OBJECTIVE To diminish and discontinue intra-hospital cross infection in oral medicine outpatient clinic.METHODS The administration of personal resources control was developed,the equipment and systemic control of aseptic process and isolation was reasonably arranged,and the quality control was enhanced.RESULTS Every criterion of aseptic and isolation work all adapted to the demanding set up by Ministry of Health referred to hospital infection control quality standard,oral medicine outpatient clinic infection control was standardized and regular scientific channel was set up.CONCLUSIONS Nursing administration care can play a main and key role in the control of cross infection inside hospital in oral medicine outpatient clinic.

Objective To investigate the influences of different intervention in maternal gestational diabetes newborn(IDMs)on blood glucose and complications in the perinatal period.Methods 205 IDMs were divided into observation group and control group.The observation group was born within 1 hour after birth or use baby bottles or nasogastric(feeding)feeding 10% glucose 5mL/kg.1-2 hours,raw milk,2-3 hours after until the normal blood glucose 2 times in a row.The control group was given priority to with breastfeeding,feeding difficulty with artificial feeding.Born after 1h,2h,3h,6h,12h,24h,48h,blood sugar,high statistical neonatal hypoglycemia,neonatal bilirubin levels,neonatal diseases were monitored.Results There was no significant difference in incidence of hypoglycemia between the two groups (P >0 .0 5 ).Born after2 h and 3 h ,the glucose levels ofthe control group were (3 .0 1 ± 0.45)mmol/L,(3.02 ±0.51 )mmol/L,respectively,those in the observation group were (3.14 ±0.72)mmol/L, (3.18 ±0.69)mmol/L,there were significant differences between the two groups(t =3.901,4.236,all P <0.05). The incidence rates of hypoglycemia in the control group 2h,3h after birth were 28.0%,19.0%,those in the observa-tion group were 5.7% and 2.8%,there were significant differences between the two groups(χ2 =9.215,6.852,all P <0.05).Born after 12h,24h,48h,the blood glucose levels in the two groups were in the normal range,there were no significant differences (all P >0.05 ).The incidence rate of hyperbilirubinemia in the observation group was 21.0%,which was significantly lower than the control group 8.6%,there was significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =5.216,P <0.05 ).Conclusion IDMs different intervention methods in the perinatal period can decrease the incidence of low blood sugar 2h,3h after birth,reduce the incidence of high neonatal bilirubin,and have no effect on other diseases of newborn babies.

46 cases of recurrent oral ulcer were treated by acupuncture,after treatment CD +3 ,CD +4 ,and CD +4 /CD +8 ratio of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of the patients were increased(P ＜0.05),CD +8 lymphocyte decreased(P ＜0.05).Acupuncture may improve cellular immune function of the patients with recurrent oral ulcer.

0.05).In2001the urinary? 2 -MG contents in cadmium-polluted area were also not significant different from that of the control area.Con clusion The present study indi cated that the renal disfunction had appeared in the part of women in cadmium-polluted area became of increased body burden of cad-mium induced by over-in taking cadmium from rice in1982and1987.However,the body burden of cadmium decreased and the renal function ameliorated and recovered gradually in women of cadmium polluted area following cessation of the intake of rice containing cadmium.

AIM To study whether chlorpromazine(CPZ) and verapamil (Ver) have protective effects on the nephrotoxicity of cadmium (Cd). METHODS Thirtytwo Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups.Each agent was injected 5 times per week for 6 weeks.The rats in Cd-treated group were sc injected with CdCl2 7μmol·kg-1. The rats of CPZ- and Ver- pretreated group were ip injected with CPZ 5 mg· kg- 1, Ver 4 mg· kg- 1,respectively, 1 h later sc injected with CdCl2 7 μ mol·kg- 1. The control group was sc injected with saline 2 mL·kg-1 at corresponding time. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the 24-h urine samples were collected. The renal cortex was also excised. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, protein and Cd concentration in urine were determined.The activities of protein kinase C (PKC), Na + -K + -ATPase, Ca2 + -ATPase and Cd concentration of renal cortex were also measured. RESULTS Cd concentrations of renal cortex and urine in rats from Cd-treated group were significantly higher than those of control group.Cd concentrations in urine of rats from CPZ- and Ver-pretreated groups were significantly lower than those of Cd-treated group, but there was no significant change in renal cortex. As compared with control group, LDH activity, protein content in urine and the activities of PKC, Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase in the rats of Cd-treated group increased significantly. LDH activity, protein content in urine and activities of PKC,Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase in rats of CPZ- and Ver-pretreated groups were significantly lower than those of Cd-treated group. CONCLUSIONCd could activate the activities of PKC,Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase. Moreover, pretreatment of CPZ and Ver could reduce nephrotoxicity of Cd.

Objective To evaluate the variability of four parameters of multi-focal electroretinogram (mERG) a-wave amplitude, b-wave amplitude, a-wave latent period, b-wave latent period. Methods Sixty normal eyes of 46 volunteers were divided into 3 groups of different ages. RETIscan 3 12 system was used to carry out mERG examination. The stimulus matrix of 61 hexagonal elements spanning the central 24?of the visual field. These hexons were scaled with eccentricity and divided into 5 rings. First-order kernel was selected. Results The variability of four parameters of mERG was great. The variability of b-wave latent period was the smallest, its coefficient of variatian was 4.52%～15.62%;that of a-wave latent period held the second place:10.29%~48.67%;that of b-wave amplitude was greater:25.92%~76.11%;that of a-wave amplitude was the greatest:43.82%~88.23%. The results of three groups showed that b-wave amplitude of ring 1 had the smallest variability. Conclusions The variability of latent period is smaller than that of amplitude; the variability of b-wave was smaller than that of a-wave. The longer the centrifugal distance, the lower the amplitude density of a-wave and b-wave. Physiological and anatomical factors might be important for the variability of parameters of multi-focal electroretinogram.

Objective To Clone,express,purify 38 ku protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis,to study its immunological characteristics,and to evaluate its potenial value for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.Methods Extract DNA from standard strain of H37Rv as the template,amplify gene of 38 ku protein by PCR,insert to PET-30a(+)and construct the recombinant plasmid,express 38 ku protein in E.coli BL21(DE3),purify by Nickel affinity chromatography,at last get target proteins of higher purity,analyze its immol/Lunological characteristics by Western blotting and ELISA technology from Feb.2003 to Mar.2004. Results The clone was analyzed at the nucleotide lever and showed the same DNA sequence coding for natural 38 ku protein. The recombinant protein expressed in inclusion body in E.coli BL21(DE3). The purity of terget protein was 92.7% by Nickel affinity chromatography,Western blotting assays showed that the recombinant protein had satisfactory antigenicity . 38 ku protein detected TB postive and negative refference serum based on the mechanism of indirect ELISA,results showed that the sensitivity was 80.5%(33/41)and the specificity reached to 96%(25/26).Conclusion The recombinant protein expressed in inclusion body in E.coli BL21(DE3)and had satisfactory antigenicity,and might be selected as one of serodiagnostic antigen of tuberculosis.

ObjectiveTo study the correlations among age,sex,eye and mERG results.Methods60 normal eyes of 46 volunteers were divided into 6 groups at different ages.RETIscan 3.12 system of Rodenstock was used to carry out mERG examination.ResultsVariation of mERG parameters among normal eyes was significant.Age,sex and eyes have little influence on mERG results,except latency A was longer in male than in female.The size of pupil and fixation were found to influence the results directly.ConclusionsCare should be exercised in explaining the results.Disease history and other examinations shoud be taken into consideration.Attention should be given to the changes in wave-form and vision mountain in addition to amplitudes and latencies.

BACKGROUND:Smoking is one of the major risk factors for the formation of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of cigarette smoke extract on the concentration of GATA-2 in the vascular smooth muscle cells and in which the role of the early growth response factor-1. METHODS:Vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro. The vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with various concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (0, 5%, 10%, 20%), then the reverse transcription PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expression of GATA-2. The vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with cigarette smoke extracts in the optimal concentration for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours, and then the expression of GATA-2 mRNA was observed, as wel as the changes of expression of GATA-2 mRNA after added with growth response factor-1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared to the 0 concentration group, the expression of GATA-2 mRNA after treated with low concentration (5%) of cigarette smoke extract was increased more significantly than moderate concentration (10%) and high concentration (20%). The vascular smooth muscle cells in 0 hour group expressed GATA-2 mRNA at low level. The GATA-2 mRNA began to increase within 4 hours and reached peak at the 8 hours after stimulated with cigarette smoke extract of 5%concentration. After added with growth response factor-1 inhibitors, the expression of GATA-2 mRNA in 5%cigarette smoke extract induced vascular smooth muscle cells was decreased. Cigarette smoke extract can promote the increasing of GATA-2 by growth response factor-1, while the GATA-2 expression is reduced after the inhibition of growth response factor-1.

The TCM theory over body constitution has been greatly developed in the past several decades.However,the body constitution for children still lacks a standard classification.Available studies often ignored the impacts of the factors,such as region,climate and diet,on the body constitution of children.Given this situation,the present review focused on the research progress on the discipline of TCM body constitution and its classification and differentiation in Chinese children,and put forward the development on this issue based on current state policy and our own research experience.It was suggested that scholars develop a well-recognized classification method for the TCM body constitution for children in a particular region before investigating interventions according to TCM body constitution.