNA sequence and three shRNAs targeting CNN3 gene were designed and synthesized.The recombinant lentivirus-mediated expressing and three short hairpin RNA ( shRNA) vectors targeting CNN3 gene in the rats were constructed with engineering technology.All recombinant vectors were intravenously injected into rats hippocampi guided by stereotaxic apparatus.Western blot was performed to explore the best shRNA and to study the changes of CNN3 gene in the rat hippocampus after transfection with the silence and over-expressed vectors.Results The lentivirus-mediated vector expressing CNN3-OE and three shRNA vectors targeting CNN3 gene were successfully constructed.Within eight weeks after transfection, the vectors of CNN3-OE and three CNN3-shRNAs changed the expression of CNN3 gene in the rat hippocampus, in particular, all the protein levels of calponin-3 encoded by CNN3 gene were significantly down-regulated along with the time, with the highest inhibitory rate of 73.6%in the CNN3-shRNA2 group.Significant up-regulation of calponin-3 protein level by 93.88%, was found only on the 14th day after transfection.Conclusions Lentivirus-mediated vectors of CNN3-OE and CNN3-shRNAs may regulate in vivo the CNN3 gene level in the local brain region of rats via stereotactic injection.The study lays a foundation for disease prevention and treatment in the future.

BACKGROUND:Fibrin glue introduced into calcium phosphate cement has not been confirmed whether this way could overcome the compressive limits and the low degradation of calcium phosphate cement and to modify the biological properties of calcium phosphate cement. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanical and biological properties of calcium phosphate cement/fibrin glue at different powder/liquid ratio for bone regeneration in vitro. METHODS:Calcium phosphate cement and fibrin glue were mixed at ratios of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 (mL/g), and the pure calcium phosphate cement served as controls. Setting time, scanning electron microscope and the biomechanical test were used to analyze the composite scaffold structure, physical performance and the mechanical properties. Passage 3 osteoblasts were respectively inoculated on the material surface of the four groups, and pure cells served as blank controls. celladhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The initial and final setting time of calcium phosphate cement/fibrin glue at 1:1 and 3:1 (mL/g) was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the initial and final setting time of calcium phosphate cement/fibrin glue at 5:1 (mL/g) was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope showed smoother and denser surface of composite scaffolds compared with the pure calcium phosphate cement. The aperture of the composite scaffolds was decreased with the increasing concentration of fibrin glue. The compressive strength of composite scaffolds at 3:1 and 5:1 was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while the modulus of the composite scaffolds at 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). celladhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity showed no difference among the three composite scaffold and control groups, but al higher than the blank control group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that fibrin glue introduced into calcium phosphate cement can overcome the low-strength limits of calcium phosphate cement, and maintain the good biological properties of calcium phosphate cement for bone regeneration.

Objective To explore the role of toll-like receptor (TLR)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in cervical tumor with high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection.Methods (1)Study was based on 36 women with nonmalignantcervical tissue as control group and 36 women with squamous cell cervical cancer (SCC),all with hrHPV infection which were assessed by using 14 types hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA real-time PCR kit.The amount of NO was detected by Griess reaction,the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).The mRNA expression of TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,TLR8,TLR9,nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and iNOS in control and SCC epithelium which was captured by laser capture microdissection (LCM) were determined.(2)The expressions of TLR4 in CaSki,HeLa and C33a were detected by cell immunofluorescence method.The mRNA and protein expression of TLR/NO pathway transduction molecules including TLR4,NF-κBp65 and iNOS in CaSki,HeLa and C33a cell lines were detected by real-time PCR and western blot.Results (1)The level of NO was much higher in SCC group than that in control group [(42.92±0.36) μmol/L vs (15.49±0.24) μmol/L;P＜0.05].iNOS was detected in 75％ (27 cases) of patients with squamous cervical carcinoma,while only 6％ (2 cases) of normal controls were confirmed with positve result (P＜0.05).TLR/NO pathway maybe activated in SCC,for the mRNA levels of TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,TLR8,NF-κBp65 and iNOS increased significantly when compared to control group (all P＜0.05),and the greatest change in the expression level of TLR in SCC was spotted on TLR4(7.41±0.39 vs 1.86±0.21).(2)The results of immunofluorescence showed that TLR4 was located at plasma membrance of hrHPV positive HeLa and CaSki cells,while the integral optical density of TLR4 in HeLa cells (3 599±427) or CaSki cells (2 080±456) were higher than that in C33a cells (730±96;P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein level of TLR4,NF-κBp65 and iNOS in HeLa and CaSki cells were higher than those of C33a cells (P＜0.05).Conclusion TLR4/NO pathway is highly expressed in cervical cancer with hrHPV infection,while the pathway may be involved in cervical tumorigenesis with hrHPV infection.