Objective To estimate the expressions of cyclin D1 and Ki67 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and their clinical significance. Methods The expressions of cyclin D1 and Ki67 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 28 specimens esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 33 samples esophagitis tissue. Results The positive expression rate of cyclin D1 in ESCC and esophagitis tissues was 60.7% (17/28) and 33.3% (11/33) respectively (?2=4.573,P=0.032),while the mean Ki67 label index (Ki67 LI) was (49.21?25.15)% and (11.62?9.87)% respectively (t=7.908,P=0.000). The positive expression rate of cyclin D1 in TNM stage I tissues was 14.3% (1/7),which was significantly lower than that in stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ tissues[85.7% (6/7) and 100% (5/5),P=0.029 and 0.015,respectively]. In cases with lymph node metastasis,the positive rate of cyclin D1 expression was 90.9% (10/11) that was significantly higher than that in those without lymph node metastasis (P=0.016). The 28 patients with ESCC were followed up for 6 to 34 months [mean,(25.0?4.2) months],during which 19 patients survived,4 patients died of deterioration of the primary diseases (3 cases) or cerebrovascular affair (1 case),and the other 5 patients was lost to follow-up. Conclusions The expression of cyclin D1 is correlated with advanced tumor and lymph node metastasis. The Ki67 is highly expressed in ESCC tissues; no relationship exists between the level of the expression and the pathological differentiation type and TNM stage of ESCC.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for prognosis in liver cirrhotic patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in patients with liver cirrhosis,who were admitted to the hospital for EVB between January 2000 and December 2006 . All patients were follow-up to August 31st, 2009. The death of the patients was identified as the end of the study. The vital signs and results of laboratory tests were recorded when patients were admitted to the hospital. Child-Pugh score/grade, model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score and Rockall score were calculated. Results Ninty-five cases (66 males and 29 females) were enrolled in the study. Among them, 60 cases died and 35 cases survived for (42. 61±33.21) months (ranged from 2 days to 114 months). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, male, Child-Pugh score/grade, MELD score, Rockall score, white blood cell counts and active hepatitis B were risk factors for death in liver cirrhotic patients with EVB (P＜0.05), while high level of hemoglobin and high hematocrit, endoscopic variceal sclerosis therapy or surgical treatment were protective factors (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Child-Pugh grade (RR= 4. 997,95%CI:2. 787～8. 960, P＜0.01),Rockall score (RR= 1. 284,95%CI:1. 062～1. 553,P=0. 010), high counts of white blood cells (RR= 1. 072,95%CI: 1. 001 ～ 1. 148, P= 0. 046) were risk factors for prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with EVB. Conclusion It is demonstrated that Child-Pugh grade,Rockall score and high counts of white blood cells are risk factors for prognosis of liver cirrhotic patients with EVB.

In order to study the chemical constituents in the water extract of the stem of Nauclea officinalis, column chromatography over D101 macroporous resin and silica gel and an automatic purification system were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from the extract. Nine compounds were obtained. By analysis of the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as naucleamide G (1), 3, 4-dimethoxyphenol-beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), kelampayoside A (3), 3alpha, 5alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycordifoline lactam (4), naucleamide A-10-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), pumiloside (6), 3-epi-pumiloside (7), strictosamide (8) and vincosamide (9), separately. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compound 2 was found in plants of the genus Nauclea for the first time, and compounds 3 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interieukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL- 1ra) on mesangial cells proliferation and nitric oxide synthesis. METHODS: Glomerular mesangial cells from SD rats were cultured. The first and second passages of cultured cells were used for the experiment. LPS and LPS plus IL- 1ra were added in cell cultures, respectively. By using chemical method the nitrite in supernatants was measured ,3H- TaR incorporation was determined to evaluate the GMC proliferation. Northern and slot hybridizations were performed to detect the expression of iNOS mRNA. RESULTS: There were expression of iNOS mRNA, more production of nitrite(0.64 + 0.25 vs 0. 12 + 0.06 nmol/104 cell) in supernatants and GMC proliferation(3735 + 1177.9 vs 1785 + 280.6) in LPS group compared to the control. While compared with LPS group, in LPS + IL- 1ra GMC group, expression of iNOS mRNA decreased by 40%, nitrite increased(3.28 + 0.33 nmol/104 cell), proliferation of GMC decreased (818 + 77.27). CONCLUSION: LPS could activate the GMC to express iNOS mRNA and produce more nitrite. IL - 1ra could partially inhibit the effects of LPS on the expression of iNOS mRNA in GMC, but not nitrite. There is no synchronous correlation between NO production and GMC proliferation.

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided subcostal transverses abdominis plane (TAP) block with dexmedetomidine after laparoscopic radical operation. Methods 40 patients underwent laparoscopic radical operation for colorectal cancer were randomized into dexmedetomidine group (group DEX) and control group (group CON). All the patients received ultrasound-guided subcostal TAP block after operation, Group DEX with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg and 0.25% ropivacaine to 20 ml, and group CON with 0.25% ropivacaine 20 ml. All the patients were assessed with Ramsay scores and the pain at rest and on coughing were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 2, 6, 12, 24 and 24 hours after operation. The highest level and the duration of sensory blockade, the first time and the total times of pressing the analgesia pump in the first day after operation, and the requirements of sufentanil were recorded. First flatus time, first diet time and the length of hospital stay were compared. Results The scores of VAS were significantly less (P<0.001), and the Ramsay scores were more in the group DEX than in the group CON (P<0.01) 2, 6 and 12 hours after operation; with the longer time of sensory blockade (P<0.001), the later to first press the analgesia pump (P<0.001), the less frequence of pressing the analgesia pump (P<0.001), and less dosage of sufentanil (P<0.001). The first flatus time, first diet time were significantly earlier in the group DEX than in the group CON (P<0.001), with the less length of total hospital stay (P<0.001). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can promote the anaesthesia of ultrasound-guided subcostal TAP block with ropivacaine and improve the recovery after laparoscopic radical operation.

Telomeres are protective caps located at the ends of human chromosomes. Telomeres shorten with each successive cell di-vision in normal human cells, whereas they are continuously elongated by human telomerase in over 85%of tumors. This simple and attractive difference steers the development of anticancer drugs targeting telomeres and telomerase. Many promising current telo-mere/telomerase-targeting agents, such as GRN163L and GV1001, showed good therapeutic effect both in preclinical studies and phaseⅠ/Ⅱclinical trials. These agents have even entered phaseⅢclinical trials in patients with various tumors. Most therapeutics are more effective when used in combination with standard chemotherapies. Moreover, pharmacological interference with tumor-cell telomere biology to reduce telomere length and/or telomere stability could enhance the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy. Therapeutics targeting telomere/telomerase may play a key role in radiotherapy in the era of personalized medicine in the future.

AIM:To study whether cordycepin (Cordy) plays a role in myocardial protection by regulating the expression of microRNA-455 ( miR-455) and reducing apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in the ischemia -reperfusion (IR) rats.METHODS: SD rats (250 ~300 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, the chests of the rats were only opened;IR group, the rats were given myocardial ischemia for 30 min, and then reperfusion for 120 min;IR+Cordy group:before IR, the rats were given Cordy (10 mg/kg) through femoral vein injection once a day for one week, and the last injection was given 30 min before ischemia.Automated biochemical analysis was used to detect rat serum activity of LDH and CK-MB.The myocardial endothelial cell ( EC) apoptotic rate was measured by TUNEL , and the ultrastructural changes of the myocardial EC were observed under transmission electron microscope .RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-455 and the mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 ( Grp78) and caspase-12 in the myo-cardium.RESULTS:Compared with control group, EC apoptosis in IR group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with IR group , EC apoptosis in IR +Cordy group decreased significantly ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with control group, swelling of mitochondria , irregular membrane , loose wrinkles with vacuoles , disappeared matrix granules , irregular nuclear membrane , chromatin condensation , disappeared nucleoli and even small apoptosis body in the EC were found in IR group.Compared with IR group , the symptoms in IR +Cordy group were greatly improved .Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of Grp78 and caspase-12 as well as the miR-455 level in IR group was increased (P<0.05). Compared with IR group , the mRNA expression of Grp78 and caspase-12, as well as the miR-455 level in IR+Cordy group was decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Cordycepin attenuates myocardial EC apoptosis , down-regulates the expres-sion of miR-455, and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in the myocardium .

Objective To assess the characteristics of different doses of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury,further to understand mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were first randomly divided into two groups:control group (n =6) and AKI group (n =12).Then,AKI group was subsequently divided into other two groups according to different dose of cisplatin (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg).AKI group received intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin.All mice were sacrificed after 72 h of injection.Renal biochemical function,renal pathological changes,renal injury markers,kidney mitochondrial function and structural changes were observed.Results (1) After 72 hours of injection,the AKI group performed significant kidney injury changes compared to control group,thereinto 20 mg/kg group was more serious than 10 mg/kg group.With the cisplatin dose increasing,renal function markers such as serum creatinine,urine protein gradually increased.(2)Kidney biopsy showed tubular structural damage,the formation of protein casts,kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) gradually increased(P ＜ 0.05).(3)Electron microscopy found tubular mitochondrial structural damage,mtDNA copy number decreased,the level of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α),ATP synthase β decreased(P ＜ 0.05),and Western blotting manifested cytochrome C was released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm.These data all exhibited significant difference between different groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cisplatin induces acute kidney injury in dose-dependent manner.Mitochondrial dysfunction participates in kidney injury,and is also related to the kidney pathological damage.

Objective To establish a duplex fluorescence PCR for detection of HIV proviral DNA and to evaluate its application for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants .Methods A duplex fluores-cence PCR system was set up based on TaqMan technology for detection of human ribonuclease P ( RNase P) gene and long terminal repeat ( LTR) region of HIV.A recombinant plasmid containing the targeted gene fragment , pTG19-T, was constructed by TA cloning technique and used as the template for evaluation of sen -sitivity of the assay .Blood samples from 11 healthy individuals and 98 HIV-infected patients were collected and detected to validate the assay specificity .The assay of duplex fluorescence PCR was then carried out to detect 96 infant blood samples collected from several maternal and child health hospitals in Zhejiang province from January 2011 to September 2012 for early diagnosis of HIV infection .The results were compared with those by using the Roche HIV DNA qualitative detection kit .Results The established duplex fluorescence PCR could specifically detect HIV proviral DNA with a specificity of 100%and a detection sensitivity of 100 cps per reaction .The coincidence rate between the established assay and the Roche HIV DNA qualitative de -tection kit was 100%in the detection of 96 blood samples .Conclusion The duplex fluorescence PCR as-say showed advantages of cost-effectiveness , convenience , good specificity and accuracy with high sensitivi-ty.It could be used for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and also as a general technical platform for the detection of HIV proviral DNA .

AIM: To investigate the effects of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist(IL-1ra) on mesangial cells proliferation and nitric oxide synthesis. METHODS: Glomerular mesangial cells from SD rats were cultured. The first and second passages of cultured cells were used for the experiment. LPS and LPS plus IL-1ra were added in cell cultures, respectively. By using chemical method the nitrite in supernatants was measured,3H-TdR incorporation was determined to evaluate the GMC proliferation. Northern and slot hybridizations were performed to detect the expression of iNOS mRNA. RESULTS: There were expression of iNOS mRNA, more production of nitrite(0.64?0.25 vs 0.12?0.06 nmol/104 cell) in supernatants and GMC proliferation(3735?1177.9 vs 1785?280.6) in LPS group compared to the control. While compared with LPS group, in LPS+IL-1ra GMC group, expression of iNOS mRNA decreased by 40%, nitrite increased(3.28?0.33 nmol/104 cell), proliferation of GMC decreased (818?77.27). CONCLUSION: LPS could activate the GMC to express iNOS mRNA and produce more nitrite. IL-1ra could partially inhibit the effects of LPS on the expression of iNOS mRNA in GMC, but not nitrite. There is no synchronous correlation between NO production and GMC proliferation.