The fatigue of the diaphragm was determined with electromyography ir.35 patients with chronic obstructive emphysema (COPD) and in 47 nomaJ subjects serving as the control.It was found that the high/low frequency ratio (H/L) and the central frequency (Fc) of the diaphragmatic electromyogiam (EMGdi) were markedly decreased after diaphragmatic fatigue in COPD patients as well as in the controls ( P

The arteries of the spinal cord on surface have been observed in 62 Chinese adults and 39 children.Anteriorly, the spinal cord was divided into 3 areas, according to the arterial supply.The superior cervical area(segments of C_(1～3) or C_(1～4))was mainly supplied by the anterior spinal arteries; the cervical enlargement area (segments of C_4 or C_5 to T_5 or T_6) was mainly supplied by the arteria intumescentia cervicalis and the lumbar enlargement area (below the segments of T_6 or T_7) was mainly supplied by the arteria intumescentia lumbalis. In the intermediate places between these areas (segments of C_(3～4) and T_(5～6)), the anterior median artery was often narrow or interrupted. Usually the anterior spinal artery united with its fellow of the opposite side to form a single trunk (46.53%). The anterior radicular arteries averaged 5.2 (2～10) in number. The arteria intumescentia cervicalis frequently existed at C_7 and C_8 (C_5～T_3). The arteria intumescentia lumbalis mostly located at T_9 (T_6～L_2), and 72.28% of them being on the left side.Posteriorly, the arteries developed well on the two enlargements. The posterior spinal arteries arised frequently from the vertebral artery (76.41%). The posterior radicular arteries averaged 9.3 (5～21) in number.The authors have raised an objection to the view that the segments of T_4 and L_1 of spinal cord are poor supplied with blood.

Ganglionic and cortical arteries and arterioles in 15 aging Sprague-Dowley rats were histochemically examined to evaluate their metabolic profiles using bright-field microscopy semiquantitatively. Lactate dehydrogenase showed significant reactivity which increased with vessel diameter in cortical and ganglionic vessels in all groups examined. Suceinate dehydrogenase showed trace to moderate reactivity in both cortical and ganglionic vessels. Glucose-6-phosphate dchydrogenase showed zero to trace reactivity in cortical and ganglionic vessels, suggesting less synthetic capacity of nuclear acids and proteins. Myosin ATPase showed strong to very strong reactivity which decreased slightly with vessel diameter in all groups tested, indicating high rate of utilizing ATP in smooth muscle. Little difference of enzyme reactivity was found among cortical and ganglionic vessels and vessels from different parts of caudatoputamcn. In conclusion, both cortical and ganglionic vessels are metabolically active, with significant anaerobic glycolysis, but with decrease in capacity observable for aerobic metabolism.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture point injection and rehabilitation on the functional recovery of upper limbs and daily living ability of shoulder-hard syndrom (SHS) after cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 96 patients SHS after cerebral hemorrhage were divided into the observation group (n=56) and the control group (n=40). Both groups recieved the routine treatment for cerebral hemorrhage and rehabilitation technique training. Besides, the control group was treated with intermediate frequency physiotherapy, and the observation group was treated with electroacupuncture and acupoint injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine. After 1 months of treatment, the the upper limb movement function, daily living ability (ADL), shoulder joint pain, joint activity degree, and the degree of joint swelling were evaluated and compared. Results After treatment, the FMA (60.1 ± 6.4 vs. 41.8 ± 18.7, t=6.799), MBI (65.2 ± 3.5 vs. 50.6 ± 2.1, t=23.512) scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The VAS (2.7 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.3, t=7.817), edema volume (2.1 ± 2.1 cm3 vs. 2.1 ± 2.1 cm3, t=7.316) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P＜0.01). The anterior flexion (163.1 ± 6.7°vs. 56 ± 10.9°, t=59.516), extension (39.6 ± 5.8°vs. 23.2 ± 6.7°, t=12.799), abduction (168.1 ± 9.6°vs. 52.1 ± 8.9°, t=60.148), adduction (52.1 ± 3.6°vs. 29.8 ± 4.3°, t=27.580), external rotation (49.8 ± 7.6°vs. 23.2 ± 5.2°, t=19.151), internal rotation (107.0 ± 8.5°vs. 60.2 ± 6.1°, t=29.758) of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01). The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.1% (52/56) and the control group was 70% (28/40), and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (χ2=7.209, P＜0.01). Conclusions Acupuncture combined with acupoint injection and rehabilitation technology can relieve pain, eliminate edema and improve motor function and daily living ability of SHS patients after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Coicis Semen is widely used as a raw material which can be used as both medicine and food among people. According to the ancient monographs on materia medica and relevant documents on the processing specifications in various provinces and cities, herba logical study on the historical evolution of the processing methods of Coicis Semen was conducted in this paper from the aspects of collecting and processing methods of Coicis Semen, the processing methods in the past dynasties and the nature, flavour and efficacy of Coicis Semen. The results showed that the processing methods of Coicis Semen recorded in monographs on materia medica mainly included stir-frying, glutinous rice stir-frying, salt processing(including salt cooking and salt stir-frying), stir-frying with the earth scraped from the wall facing east, and ginger juice stir-frying, etc. Among them, stir-frying, and stir-frying with the earth scraped from the wall facing east are still used nowadays. The bran stir-frying is the improved version of glutinous rice stir-frying in order to be adaptive to the modern-day situation and the needs of the present. In addition, the ancient shell removal and kernel keeping method are also included in the processing procedures in modern local processing specifications, which are combined with frying to form a new method named "Fazhi" processing( "Fazhi" means a processing method of multiple procedures). The 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia records that Coicis Semen is helpful to clear dampness and promote diuresis, strengthen the spleen and prevent diarrhea, eliminate impediment, discharge pus, resolve toxin and a mass, etc., which are consistent with those contained in ancient monographs on materia medica. After the "Fazhi" processing, the cold nature of Coicis Semen has been removed and its nature,flavour and meridian tropism have been changed, so its application scopes expanded. The results of this study clearly traced the history of the collecting and proces-sing of Coicis Semen, summarized the nature, flavour and efficacy of Coicis Semen contained in both ancient and modern literature, and provided a historical basis for the standardization of the subsequent processing technology of Coicis Semen, the clinical application of various processed products, and the further development and utilization of medicinal materials.
Coix ; Cooking ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Ginger ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oryza