The technique of lentivirus-based RNAi ( RNA interference) is a combination of the effective infec-tion and integrating characteristics of lentivirus vector and the specificity of RNAi to silence a homologous gene expression. It caused the post-transcriptional gene silencing ( PTGS) by a specific target sequence of mRNA degradation.As a kind of commonly used target cells in gene therapy, T lymphocytes play an important role in graft-versus-host disease ( GVHD) and other diseases.It is of great significance for increasing the infection efficiency of the target gene to T lymphocytes on this kind of disease for gene therapy.In this paper, we summarize the application of lentivirus-based RNAi in T lymphocytes.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss how to exploit and improve the rural drug market.METHODS:The status quo,major problems and the causes of which in China rural drug market were analyzed by referring to recent relative data and information on rural drug market.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The chief causes of the current problems in China rural drug market lie in the supplying network and supervising network,the exploitation and improvement of which require the co-ef?forts of the government and pharmaceutical enterprises.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the necessity,feasibility and methods for exploitation of private brand products in pharmaceutical retail enterprises.METHODS:Recent data and materials about the pharmaceutical retail industry were referred to,the background for the rise of private brands in pharmaceutical retail industry,the advantages of private brand,and the current exploiting situation of private brand products in domestic pharmaceutical retail enterprises were analyzed.RESULT &CONCLUSION:With the considerable scale,distributing net,marketing,brand management and desirable reputation,pharmaceutical retail enterprises can choose appropriate products,methods and brand positioning to exploit private brand products.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the possible influence of the Regulation on the Stock Trade between Retailers and Suppliers(which was called in the following as “Regulation” for short) on drug retailing for the reference of drug retailers and suppliers.METHODS:The origin and the status quo of “Regulation” were studied and the influence of which on drug retailing was analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Drug retailing was considerably influenced by policy factor,this issue of “Regula_tion” may change some unfair business behaviors such as delaying in payment and charging unreasonable entrance fee,and influences the strength contrast between drug retailers and suppliers.

Objective To identify major factors which affect the completion quality of projects and build predictive models,and to propose strategies and suggestions for total process quality management of clinical research projects of the hospital.Methods Collect relevant literatures from home and abroad;consult completion reports of various research projects completed from 2003 to 2010 and sum up problems found in such projects.Carry out in-depth interviews with principal investigators,supervisors of scientific research of the hospital as well as administrators of sponsor institutions.A questionnaire survey was made on completed clinical research projects undertaken from 2003 to 2010.Results Six key factors affecting implementation of such projects were derived from factor analysis,which are research technology and external environment,project teamwork,research subject availability,project organization,manpower input,and research design.A multiple logistic regression analysis found project internal management and manpower input as two leading predictive factors for project completion outcomes,while the former has a greater impact than the latter.Conclusion Project management should focus on the 6 key factors affecting project quality.The two main predictive factors should attract greater attention and resources in both supervision and management.

The scientific research fund is an important resource for carrying out the scientific re-search projects effectively. Whether it can be reasonable used not only relates to the fulfilled quality, bene-fit, using direction and quantity, but also makes the reformation of management methods inevitable with the increase of quantities of the projects and funds. By summarizing the previously practical experiences, this paper explored the network managements of scientific research funds based on workflow in the hospital. By means of computer and network, the concept of workflow was further introduced to the application of platform of scientific research funds management. It embodies the charactor of approval flow in workflow management system. Finally the data of scientific research funds can be shared and integrated into multi-departments, so it is beneficial to improve the fund's benefit and strengthens the supervision in the whole process manage-ment.

OBJECTIVE:To measure and analysis the related costs of drug-induced liver injury (D1LI) from different decision makers,and to provide reference for reducing related costs of DILI,improving medical insurance system and realizing effective health resource distribution.METHODS:In retrospective study,60 cured or recovered DILI inpatieuts were randomly selected as subjects from medical record management system of 4 hospitals in Henan province during Jun.2014-Jun.2015.Demographic character istic,clinical characteristic and related cost of DILI were analyzed retrospectively and the cost structure was also analyzed from different decison makers (patient,society,medical insurance payer).RESULTS:The total direct medical cost of 60 cases was 584 113.05 yuan,and total direct non-medical cost was 31 093.15 yuan and total indirect cost was 169 379.95 yuan.The total cost of DILI of fered by patients was 616 296.38 yuan;the total cost of DILI offered by society was 784 586.15 yuan;the total cost of DILI offered by medical insurance was 168 289.77 yuan.CONCLUSIONS:DILI results in serious economic damage for patients and society,deserving attracting extensive attention worldwide.The study provide reference for reducing patient's medical burden and improving medical insurance system,and contribute to optimize medical resource distribution.

Objective To compare the value of automatic breast volume scanner (ABVS) with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in the diagnosis of breast masses.Methods Seventy-four patients with 80 breast masses underwent preoperative ultrasound examinations including ABVS and MRI.The values of ABVS and MRI in the diagnosis of breast masses were comparatively analyzed.Results Among the 80 breast masses that were surgically removed,37 masses were benign and 43 masses were malignant.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ABVSin the diagnosis of breast malignant masses were 94.6％,79.1％,86.3％,79.5％ and 94.4％,respectively,those of MRI were 94.6 ％,86.0 ％,90.0 ％,85.4 ％ and 94.9 ％,respectively,and those of the combination of ABVS and MRI were 94.6％,93.0％,93.8％,92.1％,and 95.2％,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity were not significant difference between ABVS and MRI in the diagnosis of breast malignant masses(P ＞0.05).The specificity of the combination ABVS and MRI in the diagnosis of breast malignant masses were significantly higher than that of ABVS (x2 =4.17,P =0.04).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of convergence sign in the diagnosis of breast malignant masses were 64.9 ％,97.7 ％ and 82.5 ％,respectively.Conclusions ABVS and MRI are both valuable in the diagnosis of breast masses,and the combination of ABVS and MRI is the most valuable due to high specificity.

Objeetive To investigate the effects of nimodipine combined with edaravone on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods The consecutive patients with aSAH who underwent microsurgical clipping were included retrospectively.All patients received intravenous prophylaxis with nimodipine,and some patients also used edaravone (30 mg,twice a day for 2 weeks).They were divided into either a CVS group or a non-CVS group according to the findings of transcranial Doppler.They were also divided into a DCI group and a non-DCI group according to the findings of CT reexamination and clinical examination.The demographics,baseline clinical data,Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,Fisher grade,Humt-Hess grade,and aneurysm location of all patients were collected.The multivariate logistics regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for CVS and DCI.Results A total of 220 patients with aSAH were enrolled in the study,132 (60.0％) had CVS and 106 (48.2％) had DCI.One hundred twenty-three patients (55.9％)were treated with nimodipine + edaravone,97 were treated with nimodipine alone,none of them died.The incidences of CVS (51.2％ vs.71.1％;x2 =8.962,P =0.003) and DCI (35.0％ vs.65.0％;x2 =19.535,P ＜0.001) in patients receiving nimodipine + edaravone therapy were significantly lower than those receiving nimodipine alone.The proportions of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking,high Fisher grade in the CVS group were significantly higher than those in the non-CVS group (all P ＜0.05),while the proportion of patients receiving nimodipine + edaravone therapy (47.7％ vs.68.2％;g2 =8.962,P =0.003) and the GCS score (11.2 ±3.1 vs.13.4 ±2.6;t =5.492,P＜0.001) were significantly lower than those in the non-CVS group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low GCS score (odds ratio [OR] 6.57,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.04-12.96;P=0.001),high Fisher grade (OR 5.39,95％ CI 4.09-20.15;P =0.004),hyperlipidemia (OR 4.39,95％ CI 2.97-34.15;P =0.004),hypertension (OR 3.24,95％ CI 1.06-13.47;P=0.016) were the independent risk factors for CVS,while received nimodipine + edaravone was the independent protective factor for CVS (OR 0.39,95％ CI0.13-0.91;P =0.039).The proportions of patients with hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking,and high Fisher grade in the DCI group were significantly higher than those in the non-DCI group (all P ＜0.05),while the proportion of patients received nimodipine + edaravone (40.6％ vs.70.2％;x2 =19.535,P ＜ 0.001) and the GCS score (10.2 ± 2.4 vs.13.8 ± 2.6;t =10.648,P ＜ 0.001) were significantly lower.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low GCS score (OR 8.92,95％ CI 2.48-26.94;P =0.001),high Fisher grade (OR 7.49,95％ CI 1.96-20.47;P =0.001) were the independent risk factors for DCI,while.received nimodipine +edaravone was an independent protective factor for DCI (OR 0.27,95％ CI 0.08-0.97;P =0.020).Conclusions Compared with nimodipine alone,nimodipine combined with edaravone can significantly reduce the incidences of CVS and DCI.The GCS score,high Fisher grade,and hypertension are the independent risk factors for CVS and DCI in patients with aSAH,and nimodipine combined with edaravone is the independent protective factor for CVS and DCI.

Objective:To understand the laboratory characteristics for the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD).Methods:The clinical data of 28 patients with IgG4-RD and renal damage (IgG4-RKD) diagnosed in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between serum IgG4 concentration and clinical features as well laboratory test results was analyzed. The 28 patients were divided into two groups: high serum IgG4 concentration group and normal serum IgG4 concentration group. The serum creatinine value, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, IgG concentration, IgA concentration, complement C3, C4 concentration, peripheral blood eosinophils, hemoglobin, IgG4/IgG and other related parameters were compared between the two groups. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for analysis. The two groups of measurement parameters were compared between groups by independent sample t test, non-normal measurement parameters were compared between groups by Mann-Whitney U test analysis, and the correlation between patients' IgG4 and each detection parameter was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results:Among the 28 patients, 17 were male and 11 were female, with an average age of (62±14) years. The serum IgG4 concentration increased in 75% of the patients ( n=21), with an average value of 3.01(1.41, 7.52) g/L, the serum IgG concentration increased in 64.3% of patients ( n=18), with an average value of 18.91 (12.88, 24.88) g/L, and the complement C3 decreased in 50% of the patients ( n=14), with an average value of(0.77±0.28) g/L. IgG4 was positively correlated with IgG ( r=0.422, P=0.025), IgG4/IgG ( r=0.951, P<0.01), ESR ( r=0.543, P<0.01) and peripheral blood eosinophils ( r=0.487, P<0.01), but negatively correlated with complement C3 ( r=-0.431, P=0.022) and C4 ( r=-0.504, P<0.01) levels. There were significant differences in IgG ( Z=-2.255, P=0.023), IgG4/IgG ( Z=-3.793, P<0.01), C3 ( t=7.380, P<0.01) and ESR ( t=-2.195, P=0.037) between the elevated IgG4 group and the normal group. Conclusion:Serological characteristics of IgG4-RKD combined with clinical manifestations may be able to diagnose IgG4-RKD in early stage.