Objective To explore the effect of “double reinforcing and one unblocking” electroacupuncture on hepatic mitochondrial structure and ATPase activity in a rat model of senile yang deficiency. Methods Forty 5-month-old male SD rats were selected and randomly allocated to groups A, B, C and D, 10 rats each. Group A was a normal control group. A model of senile yang deficiency was made by 40 days’ subdermal injection of D-galactose and then 7 days’ intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone in the other three groups of rats. Group C received treatment with “double reinforcing and one unblocking”electroacupuncture at points Guangyuan(CV4), Zusanli(ST36) and Baihui(GV20); group D, treatment with electroacupuncture at points Zhongji(CV3), Yinlingquan(SP9) and Yintang(GV29). Treatment was given 6 times a week for a total of 4 weeks. After treatment, the anti-fatigue ability was determined by swimming exhaustion time, hepatic mitochondrial structure was observed under a transmission electron microscope and hepatic Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities were measured by colorimetry in every group of rats. Results The mean swimming exhaustion time shortened significantly (all P＜0.01); hepatic mitochondrial inner and outer membranes were blurred, mitochondrial ridges deformed, ruptured or disappeared and mitochondria swelled; both Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities decreased (P＜0.01, P＜0.05) in groups B, C and D of rats compared with group A. Swimming exhaustion time lengthened significantly (P＜0.01), hepatic mitochondrial structure improved significantly and both Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities increased significantly (P＜0.01, P＜0.05) in group C compared with group B. Rat mean swimming exhaustion time shortened (P＜0.05), hepatic rough endoplasmic reticula degranulated and hepatic Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities decreased (P＜0.05) in group D compared with group B. Conclusion “Double reinforcing and one unblocking”electroacupuncture can improve anti-fatigue ability, ameliorate hepatic mitochondrial ultrastructure, increase hepatic Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities and promote hepatic energy metabolism in a rat model of senile yang deficiency.

Objective:To investigate the correlations of Lauren classification and world health organization (WHO) classification of gastric cancer (GC) with microvascular density (MVD), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and p53. Methods:The clinical data of 89 patients with GC were collected. The collected specimens were categorized on the basis of Lauren classification and WHO classification. CD34/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) double staining was performed to validate MVD. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to investigate the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and p53. Results:MVD was not correlated with Lauren classification or WHO classification (P>0.05). Lauren typing was associated with the expression levels of MMP-9, VEGFR1, and p53 (P<0.05). WHO classification was not related to any of the factors (P>0.05). Cox proportional hazards model revealed that Lauren classification and WHO classification were the prognostic factors of overall survival (P<0.05). Conclusion:This research on tumor related factors, angiogenesis, and different classifications of GC may provide new methods to treat this disease.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum iron(SI)metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 170 T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology,Lanzhou University First Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were included.During the same period,30 healthy individuals from physical examination center were selected as the normal control(NC)group.Based on HbA1c control,T2DM patients were divided into subgroups with good blood glucose control(H1,HbA1c＜7%,n=39),poor glucose control(H2,7%＜HbA1c＜9%,n=63)and very poor glucose control(H3,HbA1c＞9%,n=68).According to the level of blood lipids,T2DM patients were divided into subgroups with normal blood lipids(L1,n=36)and high blood lipids(L2,n=134).Results Compared with NC group,age,SBP,DBP,BMI,serum ferritin(SF),FPG,FIns,HOMA-IR,TyG,TG,LDL-C and SUA increased inT2DM group(P＜0.05),while SI,TF,total iron binding capacity(TIBC),DI,HDL-C and eGFR decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of TF and TIBC in H3 subgroup were lower than those in H1 subgroup(P＜0.05).LDL-C of L2 subgroup was higher than that of L1 subgroup(P＜0.05),while HDL-C was lower than that of L1 subgroup(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that SF was positively correlated with HbA1c,TyG,TG and SUA(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with HDL-C and eGFR(P＜0.05).TF was positively correlated with HDL-C and eGFR(P＜0.05),but negatively correlated with age,SBP,DBP,TyG and SUA(P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SF and FPG were influencing factors for HbA1c in T2DM patients.Conclusion SI metabolism is closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an intestinal flora metabolite produced in the liver by the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) by hepatic enzymes. Recently, it has been found that plasma TMAO levels play an important role in the development and progression of osteoporosis. This review has presented the physiological functions and metabolic processes of TMAO, and its effects on the development and progression of osteoporosis through oxidative stress and inflammation. Plasma TMAO levels are influenced by diet as well as medications, which provides a new perspective and target for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.