18F fluorodeoxyglucose, as a kind of tracer, has its limitations in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) is a kind of new tracer. The value of 18F-FLT in diagnosis of tumor, tumor staging and assessment of therapeutic effects was reviewed in this article.

Objective:To explore the influences of different sexes and ages on children static balance at the basis of quantitative comparison study of static postural balance of children aged 6-8(-year-odl).Method:A total of 499 children aged 6-8-year-old were recruited,which include 254 boys and 245 girls.Static postural balance test of these subjects was performed by using KY-1112 system for stabilometric analysis with subjects opening and closing eyes situations.Result:①There was a significant gender difference in static balance.At gender comparison,there was a significant difference on 3 indicators at the situations with eyes opening(P<0.05),and 3 indicators at the situations with eyes closing(P<0,01).②A significant difference Was shown in age comparison on 5 indicators(P<0.05).The mean of 5 indicators decreased with age growing.As compared with the value among Eve Area(with eyes opening and closing)and Track location Variance (with eyes opening).there Was a significant difference between children aged 8-year-old and 6-7-year-old(P<0.01),and no significant difference between 6-year-old and 7-year-old.There was a very significant difference on the LNG indicators at the situations with eyes opening and closing(P<0.01).③The value R indicator Was less than 1.Conclusion:To the children aged 6-8-year-old,there was significant gender difference in static balance,the balance function of girls was better than that of boys;there was significant age difference in static balance,with age growing the static balance rose also;relatively speaking,the gravity center shaking area was larger at forward and backward than that at leftward and rishtward.

Objetive To analyze the standard of training and evaluation on semi-automatic biochemical analyzer to improve grass-root medical unit in training on the analyzer.Methods The standard was analyzed and expounded from the aspects of scope of application,requirements,subjects setting,key links as well as the demands of evaluation scoring scale.Results The main points of the standard included elementary knowledge of biochemical analysis as well as the structure,principle,installation,operation,application,maintenance and etc of the semi-automatic biochemical analyzer.The integration of personnel and instrument contributed to accurate and rapid output of test report.Conclusion It is necessary to grasp accurately the connotation of the standard to improve the quality of medical equipment training.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the influences of conditioned medium from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on cancer stem cell phenotype of human hepatoma cells. HUVEC and human hepatoma cells (MHCC97H) were cultured, respectively, and then the MHCC97H cells were co-cultured with conditioned medium from HUVEC (EC-CM) with Transwell system. Anti-cancer drug sensitivity, colony-formation, migration/invasion ability, expression of cancer stem cell marker and sphere formation were performed to determine the cancer stem cell phenotype in MHCC97H cells. We found that MHCC97H cells co-cultured with EC-CM exhibited significantly higher colony-formation ability and lower sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs 5-FU and Cis. Transwell assay showed that treatment with EC-CM obviously increased migration and invasion of MHCC97H cells. Moreover, increased sphere forming capability and expression of CD133 in MHCC97H cells were observed after co-cultured with EC-CM. These results suggested that EC-CM could promote cancer stem cell phenotype of hepatoma cells.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; chemistry ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Phenotype

Objective To investigate the effect of norepinephrine infusion at 0.03-0.3 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 on renal function in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients aged 22-64 yr weighing 44-88 kg undergoing kidney transplantation were studied. Dialysis was performed within 36 h before operation. Blood pressure was fairly stable. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) was performed. Spinal anesthesia was performed at L2,3 interspace and hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine 10-15 mg was injected into the subarachnoid space. The upper level of sensory block measured by pin-prick reached T6. Epidural catheter was placed at T11,12 interspace and 1% ropivacaine was given intermittently. The patients were randomly allocated into preoperative baseline level (increase or decrease amplitude ＜ 10% of baseline level) by dopamine or norepinephrine infusion during operation. Venous blood samples and urine samples were obtained at the end of operation and 12 h after operation for determination of serum concentrations of cystatin C and β2-microglobulin and urine α1- and β2-microglobulin concentrations. Urine was collected and the volume was recorded. Meanwhile the consumption of furosemide administration during the 12 h after operation was recorded. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, M/F sex ratio, body weight, the volume of urine and fluid infused, and the consumption of furosemide. There was no significant difference in serum cystatin C and β2-microgiobulin and urine α1- and β2-microglobulin concentratious, urine volume and consumption of furosemide administration between the transplantation without adverse effect on kidney allograft function.

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous apelin-13 on oxidative stress, myocardial inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in diabetic model rats.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group (NC, n=8) and experimental group (EX, n=32).Diabetes was induced by feeding with high-sugary and high-fat diet for 8 weeks and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg).The wellestablished 28 diabetic model rats were then randomly divided into 2 subgroups: model group (DM, n =14) and apelin-13 administration group (AP, n =14).The rats in AP group were given intraperitoneal administration of apelin-13 at a single dose of 0.1 μtmol · kg-1 · d-1 for 10 weeks, while NC group and DM group were given 0.9％ NaCl in the same way.All rats were sacrificed at the end of the week 10.Blood hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured by colorimetry, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry.Masson staining was used to observe the myocardial fibrosis in rats of different groups.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL.Results (1) Compared with NC groups, DM group showed that MDA, H2O2 and NO were significantly increased, while SOD was significantly decreased (F=22.400, 6.230, 4.267 and 8.901, all P＜0.0167).There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of MDA, H2O2,SOD between DM group and AP group.(2) The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly higher inDMgroup than inNCgroup (0.0599±0.0208 vs.0.0076±0.0031, F=35.139;0.0503±0.0243 vs.0.0071± 0.0024, F=15.946, both P＜0.0167).After 10 weeks of apelin-13 administration, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in AP group than in DM group.(3) The myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were significantly increased in DM group than in NCgroup [0.0293±0.0061 vs.0.0030-t-0.0013 and 0.0708±0.0420 vs.0.0013±0.0003, F=84.930 and 19.420, both P＜0.0167].The myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were significantly decreased in AP group than in DM group (both P＜0.0167).Conclusions To some extent, apelin13 reduces the levels of oxidative stress and myocardial inflammation reaction in type 2 diabetes.Moreover, it may play a vital role in the improvement of myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the change of the cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease(PD) with cognitive impairment.Methods Fifty patients with PD and twenty normal controls were enrolled in this study.Based on MMSE score,the PD patients were divided into PD-NC(n=25) and the PDD(n=25) group.Twenty age-and sex-matched physical health examinationer were colleted as control group.Using the SPM to analyze the characteristics of the metabolism in different cognitive level io PD patients.Results (1) Compared with control group,P D-NC group showed significant hypermetabolism in occipital (-24,-92,10),parietal (-48,12,-16) and temporal lobe(52,8,-32).(2)Compared with control group,the glucose metabolism of PDD group decreased in most cerebral cortex and subcortex.(3)Compared with PD-NC group,the metabolism of parietal lobe (-42,-48,40),occipital lobe (-22,-96,-6) and tetnporal lobe (-42,-58,16) reduced in PDD group.Conclusion Cortical brain metabolism decreases in PD-NC group.The degree and scope of glucose metabolism of PDD group will increase with the progress of cognitive dysfunction.These features could help with the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives To investigate the effects of Apelin 13 on myocardial metabolism in diabetic rats.Methods A total of 40 male Wister rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC,n=8) and experimental group (n =32).Diabetic rats model were induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).The wellestablished 28 diabetic model rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group (DM,n=14) and apelin-13 treated group (n=14).In the Apelin-13 group,diabetic rats were administered Apelin-13 [0.1 μmol/(kg · d)]by intraperitoneal injection for 10 weeks,while the control group and diabetic model group were given an equal volume of 0.9％ NaCl.At the end of the 10th week,all rats were sacrificed after fasting glucose measurement.Levels of serum free fatty acids (FFA) and myocardial FFA were measured by ELISA.Expression of myocardial glucose transporter member 4 (GLUT4) were detected by immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expressions of myocardial PPARα,CD36 and CPT-1 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results Fasting blood glucose,serum FFA and myocardial FFA were significantly higher in DM group than in NC group (all P＜ 0.05).The level of plasma glucose and myocardial FFA were significant lower(P＞0.05) in Apelin-13 treated group than in DM group;but serum FFA was not significantly lower(P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of PPARα,CD36,CPT-1 in cardiac myocyte were higher in DM group and Apelin-13 treated group than in control(P＜0.05),and lower in Apelin-13 treated group than in DM group(P＜ 0.05).The expression of myocardial GLUT4 was significantly lower in DM group(1.138±0.316)and in Apelin-13-treated group (4.631 ± 1.832) than in NC group(9.132 ± 2.156),(F=65.507,P＜ 0.05),and higher in Apelin-13-treated group than in DM group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Apelin-13 increases myocardial expression of GLUT4,improves utilization of FFA,and it can effectively reduce the expression of PPARα,CD36 and CPT-1.Therefore,it may play a vital role in the improvement of myocardial metabolism in diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the expression of miR-9 in the ipsilesional hemisphere of rats with focal cerebral ischemia.Methods A rat model of acute focal cerebral ischemia was established using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO).Rats were then randomly assigned to a sham group,a control group or an rTMS group.Daily rTMS treatments (10 trains with 30 pulses per train and 50-second breaks between trains at 120％ of the resting motor threshold) were targeted at the ipsilesional MI cortex beginning one day after the tMCAO.After the treatment the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ipsilesional SVZ was identified by double immunofluorescence staining (BrdU/nestin).The expression of miR-9 was evaluated using quantitative PCR.Results Compared with the other two groups,BrdU + Nestin + cells in the ipsilesional SVZs of the rTMS group increased and the expression of miR-9 decreased significantly.Conclusion rTMS can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells and inhibit the expression of miR-9 in the ipsilesional hemisphere after focal cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) in PD patients with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) using 18F-FDG PET/CT,and to analyze the correlation between the progress of PD-CI and CGM changes.Methods A total of 31 idiopathic PD patients (14 males,17 females,aged 37-77 years) from May 2013 to February 2014 were divided into 3 groups based on Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA):none CI in PD (PD-NC) group (MOCA＞26 scores),mild CI in PD (PD-MCI) group (MOCA 21-26 scores),PD with dementia (PDD) group (MOCA＜21 scores).The normal controls (NC) group included 12 age-and gender-matched healthy adults (7 males,5 females,aged 40-76 years).All subjects underwent PET/CT imaging after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG(5.55 MBq/kg).MIMneuro software was used to analyze the data.The correlation between the CGM and cognitive function was analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis.Results (1) Compared with NC group,PDD group presented a widespread cortical metabolism decrease in frontal,parietal,temporal,occipital 19bes and the limbic lobe;PD-MCI group showed hypometabolic areas in the parietal and occipital lobes,and with less extent in the frontal and temporal lobes;PD-NC group showed no significant cerebral hypometabolism.(2) Compared with PD-NC group,PDD group showed widespread cortical metabolism decrease in occipital lobe,temporal lobe,partial parietal cortex and the posterior cingulated cortex.Compared with PD-MCI group,PDD group had lower metabolism,mainly in posterior brain areas (parietal,occipital and temporal lobes).Compared with PD-NC group,PD-MCI group showed hypometabolism in right supramarginal gyrus and the left parahippocampal gyrus.(3) There were positive correlations between visuospatiaL/executive function and visual cortex metabolism,angular gyrus metabolism or superior parietal lobule metabolism (r =0.535,0.443,0.395;all P＜0.05).A positive correlation was also found between delayed memory and heschl's gyrus metabolism (r=0.337,P＜0.05).Conclusions The cerebral glucose metabolism detected with 18F-FDG PET/CT is well correlated with MOCA assessments.Thus it may be helpful in evaluation of the progress of cognitive impairments in PD.