Objective To observe the neuroprotective effect of Copolymer 1 ( Cop 1) in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and explore the clinical application of Cop 1 in the prevention of optic nerve atrophy induced by glaucoma. Methods Thirty adult Wistar rats were rendered for elevation of IOP in both eyes by Shareef-Sharma method. At the third week of IOP elevation, a mixture (1:1) of Cop 1 (100 μg) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected intracutaneously at two hind footpads in 15 rats (Cop 1 model group), and the other 15 rats were given the same dose of PBS emulsified in CFA (model control group) . Retinal ganglial cell (RGC) retrograde labeling was performed with Fluorogold 6 d later, and retina was taken after 24 h to compared the density of RGC between two groups. Another normal rats were served as blank controls. Results It was found that lymphocytes were accumulated on the histological slices of retina and optic nerve in Cop 1 model group. The rates of RGC loss of Cop 1 model group and model control group were 10. 24% ± 3.75% and 29.00% ±6.92%, respectively. The RGC density in Cop 1 model group was significantly lower than that in model control group (P <0. 05), while there was no significant difference in that between Cop 1 model group and blank control group (P >0.05). Conclusion Intracutaneous injection of Cop 1 can reduce the damage of RGC induced by elevated IOP.

Aortic arch atheroma is one of the causes of embolic stroke. With the deepening of research on aortic arch atheroma, its relationship with stroke is more and more clear, particularly the aortic arch plaque thickness ≥4 mm, is associated with cryptogenic stroke, stroke recurrence, and other vascular events. Although aortic arch atheroma and clinical features of stroke have been further understood, there are still many doubts.

Objective To evaluate the cancer risk from trihalmethanes in the reclaimed water using for road clearing and public garden virescence in Beijing.Methods The reclaimed water samples were collected and the concentration of trihalmethanes was determined,the questionnaires were used to investigate the way and level to exposure to THMs for the occupational workers and general populations respectively when the reclaimed water was used in road clearing and public garden virescence,based on this,health risks assessment method was used to evaluate health affect of THMs in reclaimed water on population quantitatively,in 2003.Results Inbreathe and dermal exposure to THMs in reclaimed water were the main ways of exposure for occupational worker and general populations in road clearing and public garden virescence in Beijing.The major components of THMs in the reclaimed water were TCM,BDCM,DBCM and TBM respectively.Conclusion The cancer risk of the occupational workers and general peoples exposure to THMs is less than 1?10-5,lower than the acceptable level documented by USEPA.

Objective To explore the relationship between the associated expression of mucin MUC1、MUC2、Matrix Metalloproteinase(MMP-3)and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma.Methods The expression of MUC1、MUC2 and MMP-3 were detected in 20 colorectal adenomas and 60 colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemical method.Results The positive expression rates of MUC1 、MUC2 and MMP-3 in 20 colorectal adenomas and 60 colorectal carcinomas were 10% 、46.7%(P=0.013);100%、58.3%(P=0.000);10%、41.7%(P=0.031)respectively.The expression of mucin MUC1 was negative correlated to the degree of differentiation(P=0.006),but positively correlated to the depth of invasion(P=0.004),lymph node metastasis(P=0.010),Dukes staging(P=0.033)and negafively correlated with proghosis.Mucin MUC2 expression was unrelated to differentiation(P=0.143),but negative correlated to the depth of invasion(P=0.016),lymph node metastasis(P=0.002).Dukes staging(P=0.005)and posifively correlated with survival period.The positive expression of MMP-3 was positively correlated to lymph node metastasis(P=0.002),but negatively correlated to prognosis.Associated detection of MUC1 、MUC2 and MMP-3 showed that MUC1 was negatively correlated to MUC2,MUC2+MUC1-gave the best prognosis,while MUC1+MUC2-gave the worst prognosis.Conclusions The up-regulation of MUC1、MMP-3 expression or down-regulation of MUC2 expression may be involved in carcinogenesis,progression,invasion and metastasis.And it is very important to predict the prognosis in colorectal carcinomas.

In medical organic chemistry education, seven design method of introduction are put forward by using teaching art in educational segment, allowing students to enhance the study activity in lively atmosphere.

Objective To analyze the effect and the problems of the comprehensive application of quality management tools in order to improve nursing quality and ensure patient safety.Methods To summarize the implementation of Plan,Do,Check,Action(PDCA),quality control circle(QCC),root cause analysis(RCA),healthcare failure mode and effect analysis(HFMEA) in the nursing quality improvement.Aiming at problems arising in application process,the measures such as systematic training of quality management knowledge,case demonstration,standardized evaluation throughout the whole process,holding competition activities,inviting experts to give immediate guidance were applied.Results Among 1 798 PDCA and QCC programs,the result of 1 795 programs reached the target value,3 substandard programs reached the expected outcome finally after cause analysis,procedure break down and adjust of improvement contents.No nursing error or adverse events occurred.The indicators of nursing quality improved and patient satisfaction was 98.58％,which got the third position among all national hospitals.Conclusions The comprehensive application of four quality management tools was helpful in enhancing the effect of nursing quality improvement.

Objective To study the influence of the early ambulation on postoperative patients' comfort and complications with the femoral artery puncture interventional therapy.Methods After searching for related literatures with computer,we evaluated the quality of the literatures and screened them.12 random controlled trials met the inclusion criterion.Using RevMan 5.1.2 software,we respectively made Meta analysis for patients with sense of comfort and complications after operations.Results Compared with the control groups,the experimental groups were better in back pain,abdominal pain,limb numbness and acid bilges,sleep disorder,dysuria and urinary retention than those of the control groups.And the difference in the site of puncture bleeding and hematoma had no statistical significance between the two groups.Conclusions It can improve comfort for patients without increasing incidence rate of complications by lying in bed and rest for 12 hours after interventional therapy.It reflects the patient-centered nurs-ing service concept and can improve the patients' quality of life.

Objective To explore factors associated with emergency room(ER)length of stay and provide basis for the emergency managers about the development of relevant measures.Methods Data of critically ill patients from the emergency room in a tertiary teaching hospital from January 2010 to June 2011 were retrospectively studied.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to determine possible factors and further compare the clinical characteristics of the patients.Results(1)From January 2010 to June 2011 a total of 11 468 patients were seen in the emergency department,the median ER length of stay was 11 h,a number of 6 525 patients(56.9％)stayed in ER more than 6 h.(2)Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors contributing to length of stay more than 6 hours were types of wards,green channel,treatment time,followed by admitted to ICU,traffic,sent by 120,the number of initial diagnosis,destinations of disposition,sex,holiday visit,visit month.While age,occupation,residence were not factors.Conclusions The patients in this hospital has a prolonged length of stay.The associated factors included types of wards,green channel,treatment time deserves a further study.

Objective To evaluate the CT and MR features of renal oncocytoma in order to improve the ability for recognition and ima-gingdiagnosis.Methods The CT and MR findings of renal oncocytoma in 12 patients proved by pathology were retrospectively analyzed.Results CT scans were performed in 12 patients,one of which was accompanied with the contralateral renal angiomyoliptoma.In all lesions, seven were in the right kidney and five in the left.The lesions were round or oval in shape with the diameter 1.5 cm-12.3 cm.On pre-contrast scan,the homogeneous density was found in 3,calcification in 2,and central scar tissue in 5.On post-contrast images,the parenchyma of tumor was obviously enhanced in the cortical phase.However,the enhancement was attenuated in the parenchymal phase.Seven patients underwent MRI at the same time,exhibiting iso-or hypointensity on T1 WI in 4 and heterogenous hyperintensity on T2 WI in 5.Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI demonstrated homogenous enhancement in 1 and heterogenous enhancement in others with delayed enhancement of the central scar.Conclusion Most renal oncocytomas show certain characteristics on CT or MRI, which are helpful for preoperative diagnosis and surgical therapy.

Objective To study the mutagenic activity of the organic extract and its five fractions of the dust collected from an aluminum electrolytic plant in so as to find out the genetic toxicants with stronger mutagenic activity.Methods The dust derived from aluminum electrolytic plant was collected on a fiberglass filter within the scope of the operator's breathing air. Four samples were equidistantly placed in the electrolytic plant. The sampling time lasted for 2 days. Before and after each sampling period, the filter was conditioned at constant relative humidity (50%±2%) and temperature (22℃±2℃) for 24 h and weighted to obtain the weight of suspended dust. The dust-laden filter was placed in Soxhlet extractor and the organic material was extracted for 8 h with 250 ml of spectrograde benzene. The benzene solution was filtered, concentrated to 10 ml and then lyophilized to have the dust organic extract. The dust organic extract was fractionated with a modified method of Wynder and Hoffmann into three fractions: organic acid, organic alkali and neutral. The neutral part was divided into aliphatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polar compounds. The dust organic extract and its five fractions were dissolved in DMSO, and stored in the dark at 4℃. The mutagenic activities of these fractions were detected with two Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98 and TA100). Both of the two strains bring R factor, and very sensitive to mutagenic activity of environmental pollutant. Based on the results of four-step method, they accorded with the experimental standard. A 9000g liver supernatant S9 was prepared from Aroclor 1254-induced male Wistar rats. In the tests of metabolic activation, 50 μl of S9 was used in a plate. Ames test was performed essentially according to the procedure described by Maron and Ames. Dust organic extract and its five fractions were dissolved in DMSO. Three doses of the test were 200 μg/plate, 400 μg/plate and 800 μg/plate, respectively. Meanwhile, blank and positive controls were used, each treatment in triplicate. All of the tests were repeated 3 times.Results Mutagenic activities of the dust organic extract and its five fractions were different from one another although within the concentration range of the test, the dust organic extract and its five fractions all increased in revertants for TA98 and TA100. After addition of S9, revertants increased slightly. Mutagenic activity of the dust organic extract was very strong for TA98 and TA100, and after adding S9, it was higher than that without S9. All polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon showed a mutagenic activity for TA98 and TA100, with and without S9. All polar compounds, detected for TA98, with and without S9, showed mutagenic activities, but they could result in mutagenic activity for TA100 at the concentrations of 400-800 μg/plate only. Organic acid showed mutagenic activity only at the concentrations of 400-800 μg/plate for TA98 and TA100, with and without S9. In the same conditions, no mutagenic activities were detected in the other two fractions, namely organic alkali and aliphatic hydrocarbon, either for TA98 or TA100, with and without S9.Conclusions The dust organic extract derived from an aluminum electrolytic plant and its three fractions, namely organic acid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polar compounds, showed mutagenic activities. According to the results of this study, protective measures should be taken to abate the dust in aluminum plants, control carcinogens and mutagens, and to protect the environment and human health.