OBJECTIVE: We investigated the development of the studying of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and elucidated the feasibility of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease. DATA SOURCES: Using the key terms "mesenchymal stem cells, Parkinson disease, gene transfer", we searched the MEDLINE database for the articles published in English from January 2000 to December 2005. Meanwhile, Wanfang database was retrieved for the relevant articles published during the same period, with the keywords of "Parkinson's disease, gene therapy, gene transfer, mesenchymal stem cells" in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly and those were relevant to gene therapy of Parkinson disease, differentiation of MSCs into nerve stem cells, or the therapy of MSCs transplantation for Parkinson disease. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 158 articles including 32 Chinese and 126 English were collected, finally 30 articles of them were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Parkinson disease is a very normal disorder of central nerve systematic degeneration, which pathological change is the damage of dopamine neuron in substantia nigra. Nowadays the systematic study of Parkinson disease indicates that transplantation of MSCs has a potential prospective application. Due to the autospecific superiority, MSCs become an engineering cell of Parkinson disease therapy. In recent years there are a lot of researches on genetic modification about MSCs that involved in gene therapy as an ideal target cell. MSCs can improve the dopamine synthesis and decrease the death of dopaminergic neuron. Target gene encoding enzymes in the route of dopamine synthesis, such as Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Aromatic L-Aminoacid Decarboxylase and neural protective molecule including neurotrophic factor and anti-apoptosis protein, is in the state of animal experiments, which provide great space for treating neurodegenerative disease-Parkinson disease. CONCLUSION: As MSCs are the plentiful sources of engineering cells, which have an extensive prospective application, it has potential clinical value in treating Parkinson disease, especially in gene therapy of Parkinson's disease.

Intracranial atherosclerosis is one of the important causes of ischemic stroke. Because extra- and intracranial arteries have differences in the structure and hemodynamics, the effects of traditional vascular risk factors, including sex, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, on extra-and intracranial atherosclerosis are also different. The early identification of the risk factors for intracranial atherosclerosis has important significance for aggressively preventing and treating intracranial atherosclerosis and reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, many research conclusions aiming at the risk factors and intracranial ng andatherosclerotic correlation are not consistent. This article reviews the research status quo of the risk factors for intracranial atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The number of dementia patients ceaselessly increases with the extension of the life expectancy and the ageing of the population; hence the survival rate of patients with post-stroke dementia(PSD) has become an important issue of public health. Although it is generally believed that dementia could shorten human life expectancy, there is rare report regarding the impact of PSD on the survival rate of the patients in developing countries.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of ischemic dementia on the survival rate of the patients to explore the risk factors that would affect the survival rate of patients after cerebral infarction(CI).DESIGN: A prospective randomized controlled study based on patients.SETTING: The second department of neurology of a field surgery institute in a military university hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 619 cases of acute CI including 313 males and 306 females aged between 55 and 85 years old[mean of (70. 3 ±9.5) years old] were selected form the Department of Neurology of the Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between 1st May 1998 and 28th December 1999.INTERVENTIONS: Data including human factor, vascular factor and CI characters of 619 cases of ischemic cerebral stroke were collected and they also received neuropsychological test. Dementia was diagnosed in CI patients at admission and 3 months after CI according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Two-year follow up was conducted for the analysis of survival rate in PSD patients and survival-correlated predicting factors.and survival rate in CI patientsRESULTS: Totally 146 total patients(23.6% ) were diagnosed as PSD at 3 month after CI, of which 39 cases were pre-stroke dementia and 107 cases were CI-correlated dementia. The survival rate of PSD patients was 49.3%after(19.4 ±8.3) months of follow-up. The survival rate of patients with CI-correlated dementia was 53.7% while the non-dementia patients was 92.0% after(21.3 ± 9.1 ) months of follow-up. There was significant correlation between PSD and survival rate as indicated by multifactor analysis ( RR = 4. 91, 95% CI = 3.85 - 13.49) . The rest predicting factors included age(RR=1. 12, 95% CI=1.06-1.18), BarthelIndex(BI, RR=1.63,95% CI=1.15-2.31), auricular fibrillation(AF, RR=1.47, 95%CI = 1.17 - 1.85) and CI history( RR = 2. 81, 95% CI = 1.53 - 5.16).CONCLUSION: Dementia could reduce the survival rate of CI patients and it could be set as a predicting factor for post-infarction survival rate.

Objective To study the experience of cricohiodoepiglottopexy(CHEP) in the cases with glottic cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis has been carried out in 36 cases with glottic cancer. All cases treated in our hospital with supracricoid laryngectomy with CHEP. Results All 36 cases kept the normal airway, swallowing and speech. Conclusion CHEP is a useful technique for laryngeal cancer, particularly for glottic cancer.

In teaching of intra-arterial thrombolysis of ischemic stroke, introducing the method of problem-based learning ( PBL ) to improve the students' learning initiative and stimulate the students' interest in search of knowledge, and guide students to form scientific clinical thinking. Through further participation in surgery, promoting the combination of theory and practice. PBL can help to improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems related to intra-arterial thrombolysis of ischemic stroke.

Atherosclerosis is the important pathologic basis of coronary artery disease,cerebrovascular disease,peripheral arterial disease and other vascular diseases.Studies have shown that the atheromatous plaques occur mainly in regions of curvature,bifurcation,and branching of the artery,indicating that low flow shear stress is closely associated with the occurrence of atherosclerosis.Low flow shear stress involves in the induction of atherosclerosis through acting on mechanosensitive molecules in endothelial cell that transduce mechanical stimuli into chemical signals,activate the corresponding intracellular signaling pathways.This article reviews the relationship between low flow shear stress and atherosclerosis.

[Summary] This retrospective analysis showed that the level of apolipoprotein E was significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy group compared with normal albuminuria group [50.4 (40.8,65.9) vs 46.2 (38.6,56.8)mg/L,P＜0.01].Difference in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) among the groups based on the tertile of apolipoprotein E were significant (P＜ 0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that apolipoprotein E was independently associated with ACR (β =0.14,P＜0.05).

Objective To study the effect of the ECV-304 cells modified with LIF gene on the ex vivo culture of HSC/HPC in cord blood.Methods The ECV-304 cells were infected by Eukaryotic Expression plasmid pcDNA3.0LIF,and the positive ECV-304 cells were obtained by selected with G418.These cells were used to co-culture with CD34+ cells of cord blood.The phenotype of CD34+ and CD34+ CD54+、CD34+ CD62L+ primitive progenitors was detected by flow cytometry.Results The LIF gene can express in ECV-304 cells steadily.ECV-304 cells modified with LIF gene can improve expansion of CB CD34+、CD34+CD54+ and CD34+ CD62L+ cells while sustaining the expression of homing-related adhesion molecule.Conclusion The ECV-304 cells modified with LIF gene can not only significantly expand CB hematopoietic progenitor cells ex vivo,but the expanded CD34+ cells may well retain their homing ability.

Objective To observe the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma(PPAR-?)on phenotypic transforming of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC)in hypertension.Methods Spontaneous hypertension rats(SHR)and WKY rats both aged 4 months were included.SHR rats as well as WKY rats were divided to be fed with normal chow,and chow added with rosiglitazone(10 mg?kg-1?d-1)for 16 weeks.VSMC were isolated from SHR rats and WKY rats and cultured by patch-attaching method,then respectively divided into 3 groups after treated with genetic recombination technology:normal VSMC,PPAR? overexpressed VSMC and PPAR? silenced VSMC.Expressions of OPN and ?-SMA,which respectively represent the undifferentiated and differentiated VSMC,were detected by Western blotting.Cell proliferation was determined by detecting DNA synthesis and cell counting.The changes of arteries were evaluated pathologically.Results Rosiglitazone decreased blood pressure and ameliorated vascular remodeling of aorta in SHR rats.Aorta of SHR showed an upregulation of OPN and downregulation of ?-SMA,which could be inhibited by rosiglitazone.VSMC from SHR rats showed an upregulation of OPN and downregulation of ?-SMA,and increased cell proliferation.These changes were all inhibited by rosiglitazone.In the cells that overexpressed PPAR?,the cell proliferation rate was lower,and the expressions of OPN and ?-SMA were depressed,compared with the corresponding control cells.Conclusion PPAR-? could inhibit the phenotypic transforming of VSMC,and this might be responsible for the amelioration of vascular remodeling in hypertension.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid ( SUA) concentration and urinary albumin excretion rate ( UAER) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitua (T2DM). Methods The clinical data of 372 patients with T2DM. including 184 males and 188 females, were collected. The correlations between SUA and the other clinical indexes were analysed by Pearson method, and multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the effects of various factors on UAER and CIMT. Results SUA concentration was higher in males than in females with T2DM (P <0. 01). and was positively correlated with UAER both in males and females with T2DM, even after adjustment for the creatinine clearance (r = 0.24, P < 0.01 for males; r = 0. 29, P < 0.01 for females). Positive correlation was found between SUA concentration and CIMT in females (r =0. 29, P < 0. 01). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SUA concentration was an independent determinant of UAER for males as well as females (β=0.16, P<0.05 for males; β=0. 20, P < 0. 05 for females), and was also an independent determinant of CIMT for females (β =0.16, P <0.05). Conclusion SUA plays an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2DM. SUA control may provide a novel approach for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and vascular complications.