Objective:To investigate the pathogenesis, clinical feature and alternative approach of lumbar disc herniation in teenagers. Methods: The clinical data of 40 inpatients (age ≤21 years, admitted in Changhai Hospital from 1993 to 2001) with lumbar disc herniation were retrospectively reviewed. Of them, 7 patients received conservative treatment and the remaining underwent operation, including interlaminar partial laminotomy on one side (16 patients), hemilaminar laminotomy (14 patients) and interlaminar partial laminotomy on both sides (3 patients). All patients were followed up for 3 to 10 (4.2?0.6) years. Follow-up evalutions were performed via clinical visits. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association's evaluation system for lower back pain syndrome (JOA score) was used to evaluate the outcomes. Results: The lumbar and leg pain was released in all 40 patients after therapy. There was no deterioration of symptoms in the operative groups. During the follow-up, 8 patients had occasional low back pain but it did not affect their lives, 2 patients in the non-operative group had numbness, and no patients had lumbar degeneration in the operative groups. The improvement of JOA score was more significant in operative groups than in the non-operative group. There were significant differences in JOA scores before and after treatment in all groups (P

Objective To evaluate the role of transient receptor potential channel 8 (TRPM8) in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and the relationship with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the dorsal root ganglion of rats.Methods Thirty-six pathogen-free healthy adult male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,aged 6-8 weeks,were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:sham opeation group (group S),neuropathic pain group (group NP) and TRPM8 bocker BCTC group (group BCTC).Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation of the right sciatic nerve in anesthetized rats.BCTC 20 nmol was intrathecally injected once a day on preoperative day 1 and postoperative days 1,3,7 and 10 in group BCTC.The thermal,mechanical and cold pain thresholds were measured on preoperative day 1 and postoperative days 1,3,7,10 and 14.The dorsal root ganglions of the lumbar segment (L4-6) were removed on postoperative days 7 and 14 for determination of the expression of TRPM8 and NF-κB p65 by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the thermal and mechanical thresholds were significantly decreased on postoperative days 1-14,and the cold pain threshold was decreased on postoperative days 3-14 in NP and BCTC groups,the expression of TRPM8 and NF-κB p65 in dorsal root ganglions was up-regulated on postoperative days 7 and 14 in group NP (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of TRPM8 and NF-κB p65 in dorsal root ganglions in group BCTC (P＞0.05).Compared with group NP,the thermal pain threshold was significantly decreased and the cold pain threshold was increased on postoperative days 3-14,the expression of TRPM8 and NF-κB p65 in dorsal root ganglions was up-regulated on postoperative days 7 and 14,and no significant change was found in the mechanical pain threshold in group BCTC (P＞0.05).Conclusion NF-κB activation after opening of TR-PM8 in dorsal root ganglion neurons is involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathie pain in rats.

Objective To evaluate the role of P2X3 receptors in the development and mnaintenance of neuropathic pain (NP) and the relationship with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in dorsal root ganglia of rats.Methods Thirty-six SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,aged 4-6 weeks,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted,were divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),NP group and P2X3 receptor antagonist A-317491 group (group A).At 3 days after intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted,NP was induced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve.The sciatic nerve was only exposed but not occluded in group S.Intrathecal injection was performed twice a day for 14 consecutive days starting from 1 day after operation.Normal saline 20 μ l was intrathecally injected in group S and group NP,and A-317491 100 nmol/10 μ1 and normal saline 10 μ l were intrathecally injected in group A.Thermal paw withdrawal threshold (TWT) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured on day 1 before operation and at 30 min after intrathecal injection on days 1,3,7,10 and 14 after operation.On days 7 and 14 after operation,the rats were sacrificed and the dorsal root ganglia of the lumbar segment were removed for determination of the expression of P2X3 receptors and NF-κB p65 by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,TWT and MWT were significantly decreased at each time point after operation,and thc expression of P2X3 receptors andi NF-κB p65 in dorsal root ganglia was up-regulated on days 7 and [4 after operation in group NP (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group NP,TWT was significantly increased at each time point after operation,MWT was increased on days 3,7,10 and 14 after operation,anl the expression of P2X3 receptors and NF-κB p65 in dorsal root ganglia was down-regulated on days 7 and 14 after operation in group A (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism underlying the development and maintenance of NP is related to the up-regulation of P2X3 receptor expression and promotion of the expression of NF-κB in dorsal root ganglia of rats.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of laminar shelling decompression for the treatment of thoracic spinal stenosis.Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with thoracic spinal stenosis were reviewed.Ages of these 51 male and 70 female patients ranged from 45 to 71 years (mean 54.8 years).There were 72 patients with thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF),21 patients with thoracic ossification of posterior longimental ligament(OPLL)and 28 patients with thoracic OLF and OPLL.The lesion segmentum,kyphosis angle of thoracic vertebra and residual area of vertebral canal(RAVC)were measured.All these patients were treated with laminar shelling decompression.Preoperative and postoperative functional statuses were evaluated using a Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score.Results Thoracic OLF were found between T7 to T12 in 77.0% of the lesions;thoracic OPLL were found between T1 to T6 in 81.1% of the lesions.Of the 121 patients,the mean kyphosis angle was 31.5°±6.8° in upper thoracic spine and,9.4°±3.5° in lower thoracic spine.In patients whose RAVC were more than 80%,the pre- and postoperative mean JOA score was 7.7±1.4 and 9.5±1.6 respectively;RAVC more than 50%,5.2±1.8 and 8.6±2.1 respectively;RAVC less than 5%,4.8±1.4,and 5.6±1.3 respectively.Conclusion Thoracic OLF mostly occurred in lower thoracic spine,while thoracic OPLL mostly occurred in upper thoracic spine.The RAVC is a significant factor to the prognosis of thoracic spinal stenosis.As long as the clinical symptoms correspond with imaging findings,it is better to resect the whole ossification part as much as possible.Thoracic spinal stenosis often recurs after surgery.More attention to decompression ranges and decompression skills shoud be paied during revision surgery.

Objective To investigate the effects of tea polysaccharides (TPS) on blood lipids and liver trace elements in hyperlipidemic rats. Method The hyperlipidemic rats were treated by gavage with tea polysaccharides of three purities, named TPS I, TPS II, and TPS III at 27.43%,57.82%,and 89.50% purity, respectively for 4 w. Then the rats were killed and the influence of TPS on concentrations of total cholesterol (TC)、triglyceride (TG)、low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, and Ca,Fe,Zn,Cu and Mg ion in liver were determined. Results The TC and MDA concentrations in blood serum of the experimental rats decreased significantly(P

Objective: To observe the expression of miR-488-5p in cervical cancer tissues and to explore its effect on the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer C33Acells. Methods: 12 pairs of cervical cancer tissues and corresponding paracancer tissues from patients, who underwent total hysterectomy at the Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2017 to September 2017, were collected for this study; and the expression of miR-488-5p was detected by fluorescence quantitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Lipofectamine 3000 was used to transfect miR-488-5p (experiment group) and miR-NC (control group) into cervical cancer C33Acells. Cell cycle distribution was detected by Flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 assay and Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration. Bioinformatics software was used to predict the possible target genes of miR-488-5p, and luciferase activity assay was used to verify the binding of miR-488-5p to target genes. The expressions of tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) and downstream EGFR signaling pathway related proteins in two groups were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: The relative expression level of miR-488-5p in cervical cancer tissues (1.33±0.20) was significantly lower than that in paracancer tissues (3.68±0.45) (P<0.01). The relative expression level of miR-488-5p in the experimental group (25.23±3.11) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.02±0.10) (P<0.01). The percentage of C33A cells at G0/G1 phase in experimental group (53.39±2.48)% was significantly higher than that in control group (39.57±1.21)% (P<0.01). When the culture time extended to 96 h and 120 h, the proliferation ability of C33Acells in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), and the number of migrated cells in the experimental group (117.90±18.86) was significantly less than that in the control group (295.10±19.33) (P <0.01). Luciferase activity assay confirmed that miR-488-5p could directly bind with TEM8 and inhibit its expression (P<0.01). The relative expression of TEM8 mRNAin experimental group (0.42±0.06) was significantly lower than that in control group (1.00 ± 0.06) (P<0.01).After transfection with miR-488-5p for 48h, the protein expressions of TEM8, p-EGFR, p-ERK and pAKT were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: The expression of miR-488-5p in cervical cancer tissues was decreased. Over-expression of miR-488-5p could inhibit the cell cycle progression of cervical cancer cells and reduce the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to the interference of TEM8 gene expression.

In this paper, the domestic and international demand and development trend of clinical diagnostic radionuclides are analyzed, and the medium and high-energy cyclotrons, adequate and systematic facilities, and preparation techniques required for the production of medical radionuclides based on solid targets are introduced. This paper focuses on the research and development carried out by some important medical institutions and scientific research institutes in China over the years in the aspects of medium and high-energy cyclotrons, beam transmission lines, high-power irradiation target stations and new medical isotope production processes etc. It also looks forward to some new directions for the development of medical radionuclides in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.