Objective To investigate the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on the expression of Calpain Ⅰ-Cdk5/p25 pathway in the hippocampal CA1 area by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice.Methods Mice were divided into model group,sham-operated group and donepezil-treated group.The expression of Calpain Ⅰ in hippocampal CA1 area was measured by immunohistochemistry staining respectively at 4,6 and 8 weeks post cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Western blot was used to evaluate Cdk5 and p25 protein expression.Results The abilities of learning and memory performance was damaged significantly at 4,6 and 8 weeks after surgery compared to sham-operated group (P＜ 0.05).The expression of Calpain Ⅰ of model group were (0.098 ± 0.009),(0.129 ±0.01),(0.116 ± 0.01),which were higher than that of sham-operated group (0.03 ± 0.003),(0.031 ± 0.003),(0.029 ±0.003) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Cdk5 in model group was (0.54 ± 0.05),(0.73 ± 0.07),(0.7 ± 0.06),which were higher than that of sham-operated group (0.23 ±0.02),(0.31 ± 0.02),(0.33 ± 0.02) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of p25 in model group was (0.44 ± 0.04),(0.51 ± 0.04),(0.55 ± 0.06),which were higher than that of sham-operated group(0.19 ± 0.02),(0.24 ± 0.02),(0.2 ± 0.02) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Calpain Ⅰ of donepezil-treated group was (0.041 ± 0.004),(0.054 ± 0.004),(0.046 ± 0.003),which were lower than that of model group.The expression of Cdk5 was (0.28 ± 0.02),(0.33 ± 0.03),(0.38 ± 0.02),and expression of p25 was (0.26 ± 0.02),(0.25 ± 0.03),(0.21 ± 0.02),which were lower than that of model group respectively(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Donepezil hydrochloride probably improve the learning and memory abilities by reducing the expression of Calpain Ⅰ and Cdk5/p25.

Objective To investigate the joint action mechanism of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of nursing staff in China,and probe into a joint action mechanism of such structure and empowerment on their satisfaction.Methods Totally 300 nurse specialists from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Anhui province were selected in a convenience sampling for investigation,by means of a general information questionnaire,Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire,Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaires-Ⅱ and Psychological Empowerment Scale.Results The nurses′job satisfaction were positively associated with both their total scoring and individual dimensions of the structural empowerment and psychological empowerment.As shown in the structural equation modeling,the model (the pathway from structural empowerment to nurses′ job satisfaction and the mediating effect of psychological empowerment are significant)fitted the data well. Conclusions Nursing managers can use the empowerment theory to fully leverage their management advantages,creating a desirable environment for the nursing staff at large.

Objective:To explore the protective effect of ellagic acid on the acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) of the mice,and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low,medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups (n=10).The mice in normal control group and model group were treated with 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solvent by intragastic administration,and the mice in ellagic acid groups were treated with 160,320,and 480 mg·kg-1 ellagic acid by intragastic administration,respectively.After 14 d,the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1 0.1% CCl4,while the mice in normal control group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL·kg-1plant oil.16 h later,all the mice were sacrificed and the body weights and the liver indexes of the mice were detected;the serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST) were detected;the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and levels of GSH-Px,malonalde hyde(MDA) and catalase(CAT) in liver tissue of the mice were detected.Results:There were no significant differences of the body weights of the mice between each group before and after treatment(P>0.05).Compared with normal control group,the liver indexes and the levels of serum ALT and AST of the mice in model group and different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the liver indexes of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were decreased(P<0.05);the serum levels of ALT and AST of the mice in high dose of ellagic acid group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the CAT level in liver homogenate was significantly increased (P<0.05);the levels of GSH-Px in liver homogenate of the mice in medium and high doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05);the activities of SOD in liver homogenate of the mice in different doses of ellagic acid groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the MDA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion:The ellagic acid has the protective effect on acute chemical liver injury in the mice induced by CCl4 and the most effective dose is 480 mg·kg-1;its mechanism may be related to the anti-oxidation.

Objective To investigate the effect of 17-β-estradiol (17-β-E2) on the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in rat primary culture skeletal muscle cells with insulin resistance (IR) induced by palmitinic acid (PA).Methods Rat skeletal muscle was primarily cultivated.The cells were identified by the technology of immunofluorescence.Cells were inclubated with 0.6 mmol/L palmitinic acid for 24 h to induce IR.The concentration of glucose in the medium was measured.The mRNA and protein expressions of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and GLUT4 were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot respectively.Results Compared the control with PA treated rats,the concentration of glucose in the medium was increased [(3.86±0.64)mmol/L vs.(5.43±0.55) mmol/L,q＝4.13,P＜0.05],uptake of glucose stimulated by insulin was decreased (P＜0.01),the expressions of GLUT4 and phosphorylation PKB/Akt were reduced in the PA group (all P＜0.05).In the 17-β-E2 (100 nmol/L) versus control,the concentration of glucose in the medium was higher [(3.86±0.64) vs.(3.77±0.35)mmol/L,q＝ 4.76,P＜0.05],uptake of glucose stimulated by insulin was increased (P＜0.01) and the expressions of GLUT4 and p-Akt were also increased (all P＜0.05).17-β-E2 (10 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L) reversed the decrease of basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose induced by PA,reversed the decrease of GLUT4 and p-Akt expression induced by PA compared with the PA group (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions 17-β-E2 inhibits insulin resistance induced by PA in rat primary culture skeletal muscle cells,the mechanism may be correlated with the up-regulation of expression of phospho-Akt and GLUT 4 induced by 17-β-E2.

Objective To explore the expression of interleukin -17A(IL-17A),interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) in the maternal plasma , umbilical plasma , neonatal plasma from the pregnant women who accepted the Telbivudine for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection .Methods 85 preg-nant women who were delivered in the hospital were chosen [ Telbivudine group 25 cases,HBVDNA high viral level group,HBVDNA negative group,non-infection group(health pregnant),each group included 20 cases].The level of the serum of IL-17A,IL-10,IL-6 in the maternal plasma,umbilical plasma,neonatal plasma from the different group was prospectively analyzed by the CBA method .Results The levels of IL-17A in the maternal plasma,um-bilical plasma,neonatal plasma of the Telbivudine group [(15.29 ±4.80)pg/mL,(19.45 ±4.80)pg/mL,(17.32 ± 4.18)pg/mL]were lower than the HBVDNA high viral level group [(26.03 ±4.88)pg/mL,(34.07 ±5.59)pg/mL, (24.12 ±4.76)pg/mL],there were significant differences(P=0.000,0.001,0.019);The level of IL -10 in the maternal plasma,umbilical plasma,neonatal plasma of the Telbivudine group [(6.08 ±1.32) pg/mL,(2.33 ± 0.68)pg/mL,(3.74 ±0.61)pg/mL]were higher than the HBVDNA high viral level group [(3.95 ±1.21)pg/mL, (1.71 ±0.53)pg/mL,(2.22 ±0.55)pg/mL],there were significant differences(P=0.023,0.015,0.012);The level of IL-6 in the maternal plasma ,umbilical plasma ,neonatal plasma of the Telbivudine group were lower than the HBVDNA high viral level group,there were significant differences (all P <0.05).Conclusion Telbivudine can cause the inhibition of the replication of HBV virus , partially reverse the immunologic dissonance of the pregnant women with HBV virus ,which is conducive to maintaining pregnancy .

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia in the elderly in Changsha. METHODS: Multi-stage randomized cluster sampling method was used to select 3 500 persons aged 65 and over in Changsha. Levels of serum lipids were detected and questionnaire was used to investigate the related factors (such as smoking, drinking, history of chronic diseases). RESULTS: The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 43.72%. The abnormal rate of serum triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein was 26.54%, 25.31% and 16.65%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, drinking, overweight or obesity were risk factors of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION The incidence of dyslipidemia is high and the influencing factors are common among the elderly. Community health education will help improve the effect of prevention and control.
Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To explore the possible associated factors and parameters of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) among the elderly in Changsha.Methods:In the investigation of chronic diseases among the elderly in Changsha and the promotion and popularization of community standardized prevention and control, 500 elderly people >65 years old in Yuhua District of Changsha City were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to detect sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and collect physical examination indexes. A total of 70 cases met the diagnostic criteria of OSAHS apnea hypopnea index were divided into mild (42 cases), moderate (16 cases) and severe (12 cases). 20 cases of non OSAHS were selected as control group. The general information, PSG level and dynamic blood glucose level were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between ambulatory blood glucose level and sleep apnea hypopnea index in OSAHS patients.Results:There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI), girth ratio, smoking history, drinking history, apnea frequency, longest duration of hypoventilation, lowest oxygen saturation, supine apnea index and non supine apnea index between OSAHS group and control group ( P<0.05). The amplitude of blood glucose fluctuation was positively correlated with sleep apnea hypopnea index ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Among the many associated factors on OSAHS, BMI and the ratio of neck circumference to length and body position have the most notable influence. Patients with OSAHS are more prone to blood glucose fluctuations, and gradually worsen with the progression of OSAHS. Therefore, we should take targeted intervention measures.

Objective To explore the role of 3D venous-fusion models in the resection of meningiomas.Methods The study included 19 patients with meningiomas,admitted to our hospital from March 2015 to July 2015.The preoperative and postoperative contrast enhancement MR venography (CE-MRV) data were imported into the neuronavigator system.The establishment of 3D venous-fusion models was performed;reconstruction,cropping,fusion of the intracranial venae and tumors were performed.3D venous-fusion models were used to evaluate the intracranial venous circulation,and the positions of venae and tumors were navigated in real-time.Results 3D venous-fusion models showed good results.The position relationship of tumors and their surrounding venous was perfectly assessed in operation.Nineteen patients underwent craniotomy using neuronavigator to locate venous position,and no postoperative venous complications occurred.The contrast of preoperative and postoperative 3D venous-fusion models prompted that the venous protection was in line with expectations.Conclusions The 3D venous-fusion models established by neuronavigator can accurately evaluate the relationship between cerebral venous and the tumors.These models help the operator making a better understanding of tumors and their peripheral venous imaging data from 3D perspective.It is benefit for the operator to make a more reasonable venous protect strategy.