Objective:To study the fit of pure titanium single crown fabricated by electron beam melting(EBM).Methods:Pure titanium crowns were fabricated by EBM,selective laser melting(SLM),CAD/CAM(R +K and DMG)and conventional lost wax technique(LW)respectively(n =5).Marginal and internal gap was copied by light-body silicone and measured using a digital mi-croscope .The data of marginal gap(MG)and internal gap(IG)were statisticaly analysed by ANOVA and SPSS statistical package version 17.0.Results:The MG and IG(μm)of pure titanium crowns in EBM group were 38.42 ±6.72 and 105.54 ±33.18,in SLMgroup 38.63 ±6.82 and 114.63 ±52.18,in DMG CAD/CAMgroup 26.18 ±4.36 and 102.18 ±40.81,in R +K CAD/CAM group 26.98 ±4.44 and 102.24 ±25.30,in LW group were 42.61 ±5.73 and 102.98 ±45.67,respectively.The marginal fit of the EBMgroup was significantly smaller than 120 μm of the generally accepted clinical standards.In the 2 CAD/CAM groups the MG was smaller than that of other 3 groups(P <0.05).The IG of the 5 groups were not statisticaly different(P >0.05).Conclu-sion:The marginal fit of titanium single crown fabricated by EBMis similar to that by SLM,better than that of LW and inferior than that of CAD/CAM.The internal fit of the crowns made by the 5 systems is similar.

Objective:To evaluate the application of puncturing the umbilical cord under the ultrasound guidance in prenatal diagnosis,clinical high risk factors of fetal chromosomal abnormalities were discussed.Methods:283 pregnant women who had the percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling were recruited and the karyotyping was done.The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities and correlate factors in different subgroups of prenatal diagnosis were analyzed.Results:The success rate of puncture was 100%.Major complications were bleeing at the puncture site(33 cases,11.67%)and fetal heart brachycadia(5 cases,1.77%).25 chromosomal abnormalities were found and the detection rate was 8.83%.There was significant correlation between the couple's chromosomal abnormalities and the fetal's(r=22.348,P=0.000).Conclusions:The ultrasound guided percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling proves to be valid in the prenatal diagnosis,especially when couples have chromosomal abnormalities.

A clinico-pathological study was carried out on 8 patients with microscopic polyar-teritis nodosa (MPAN). It was found that the renal lesions were very common and severe in this group of patients apart from the typical presentation of MPAN, including fever, myalgias, arteritis and the involvement of hematologic, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. Laboratory pictures were characterized by leucocytosis, anemia and increased serum creatinine. The plasma anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were present and thought to be of particular importance. On light microscopy, focal, segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis was discovered which was often associated with extensive crescence formation and vasculitis. We recommend renal biopsy as a valuable tool of investigation in the diagnosis of MPAN.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD) and Human Parvovirus B19(HPVB19).Methods HPVB19DNA was detected in 55 sera of KBD patients and 52 healthy in adjacent non-endemic area and 35 healthy sera in normal area using PCR and then linked the HPVB19DNA to pGEM-T vector.The nucleotide sequence was analyzed and compared with HPVB19 nucleotide sequence published by Genebank and another in Journal of virology.Results HPVB19DNA was found in 16 of 55 sera in KBD patients,and the HPVB19DNA position rate(29.09%) is significantly higher than that of the two healthy control groups(11.54%、11.42% respectively)(P＜0.05).The nucleotide sequence homologies compared with the two published nucleotide sequence were 97.75%、97%,respectively.The putative amino acid homologies compared with the tow published were 93.5%.The amino acid variation was greater than the nucleotide sequence variation because of a base insertion.Conclusion There was a close relationship between HPVB19 infection and Kashin-Beck Disease.

Objective:To compare the marginal and internal fit of selective laser melting(SLM)titanium crowns with lost-wax cast (LW)titanium crowns.Methods:Titanium crowns of 10 subjects were fabricated by SLM and conventional LW respectively(n =10).The marginal and internal gaps of the crowns were recorded with silicon film using a replica technique.Each silicon film was cut into 2 parts and the thickness of silicon layer was measured at ×100 magnification using a stereomicroscope,the data of marginal gap (MG)and internal gap(IG)were statistically analysed by ANOVA and SPSS statistical package version 17.0.Results:The MG (μm)of the titanium crowns of SLMgroup and LMgroup were 90.67 ±14.7 and 94.77 ±21.9(P <0.05),IG were 213.73 ±90.4 and 217.00 ±97.7(P >0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The marginal fit of the SLMcrowns is better than that of the LW ones,and is significantly smaller than 120 μm of the clinical generally accepted standards.

Objective To validate the clinical performance of a domestic fibrinogen reagent by freezing method(Clauss method) on the coagulometer Japan Sysmex CA1500.Methods The domestic fibrinogen reagent as the reagent A and the Germany Siemens Dade thrombin reagent as the reagent D,the Clauss method was adopted to measure the within-run precision and between-run preci-sion in two levels of quality control respectively.The reference value range was verified by the reagent A in 165 cases of normal clin-ical samples.The fibrinogen detection results in 200 cases of clinical samples were compared between by the reagent A and the rea-gent D.The significance test and the equivalence test were performed.Results The within-run precision CV of the reagent A and D in two levels of quality control were 4.28%,6.98% and 3.45%,5.22% respectively,the between-run precision CV of the reagent A and D in two levels of quality control were 6.23%,10.34% and 6.20%,9.89% respectively,the differences had no statistical significance(P >0.05).The reference value range of the reagent A was 2.08 -3.92 g/L.The fibrinogen detection results of the clinical samples by the reagent A and D had the statistically significant differences (P =0.025).But the 90% bilateral confidence in-terval(90%CI :-0.09,0.15)of the difference in the mean detection results by these two reagents located in the equivalent interval (-0.27,0.27).Conclusion The domestic fibrinogen reagent for Clauss method has reliable detection results and is suitable for the coagulometer Japan Sysmex CA1500,which is equivalent to the clinical application of Germany Siemens Dade thrombin reagent.

AIM:To approach the therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)in hormonal resistance nephrotic syndromes.METHODS:Patients were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome and treated with prednisone at the dose of 1 mg?kg-1?d-1 for over 8 weeks,and 24 patients with unsatisfactory results or were palindromic were selected,and several patients in the 24 patients had been treated with cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine A.All patients were treated with MMF combined with low dose hormone.The initial dose of MMF was 1.0-1.5 g/d for 3 months,later the dose were reduced,and the maintenance dose of MMF was 0.5-1.0 g/d,the dose of prednisone was 5-20 mg/d,the follow-up visit period more than six months.The changes on urine protein,serum albumin,liver function,renal function were compared before and after treatment.RESULTS:Before and after treatment,urine protein decreased from(3.4?1.7)g/d to(0.9?0.2)g/d,serum albumin increased from(19.6?5.4)g/L to(36.1?7.7)g/L.serum creatinine level decreased from(105.7?6.4)?mol/L to(90.1?5.8)g/L.20 patients(83.3%)pathogenetic condition were relieved,15 patients(65.2%)were with complete remission.5 patients(20.8%)were partially recovered,and 4 patients(16.6%)had no response.The adverse effects were observed,including gastrointestinal events(n=8,33.3%),bacterial pneumonia(n=4,16.6%),herpes zoster(n=1,4.1%),hepatic function mild damage(n=3,12.5%).CONCLUSION:It is safe and effective to combine MMF with low dose hormone in treatment of hormonal resistance nephrotic syndrome,which could become a therapeutic option for refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS).

Objective To explore the roles of Th17 cells in paraquat-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in a murine models through investigating the expression of Th17 type cytokine IL-17 and the specific transcription factor of Th17 cells-RORγt mRNA. Methods Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal control group and the poisoned group. The ALI model induced by PQ poisoning was produced by intraperitoneal injection PQ solu-tion (20 mg/kg),and the normal control group was given normal saline solution with the same volume. After treatment for 48 hours,the animals were sacrificed. H&E staining and TUNEL staining were done to measure histo-logical changes and apoptosis. Serum level of Th17 related-cytokines was assayed by ELISA. The mRNA ex-pression of RORγt and the protein expression of IL-17 in the lung tissue were detected by real time-PCR assay and western blot,respectively. Results Compared with the normal control group,the lung inflammation and apopto-sis were significantly higher in the poisoned group. The serum level of IL-17A was significantly increased (P <0.05) and the lung parenchyma RORγt mRNA and IL-17 protein levels were significantly increased. Conclu-sion IL-17 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI induced by paraquat poisoning.

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between the level of serum vitamin D and bone metabolism and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis(AS) patients,and thus to explore the role of vitamin D in bone metabolism in AS patients.Methods The serum levels of BALP,TRACP-5b,25-(OH)D3 and blood lymphocytes VDR of 80 AS patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with those of the control group.Bone mineral density (BMD)was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).The ESR and CRP level of AS patients were also measured.The correlation between those parameters was analyzed and evaluated.Patients were divided into normal,insufficient and deficient subgroups according to the serum 25-(OH)D3 levels for further comparison.Indepondent saimple t test,t'test andx2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The 25-(OH)D3 of AS patients [(11.9±2.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that of the control groups [(22.3±7.9) μg/L] (P＜0.05),while the serum levels of BALP [(3.9±2.7) μg/L] and TRACP-5b [(46±25) ng/L] of AS patients were significantly higher than those of the control group [(2.4±1.0) μg/L] (P＜0.05).According to linear correlation analysis,25-(OH)D3 was negatively correlated with CRP (r=0.324,P=0.003).The ESR,BALP,TRACP-5b in the deficient subgroup were higher than those in the normal and insufficient subgroups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The plasma 25-(OH)D3 may decrease in AS patients,and this may activate bone metabolism,results in increased morbidity of osteoporo-sis,and negatively affect disease activity.

Objective To investigate the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the relationship between OP and the clinical data. Methods Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in 60 cases with ankylosing spondylitis, and it was compared with normal controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA), including lumbar ( L2 - L4), bilateral femoral neck and greater trochanter. Some clinical data was collected and analyzed at the same time. Results The incidence of OP in AS patients was 35%, and the incidence of OP in the femoral proximal end was higher than that in lumbar. Compared with normal controls[ ( 1.06 ±0. 18 )U/L ], the levels of serum TRACP5b in AS[ (1.31 ± 0. 82 )U/L] patients was significantly higher ( P <0. 05 ). The levels of serum BLAP in OP combined AS group[ ( 21.65 ± 5.41 ) U/L]were significantly lower than non-OP group[ (32. 37 ± 16. 5 ) U/L] ( P <0. 05 ). The disease duration was negatively correlated with the BMD of femoral neck ( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions There was higher incidence of OP in AS patients, which were related with the abnormality of bone metabolism and the disease duration.Multiple factors participated in the regulation of bone metabolism of AS.