In the presence of antischistosomular serum(Ab), the adherence of macrophages(M?). eosinophils(Eos) and neutrophils(Neu) to and the killing effect on schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum were studied with a mouse model. In vitro experiment showed that all the three kinds of effectcr cells could adhere to the surface of the schistosomula when opsonized with specific Ab resulting in the significant increase in the percentage of dead schistosomula. When SPA was added to the system, the percentage of schistosomula with adherent cells decreased markedly. It was revealed that the adherence of cells was at least partially through the binding of Fc fragment of IgG to Fc receptor on the cell surfaces. After having been incubated with Ab and/or cells for 18 h in vitro, the schistosomula were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice. The adult recovery rate 6 weeks after inoculation in groups Eos+Ab and M? + Ab were significantly lower than that of the control group (P

The effects of various soluble extracts of Ascaris suum on human blood coagulation were studied. The extract of whole worm could prolong recalcification time (RT) and kaolin-activated, partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), but did not alter prothrombin time (PT), indicating that the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation was inhibited by this extract, but the extrinsic pathway was not affected. Whole worm extract inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, but did not influence the one induced by adrenaline. Neither whole worm extract nor body fluid caused fibrinolysis. In KPTT assays with three dif-ferent extracts, cuticle extract exhibited the strongest anticoagulant activity, while whole worm extract and body fluid much less so. These data suggested that anticoagulants of ascaris mainly exist in the cuticle,

Objective To investigate the route of minimal invasive sling procedures and evaluate their safety. Methods Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT),TVT-obturator (TVT-O) and posterior intravaginal sling (P-IVS) procedure were performed on five fresh pelvis.4% formaldehyde was used to preserve the cadavers and colored latex was injected into the vessels.An anatomic study and measurements between the trocars and related vessels or organs were carried out.Results There was no complication during all injections.The distance between TVT trocar and pubic vessels,the bladder,external lilac vessels and obturator vessels were 0.6,0.6,4.2 and 4.3 cm,respectively.Out of control of TVT trocar,the axial rotation or lateral diversion of TVT handle could injure these structures.We found during TVT-O operation,the retropubic space was not violated.The right placement of introducer was very important. When the beginning point was too deep into the anterior vaginal wall,2.2 cm proximal to urethral meatus or on a horizontal plane with a 35° angle relative to the urethral sagittal plane,the introducer would enter the retropubic space or perforate the upper posterior zone of the obturator membrane,where the obturator vessels and nerves exit the obturator canal.Based on our study,the diversion of P-IVS trocar would damage the rectum,and the pudendal vessels and nerves were relatively safe.Conclusions The TVT trocar passes the retropubic space and may injure the important vessels or organs.The route of TVT-O inside-out operation is stable and the retropubic space is not violated.The blunt design in the P-IVS trocar tips is helpful to reduce injury.

Objective To investigate clinical features and management of complicated or rare vulvovaginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation.Methods Medical documents of 6 cases with vulvovaginal anomalies treated in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the past 10 years were reviewed retrospectively.According to embryological and anatomical characteristics,the classification system were established.Results This kind of vulvovngihal anomalies was very rare and not enrolled into current diagnosis and treatment system. All patients had a common clinical features:menstruation bleeding and urine from the same outflow tract;and two orifices on perineum were found by bimannal examination,one orifice located under clitoris,the other orifice Was anus.No vagihal vestibule and vulvar were observed between those two orifices.According to clinical features,those 6 cases were divided into 3 types:type Ⅰ Was persistence of distant urogenital sinus with clinical manifestation of simple labial fusion;type Ⅱ was low communication between vagina and urogenital sinus (infrasphincterie),presenting with distal vaginai atresia and urethrovagihal fistula;type Ⅲ was high communication (suprasphincteric) with distal vagihal atresia and more proximal urethrovavihal fistula.Type Ⅲ was frequently associated with severe rectum and anus anomaly,and other malformation as well.All patients were treated by surgical correction.Basically.the principle of operation wag to reconstruct perineal appearance,release the obstruction,and rear the defect and ultimately recovering the normal function.The alternative surgical methods should be considered individually.Conclusions The vulvovnginal anomalies derived from urogenital sinus malformation were complicated clinically.To establish classification system will be benefit for clinicians to make diagnosis and choose appropriate treatment. The individualized surgery should be performed on those patients to restore the structure and function,in the mean time,the factors associated with esthetics.sex and psychics should be considered.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of endometriosis by studying endometriosis coexisting with variable genital tract anomalies and analysis the association between obstructive or nonobstructive anomalies with endometriosis.Methods From January 2000 to April 2010,a total of 67 cases of endometriosis coexisting with genital tract anomalies undergoing treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively.Results According to subtypes of concurrent genital tract anomalies,67 cases were divided into 19 cases in obstructive group and 48 cases in non-obstructive group.(1) Age and symptoms:the mean age were (22 ± 8) years in obstructive group and (32 ± 7) years in non-obstructive group,which reached statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (14/19) and amenorrhea (8/19) in obstructive group.However,in non-obstructive group,the major symptoms were dysmenorrheal or chronic pelvic pain (31％,15/48) and infertility (35％,17/48) and abortion (21％,10/48).(2) Degree and incidence of endometriosis:the moderate or severe endometriosis was 11/19 in obstructive group and 40％ (19/48) in non-obstructive group,which did not show statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of peritoneal endometriosis,ovarian endometriosis,adenomyosis did not show significant difference between two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The rate of moderate or severe endometriosis coexisting with duplex uterus,uterus bicornis and uterus septus did not show significant difference in non-obstructive group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The severity of endometriosis showed no association with obstructive anomalies.The results implied that there might be other factors involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of vagina reconstruction using tissue-engineering biological material (acellular dermal matrix) in an animal model.Methods Vagina excision and vagina reconstruction with tissue-engineering biological material were performed in 12 Chinese experimental miniature pigs.The control group was matched with two of normal vagina specimens resected.At week 1,2,4,6,8,12 after surgery,the animals were sacrificed,respectively,and the neovaginas were prepared for immunohistochemical and Van Gieson (VG) staining to evaluate the status of various layer growth of vagina.Epithelial broad spectrum of monoclonal antibodies of AE1/AE3 and α-actin were used to test the existence of epithelial and smooth muscle tissue by immunohistochemical staining.The ultrastructure of neovagina was studied by transmission electron microscope at week 1 and 12 after surgery.Contractile function of isolated smooth muscle of neovagina was evaluated by chemical and electronic stimulation after 12 weeks' reconstruction.Results (1) Epithelization of 2/3 neovaginal mucosa was observed within 1 week.Only 1-2 layer epitheliums were observed under the light microscopy and epithelial cells with characteristics of loose and disarrangement were shown with the electron microscopy.Within 4-6 weeks,epithelization in mucosa of neovaginal canal was intensified to 4-5 layers.After 12 weeks,the differences between the neovagina and the native vagina were harldy noted either in the gross or microscopically.(2) After 4 weeks,a few smooth muscle cells were observed with VG and immunohistochemical staining,and homogeneous muscle bundle was formed.(3) After 12 weeks,similar contractile responses between neovagina and native vagina were observed when KCI and electrical stimulation with different frequency and voltage were given [(2.96±0.29)g vs.(3.14±0.30)g,(3.43±0.34)g vs.(4.65±0.73)g,(4.92±0.38)g vs.(4.89±0.44)g].Conclusion The tissue-engineering biological material might be an ideal graft used in the reconstruction of vagina.

To explore the effect of Kaixin Capsule (KC, composed of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Astragali, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Rhizoma Cyperi, etc.) in reconstructing the collagen of non infarct region of left ventricle in rats after myocardial infarction (MI) and to study its mechanism.Seventy rats were allocated to mimic operation group (Group Ⅰ), model group (Group Ⅱ), high dosage KC group (Group Ⅲ), low dosage KC group (Group Ⅳ) and positive control group (Group Ⅴ). Rat models of left ventricle reconstruction were established by the ligation of the main stem of left coronary artery. Three days after modeling, the rats were treated with KC for eight weeks. And then the total collagen content in the myocardium of non infarct region and angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) and aldosterone (ALD) levels in blood and myocardium were measured by oxyproline hydroxyproline method and radioimmunoassay. The total collagen content was higher in Group Ⅱ than that in Group Ⅰ (P0 05) . [Conclusion]KC can inhibit the production of collagen and increase myocardial compliance and its mechanism may be involved in the regulation of rennin angiotensin aldosterone system.

Objective To translate questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity. Methods The English version of QUID was translated into Chinese. The clinaical data of 95 patinents with urinary incontinence who were test by urinary dynamic study in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2014 to May 2015 were analyzed prospectively. The reliability of QUID was evaluated by completing QUID twice. The validity of QUID was evaluated by the standard of urinary dynamic study. Results Internal consistency (Cronbach α) of the items that pertained to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to urge urinary incontinence (UUI) were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. Test-retest reliability (Kappa) was 0.795 and criterion validity (Kappa) was 0.62. Sensitivity and specificity were 83%(43/52) and 86%(37/43), respectively, for SUI, and 72%(13/18) and 86%(66/77), respectively, for UUI. Conclusions QUID has good reliability and validity. It could be used in Chinese urinary incontinence women.

Objective To determine the association between simplified pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (S-POP-Q) and the standard pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POP-Q) in describing pelvic organ prolapse. Methods This was an observational study. From Jan. 2010 to Jan. 2014, 256 subjects with pelvic floor disorder symptoms underwent two exams: a POP-Q exam and a S-POP-Q exam. For the S-POP-Q system, vaginal segments of the exam were defined using points Ba, Bp, C, and D. For the POP-Q system vaginal segments of the exam were defined using points Aa, Ba, Ap, Bp, C, and D. The inter-system consistency between the overall ordinal stages, the anterior vaginal wall stages, the posterior vaginal wall stages, the cervix stages, the posterior fornix or vaginal cuff stages from each two kind of exam were compared. Results The Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient for overall stage was 0.81, the Kendall tau-b correlation coefficients were 0.81, 0.81, 0.85, 0.88 for the anterior vaginal wall, for the posterior vaginal wall, for the cervix, for the posterior fornix or vaginal cuff, respectively. Conclusion There is almost perfect association between S-POP-Q and POP-Q in describing pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective To study the clinical presentation and pathological features of rare nonepithelial vulvar tumors. Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with nonepithelial vulvar tumors who were operated on during 1986 to 2007 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analyzed. Results The average age of 42 patients was 44. 1 years. There were 32 eases (76%) with a vulvar mass. Twenty one of these 42 patients (50%) complained of associated symptoms of itch and pain Surgical treatment was the chief treatment of nonepithelial vulvar tumors, which included local excision (40, 95%), simple vulvectomy ( 1,2% ) and radical vulveetomy ( 1,2% ). Among the pathological diagnoses after operation,the most common benign histological subtypes were hidradenoma and haemangioma, while the must common malignant histological subtypes were leiomyosarcoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. Conclusions Most of the nonepithelial vulvar tumors are mesenehymal tumors. The clinical presentation has no special characteristics. Diagnosis of nonepithelial vulvar tumors can be made based on histological inspection.Surgical treatment is the treatment of choice.