AIM: To investigate cl in ical usage of drugs for respiratory system diseases. METHODS: Th e in-hospital records from November 2001 to February 2002 were investigated in a hospital. The usage and utilization of the drugs were analyzed with DDDs. Drug interactions were evaluated with a software (Reasonable Medication System). RESULTS: The frequency of use of antimicrobial accounted for 35% in total. The other two kinds were anti-asthma drugs and the removing fever of re ady-made traditional Chinese medicine. Some unreasonable interactions were foun d in this investigation. CONCLUSION: In the hospital, the usage of drugs for respiratory system diseases is rational on the whole, but drugs int eraction should not been neglected.

Cystatin C is widely present in nucleated cells of various tissues and body fluids as a cysteine protease inhibitor.It can predict the occurrence of diabetes,and it was significantly associated with diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications such as albuminuria,retinopathy,peripheral arterial disease,and coronary artery disease.This review introduces the research progress of cystatin C in diabetes and diabetic vascular complications.

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become the most common and costly metabolic problem in the world, and the genetic and environmental effects on the generation of obesity have become one of the focus factors in obesity research. Gene-chips have been reported as a useful tool in human adipose tissue research. OBJECTIVE: To determine the peripheral blood gene expression profile of Chinese adult obesities by gene chip technique for the first time. DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation. SETTING: Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was performed at the Basic Medical College of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between August 2003 and May 2004. Five obese patients, 4 males and 1 female, aged (21.4±0.9) years and three non-obese persons, 2 males and 1 female, aged (26.0±5.3) years were selected by the international body mass index (BMI) standard. The written informed consent was obtained from all subjects, and the research was approved by the medical ethical committee of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood, amplified and labeled. The quality and quantity of the processed samples were checked by Test3 array. The gene expression profiles were monitored by U133A set. The data was analyzed statistically, and the gene symbols with significant difference were searched in Gene BANK database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gene expression signal. RESULTS: Compared with non-obese adults, 66 genes showed up-regulated expression and 28 genes showed down-regulated, of which 11 genes were up-regulated above twofold, and 6 genes were down-regulated above twofold. The results demonstrated that HLA-DQAI (human leucocytic antigens), CRAT, MAPKSI3 and DKFZP434N1923 genes were up-regulated above 4 fold, and HLA-DQA1 gene was even up-regulated above 20 fold. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in peripheral blood gene expression profiles in Chinese adult obesities are found for the first time. The results indicate that obesity is strongly associated with MHC class II antigen HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB 1, etc.

ObjectiveTo use the rapid screening of low vision and cataract of Zhangjiakou agricultural region by free pupil hole bottom digital camera,to approach cataract needed operation and rural cataract of Zhangjiakou by free pupil hole bottom digital camera.MethodsTo screening of low vision and cataract of above 55 years the crowd of Zhangjiakou 10 suburban county.ResultsThe actual screening 438000 persons,lower visual acuity 41787persons,total number of screening 9.5％,binocular parallax 22305 persons,total number of screening 5.09％,All of the low number of total vision 64092 persons( 14.6％ ).The screening was also found,cataract 12439 persons,total number of screening 2.74％,cataract needed operation 4623 persons,total number of screening 1.06％.ConclusionUsing non-mydriatic fundus digital camera Zhangjiakou agricultural regions of low visual acuity and cataract rapid screening was feasible,Zhangjiakou agricultural area cataract prevention should focus on Zhangbei,Hong Bao,Shangyi County in a remote mountainous area,Zhangjiakou agricultural areas to establish an information sharing,efficient operation of multiple departments linkage mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effects of non-ionic low osmolar contrast media (LOCM) on the apoptosis and mRNA expression of Bcl-2/Bax in rat glomerular endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Methods Rat glomerular endothelial cells were exposed to ioversol with different concentrations for different time. Cell viability was then assessed by MTT method and morphological changes of cells were observed by inverted microscopy. In order to analyze cell apoptosis, DNA electrophoresis was applied. Meanwhile, the expression changes of Bcl-2/Bax at mRNA level were determined by RT-PCR. Results The viability of rat glomerular endothelial cells was inhibited by ioversol in a concentration and time dependent manner. After being exposed to ioversol(90 mL/L)for 24 h, the cells began to become crimple, round, and even floating. A typical DNA ladder determined by agarose gel electrophoresis was observed. Noticeably, the mRNA level of Bcl-2 in ioversol treated cells was down-regulated, while Bax was up-regulated, so that the ratio of Bcl-2 mRNA to Bax mRNA increased significantly. Conclusion Non-ionic LOCM can induce glomerular endothelial cells apoptosis, which may be partly due to the disturbance of Bcl-2/Bax balance. This is probably related to the pathogenesis of contrast media nephropathy.

Objective To evaluate the implication of LEEP cervical conization on the outcome of subse-quent pregnancy. Methods The study group comprised 85 women who had a LEEP in Renmin Hoapital of Wuhan University during Jan. 2005 and Jan. 2007 ,and then had a subaequent pregnancy. 109 control women were extracted from outpatient clinic who received antenatal care in the same period with no history of cervical surgery, matching by age, health condition and perinatal stage. The pregnancy outcome of two groups were analyzed. Results Women who had a LEEP were more likely to give preterm delivery than controla (9.88% va 3.70%). But there waa no differ-ence in preterm delivery(χ2=2.97, P>0.05). So were low birth weight infants, preterm premature rupture of mem-branes (pPROM) or cesarean section. On a further study, we found that the time interval between cervical conization and subsequent pregnancy was associated with risk of preterm birth. The shorter time interval, especially shorter than 6 months,the higher risk of preterm birth. Conclusions LEEP cervical conization is not associated with an in-creased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight infants, pPROM or cesarean section. LEEP conization is a more sol-id choice for women who want to preserve reproductive function. But it would be better for them to have pregnancy plan six months later.

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between the level of serum vitamin D and bone metabolism and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis(AS) patients,and thus to explore the role of vitamin D in bone metabolism in AS patients.Methods The serum levels of BALP,TRACP-5b,25-(OH)D3 and blood lymphocytes VDR of 80 AS patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with those of the control group.Bone mineral density (BMD)was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).The ESR and CRP level of AS patients were also measured.The correlation between those parameters was analyzed and evaluated.Patients were divided into normal,insufficient and deficient subgroups according to the serum 25-(OH)D3 levels for further comparison.Indepondent saimple t test,t'test andx2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The 25-(OH)D3 of AS patients [(11.9±2.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that of the control groups [(22.3±7.9) μg/L] (P＜0.05),while the serum levels of BALP [(3.9±2.7) μg/L] and TRACP-5b [(46±25) ng/L] of AS patients were significantly higher than those of the control group [(2.4±1.0) μg/L] (P＜0.05).According to linear correlation analysis,25-(OH)D3 was negatively correlated with CRP (r=0.324,P=0.003).The ESR,BALP,TRACP-5b in the deficient subgroup were higher than those in the normal and insufficient subgroups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The plasma 25-(OH)D3 may decrease in AS patients,and this may activate bone metabolism,results in increased morbidity of osteoporo-sis,and negatively affect disease activity.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexamethasone used at different time on the serumal concentrations of TNF ?, IL 1? and IL 6 of rats after severe scald in order to provide experimental basis for reasonable usage of ectogenous glucocorticoids for severe traumas. Methods The serumal concentrations of TNF ?, IL 1? and IL 6 were detected by ELISA after intraperitoneal injection of different doses of dexamethasone into rats at different time after severe scald. Results High dose(5 mg/kg) and low dose (0.5 mg/kg) of dexathemasone used during the period from 4 h to 12 h after severe scald could both significantly reduce the serumal concentrations of TNF ?, IL 1? and IL 6, and the effect of high dose was much better than that of low dose. Both doses of dexathemasone used at 24 h after scald had a significant effect on IL 1? and IL 6, but there was no difference between the two doses. No obvious effects were found of high/low dose of dexamethasone used 48 h later after scald. Conclusion According to the anti inflammatory effect, the best therapeutic efficacy may result from high dose of ectogenous glucocorticoids during the period from 4 h to 12 h and low dose from 12 h to 24 h after severe scald.

Objective To investigate the changes of the expression of HSP90? in the liver of severely scalded rats at the early stage of stress Methods The expression levels of HSP90? in the liver of rats at different time points after severe scald were detected by Western blotting and then the expression of HSP90? in the nucleuses was observed by immunohistochemistry Results The expression of HSP90? significantly increased in the liver of rats after severe scald, especially during 12～48 h Abnormal high expression of HSP90? in the nucleuses around was found at 48 h after scald Conclusion The abnormal high expression of HSP90? due to severe scald may be one of the important causes resulting in the disorder of glucocorticoid receptor at the early stage of stress after severe trauma.

Objective To investigate the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the relationship between OP and the clinical data. Methods Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in 60 cases with ankylosing spondylitis, and it was compared with normal controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA), including lumbar ( L2 - L4), bilateral femoral neck and greater trochanter. Some clinical data was collected and analyzed at the same time. Results The incidence of OP in AS patients was 35%, and the incidence of OP in the femoral proximal end was higher than that in lumbar. Compared with normal controls[ ( 1.06 ±0. 18 )U/L ], the levels of serum TRACP5b in AS[ (1.31 ± 0. 82 )U/L] patients was significantly higher ( P <0. 05 ). The levels of serum BLAP in OP combined AS group[ ( 21.65 ± 5.41 ) U/L]were significantly lower than non-OP group[ (32. 37 ± 16. 5 ) U/L] ( P <0. 05 ). The disease duration was negatively correlated with the BMD of femoral neck ( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions There was higher incidence of OP in AS patients, which were related with the abnormality of bone metabolism and the disease duration.Multiple factors participated in the regulation of bone metabolism of AS.