Dioxin-like compounds are a class of persistent organic pollutants(POPs).Because of their high toxicity, stability and bioaccumulation, they have serious effects on human health and environment.Studies on the toxicity of dioxins have involved in many aspects, such as reproduction toxicity, immune toxicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, and so on.However, few studies of the effects on intelligence had been done,and its potential mechanism had not been reported till now.In this review, the authors tried to generalize the relationship between dioxins and intelligence based on animal behavioral tests and population investigations and hypothesize its potential mechanisms.

Objective To explore the detection rate and major risk factors of nodular thyroid diseases among adults.Methods A total of 35 495 adults who carried out health checkup during January 1st,2009 and December 31th,2010 in our center were assessed for the occurance of nodular thyroid diseases and the size and number of thyroid nodules by age and gender.Chi-square test,rank sum test and Chi-square trend test were used for data analysis.Results The total detection rate of nodular thyroid diseases was 33.87％ (female vs male:41.76％ vs 29.68％).The prevalence of single thyroid nodule was decreased with age,as opposed to multi-thyroid nodules.Single thyroid nodule was more commonly seen in males,which was reversed in multi-thyroid nodules.Small,middle and large thyroid nodules were found in 77.49％,18.19％ and 4.32％ males or 72.57％,21.59％ and 5.84％ females,respectively.Moreover,thyroid cancer was detected in 0.4‰ of those with nodular thyroid diseases.Conclusions The detection rate of nodular thyroid diseases among adult health checkup receivers was higher,which calls on the needs of intensive monitor and effective prevention of the condition.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Gram-negative bacilli in Tangshan, and provide reference for the early identification of Gram-negative bac?teria CAP and the clinical use of antibiotics. Methods Data of retrospective general information, physical examination, aux?iliary examination and pathogen were collected in patients with CAP in respiratory department from 6 hospitals in Tangshan between October 2011 to September 2012. According to the above data, the prognosis of patients with the team score (PORT) was calculated. The sputum samples were isolated for pathogen identification. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed for risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli. Results A total of 195 strains were isolated from 172 (32.45%) patients in 530 patients with CAP. There were 154 strains of Gram-negative ba?cilli (78.97%) and 41 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (21.03%) in 195 bacterial strains. Univariate logistic regression anal?ysis showed the possible risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including age≥65 years old, using antibi?otics before hospitalization, basic diseases, cerebrovascular disease, malnutrion, white blood cell abnormal, neutrophil count<1 × 109/L, PORT classification≥Ⅲ, total bilirubin>17.1μmol/L and blood urea nitrogen>7.1 mmol/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the independent risk factors of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with CAP including us?ing antibiotics before hospitalization (OR=2.327, 95%CI 1.453-3.725), white blood cell abnormal (OR=2.904, 95%CI 1.879-4.490), PORT classification≥Ⅲ(OR=3.839, 95%CI 2.427-6.071), and blood urea nitrogen elevated (OR=4.133, 95%CI 2.585-6.606). Conclusion Clinical empirical anti-infection treatment should consider the risk factors including using antibiotics before hospitalization, white blood cell abnormal, PORT classification≥Ⅲ and blood urea nitrogen>7.1 mmol/L in patients with susceptible to Gram-negative bacteria infection.

Purpose To explore the application value of ultrasound-guided thyroid fine needle aspiration liquid-based thin layer cytopathology combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 detection in preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Meth-ods Immunocytochemical staining was used to detect the ex-pression differences of p21 and Cyclin D1 between benign and malignant thyroid nodules,and their correlations the clinicopath-ological features.The diagnostic efficacy of US-FNAB,p21,Cyclin D1 and the three combined detection in benign and malig-nant thyroid nodules was evaluated by constructing receiver oper-ating curve.Results The expression of p21 and Cyclin D1 was up-regulated in the papillary thyroid carcinoma group,86.36%(57/66)and 93.94%(62/66),and 1.96%(1/52)and 5.77%(3/52)in the benign nodule group,respectively;the difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).The positive rates of p21 and Cyclin D1 in BRAF V600E wild type PTC were 88.89%(8/9).The expression of p21 and Cyc-lin D1 was correlated with the tumor size of PTC(P<0.05),but not with gender,age,number of tumor foci,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P>0.05).The sensitivity,speci-ficity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of US-FNAB,p21 and Cyclin D1 combined detection were 95.45%,98.07%,98.43%and 94.44%,respectively,which were higher than those of US-FNAB independent detection,and the sensitivity and negative predictive value were higher than those of BRAF V600E.The area under ROC curve of US-FNAB,p21 and Cyclin D1 combined detection(AUC = 0.967 7)was larger than that of US-FNAB(AUC = 0.849 9)and the difference between the two was statistically significant(P<0.05).The area under ROC curve of the combined detection of the three was greater than that of independent detection of BRAF V600E(AUC =0.931 8),and the combined detection of US-FNAB with p21(AUC = 0.946 4)or Cyclin D1(AUC = 0.944 3).It was close to that of US-FNAB combined BRAF V600E detection(AUC = 0.971 2).Conclusion US-FNAB combined with p21 and Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical detec-tion can help improve the sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and it has high diagnostic value for BRAF V600E wild-type papillary carcinoma.