Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.The biomarkers that are tested in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for diagnosis,prognosis and treatment efficacy of MS.Therefore,CSF tests are essential in MS patients.This review summarized and discussed the CSF biomarkers in MS,including the clinical widely used biomarkers and research on potential biomarker candidates.

0 05), respectively.Conculsion Transduction of NKG 5SV into NK cell can augment its cytotoxic activity by enhancing its cytolytic ability.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for comprehensive intervention and management of chronic disease in China.METHODS:The global chronic disease trends and disease burden were summarized;theoretical framework,practice and experience of international chronic disease management were summarized and analyzed as well as enlightenment on domestic chronic disease management.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Worldwide prepresentative chronic disease theory model mainly involved USA chronic disease nursing model and WHO innovation care for chronic conditions.Main experience of international chronic disease management is that managing based on community,confirming preferential intervened disease types,adopting standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment pathway,designing rational transfer treatment system,providing patient self-management support.At pres ent,chronic disease management have been improved in China,but is still poor in community management.It is necessary to strengthen community medical staff training about chronic disease prevention and treatment and health education for social group.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical phenotype of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.MethodsEight cases of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma admitted to our hospital from January 2001to January 2011were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics,and immunohistochemical staining for phenotype were analyzed,then the follow-up data were summarized.ResultsAll 8 patients with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma was male,with a median age of 47 years old.Tumors were located in the pancreatic head in 4 patients,pancreatic body and tail in 4 patients.The average tumor size was 4.5 cm × 4.0 cm × 3.2 cm,the section appeared as gray or gray-red and presented as solid or cystic lesions.Larger tumors were often accompanied by hemorrhage and necrosis.Microscopically,the tumor cells arranged in acinic,cord,trabecular or solid nests.The cytoplasm was abundant and eosinophilic.The nuclear was round,oval,slightly atypia.lmmunohistochemical staining showed diffusely positive for CAM5.2,α-AT,α-ACT and focally positive for CA19-9,CEA,E-cad,β-cat and MUC-1 and only occasionally positive for AFP,NSE,Syn and CgA.Follow-up data showed there was one case of postoperative death due to postoperative pancreatic leakage with abdominal infection.Liver metastasis occurred in 4 cases,among whom,2 cases died.ConclusionsPancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is a rare epithelial malignant tumor of pancreas,with distinct phenotype characteristics.

l 1H-MRS was good for clinical purpose.

Objective To observe the evaluation of early chemoradiotherapy efficacy in uterine cervical cancer by different b-value combination.Methods Thirty uterine cervical cancer patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy received conventional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) before treatment,after 2 weeks treatment and after treatment.The patients were divided into complete remission (CR) group (15 cases),partial remission (PR) group (9 cases),stable disease (SD) group (6 cases) according to the changes in tumor size after 9 months of treatment.The tumor size and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of uterine cervical cancer were measured at each examination among the 3 groups.All ADC were calculated with b =0,600 s/mm2 and b =0,1000 s/mm2.According the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve,chemoradiotherapy efficacy and prognosis value of different b-value of ADC chart in uterine cervical cancer were compared.Results There were no significant differences in ADC of b =0,600 s/mm2 ADC chart and b =0,1000 s/mm2 ADC chart before treatment and after 2 weeks treatment in the 3 groups (P＞ 0.05).ADC increase rate after 2 weeks treatment in CR group was significantly higher than that in PR group and SD group (0.35 ± 0.10 vs.0.22 ± 0.10 and 0.21 ± 0.08,0.28 ± 0.08 vs.0.14 ±0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.02,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between PR group and SD group (P ＞0.05).The decrease rates of tumor diameter after 2 weeks treatment in CR,PR and SD group were 0.36 ±0.18,0.33 ± 0.17 and 0.24 ± 0.09,there were no significant differences (F=1.151,P ＞ 0.05).After 2 weeks treatment,at b =0,600 s/mm2 ADC chart,when liminal value of ADC was 0.211 × 10-3 mm2/s,ROC area under curve was 0.976,sensitivity was 85.6％,specificity was 100.0％; at b =0,1000 s/mm2 ADC chart,when liminal value of ADC was 0.181 × 10-3 mm2/s,ROC area under curve was 0.979,sensitivity was 85.6％,specificity was 100.0％.The accuracy of two kinds of ADC chart evaluation of uterine cervical cancer early chemoradiotherapy efficacy was higher,and the effect was similar.Conclusion The ADC increase rate after 2 weeks treatment can be used to predict the early chemoradiotherapy efficacy of uterine cervical cancer,and the value of two kinds of ADC chart of different b-value is similar.

BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cel s have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of traumatic diseases in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of magnetic labeled endothelial progenitor cel transplantation on renal function of diabetic rats through a MRI imaging study.METHODS:Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal (no treatment), control and experimental groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin was performed to make a rat model of type 1 diabetes in the control and experimental groups. Four weeks after modeling, rats in the experimental group were given intravenous injection of magnetic labeled endothelial progenitor cel s (0.15 mL, 1×109/L). Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and 24-hour urinary protein levels in rats were measured at 8 weeks after cel transplantation. MRI was used to trace transplanted cel s in vivo in comparison with renal biopsy findings, and rat body mass and kidney weight were measured to calculate kidney weight index. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After modeling, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and 24-hour urinary protein levels as wel as kidney weight index were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the insulin level decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the endothelial progenitor cel transplantation reversed these indices (P<0.05). Additional y, in the experimental group, there was slightly longer T1 and shorter T2 signals as wel as marked lesion edge, and the FLASH sequence became more remarkable compared with the T2-weighted RARE sequence. The other groups showed no significant low signal changes. Magnetic-labeled positive cel s in the experimental group showed by the MRI were consistent with the tissue biopsy results, while no positive cel s were found in the model and normal groups. To conclude, the magnetic labeled endothelial progenitor cel transplantation can improve renal dysfunction in diabetic rats to a certain extent.

Background and purpose:miR-17-92 gene cluster overexpression has been observed in various cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and prostate cancer. In this study, we established the stable cell line overexpressingmiR-17-92 to explore the inlfuence ofmiR-17-92 on the migration, invasion abilities and cisplatin resistance of the prostate cancer DU145 cells.Methods:miR-17-92 overexpression vectors were constructed. DU145 cells were infected with the viral supernatants produced by Phoenix A packaging system. Real-time lfuorescent quanti-tative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) was conducted to detect the expression level of miR-17-92 in the cells. The migration and invasion abilities were measured by a real-time xCELLigence system. The scratch healing assay was carried out to investigate the migration abilities. The expression of integrin β1 was detected by Western blot, and the activities of matrix metalloprotein-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) were measured by gelatin zymography experiment. The cell growth of the two cell lines after the treatment of cisplatin was detected by a real-time xCELLigence system. The mRNA expression ofERCC1 was measured by RTFQ-PCR. Western blot was conducted to investigate the protein expressions of ERCC1, ERK1/2 and pERK1/2.Results:DU145-miR-17-92 cells migrated faster than DU145-control cells during the 24 h continuous monitoring (P<0.01). The scratch healing assay indicated that DU145-miR-17-92 cells migrated from the edge towards the scratch center faster than DU145-control cells. DU145-miR-17-92 cells invaded through matrigel markedly faster than DU145-control cells (P<0.01). The protein expression level of integrin β1 and the MMP-9 activities in DU145-miR-17-92 cells were increased than those in DU145-control cells. After the treatment of cisplatin, DU145-miR-17-92 cells grew faster than DU145-control cells, presenting cisplatin resistance (P<0.01). The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in DU145-miR-17-92 cells was constantly at a high level regard-less of the treatment of cisplatin. Compared with DU145-control cells, the expression of drug resistance-related gene ERCC1 was dramatically increased in DU145-miR-17-92 cells after the treatment of cisplatin.Conclusion:miR-17-92 overexpression increases the migration and invasion abilities of the prostate cancer DU145 cells, which is associated with the upregulated expression of integrin β1 and the increased activity of MMP-9. Besides,miR-17-92 overexpression enhances the cisplatin resistance of DU145, which is correlated with the increased phosphorylation level of ERK and the upregulated expression of ERCC1 at both the mRNA and protein levels.

Objective Using zebrafish to analyze the effect of water temperature on the recovery of spinal cord in-jury. To detect the cell proliferation and changes of gene expression at the injury site during the process of recovery. Meth-ods Surgical operation was performed to induce spinal cord injury ( SCI) on adult fish. Water at a series of temperature was applied to culture the fish. Swimming ability was adopted to observe the recovery of spinal cord injury following surger?y. Vibration sections and immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the cell number post SCI at different stages. The changes of gdnf and nos gene expression were determined by real?time PCR. Results The water temperature changes from 28℃ to 32℃ did not affect the swimming ability of non?injured and sham?injured fish ( P>0. 05 ) . The swimming ability recovered mostly in 8 weeks post spinal cord injury. At 32℃, the swimming ability recovered faster than at 28℃ or at 30℃(P<0. 05). The cell proliferation increased obviously following spinal cord injury (P<0. 05). The proliferation of cells surrounding the spinal cord in jury was more extensive in SCI fishes incubated in 32℃ water than in 28℃ or 30℃ water ( P<0. 05). Real?time PCR assay showed that gdnf was up?regulated in all groups post SCI at 24 h, and 7 and 14 days (P<0. 05). The nos expression was up?regulated in all groups following SCI in 24 h (P<0. 05) and 7 days. There was no sig?nificant difference between the SCI group and sham?injury group (P<0. 05), while after 14 days, the expression of nos was reduced in the SCI group compared with the sham?injury group (P<0. 05). Conclusions A slight increase of incu?bating water temperature can accelerate the recovery of spinal cord injury in zebrafish.

ObjectiveTo develop a quantitative method for simultaneously determining multi-components in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma using one chemical reference substance.MethodsThe contents of multi-components were calculated by the UV relative correction factors (RCFs) of chrysophanol,physcion,and rhein to emodin.ResultsThe values of RCFs at 274 nm for rhein,chrysophanol,and physcion to emodin were 0.712,0.674,and 1.051.The calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 0.02-4.08,0.02-4.12,0.07- 12.92,and 0.02-3.68 μg/mL for rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,and physcion,respectively.The contents of emodin in 18 samples were determined by the extemal standard method,and the contents of the other three anthraquinone aglycones were calculated according to their RCFs.ConclusionNo significant difference is found in comparison with the classical method,indicating that the RCFs have high reliability within their linear ranges and could be used in quality control of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma.The quantitative analysis of multi-component with a single marker is especially suitable for herbal medicines containing unstable or hard to be purified components as quality control markers.