Objective To prepare a recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A clade 4 ( PspA4) and to analyze its immunogenicity.Methods The gene encoding PspA4 protein was synthesized and inserted into pET-20b to construct the recombinant expression plasmid.The transformed E.coli strains carrying expression plasmid were induced to express PspA4 protein.ELISA was performed to analyze the ti-ters of PspA4-specific IgG in a mouse model.Results The recombinant PspA4 protein of high purity ( 90%) was successfully prepared.The titers of PspA4-specific antibody in mice received PspA4 immuniza-tion were 106 times higher than those of the blank control group, suggesting that the expressed PspA4 protein had the advantage of high immunogenicity.Conclusion This study suggested that the PspA4 protein might be used as one of the candidate protein for the development of pneumovax and laid a foundation for further in-vestigation on pneumococcal protein based vaccine.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Liuweidihuang pill on the insulin levels in sera and pancreatic islets from spontaneous mouse models of human type 2 diabetes administrated with different doses .Methods:The 6-8 week-old KK-Ay mice were randomly divided into three groups including no drug control group ,low-dose group and high-dose group,in addition C57BL/6J mice were used as a genetic control group .All the animals were given with different dose Liuweidihuang pill solutions or sterile distilled water by intragastrical administration for fifteen weeks .The fasting blood glucose ,body mass and food consumption were measured weekly .The serum insulin levels were surveyed by ELISA .And the insulin levels in the pancreas islets were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry .Results:Decreased fasting blood glucose ,controlled body mass and food consumption ,and lower levels of insulin in the sera and pancreas islets were confirmed from the KK-Ay mice administered with Liuweidihuang pill .Furthermore,the low dose program exhibits a stronger effect .Conclusion:Liuweidihuang pill has exhibited relatively therapeutic effects in the spontaneous type 2 diabetes mice including controls of hyperglycemia and body mass and relieving insulin resistance .In addition , the low-dose regimen showed even better treatment in controlling insulin levels in the sera and pancreas islets .

Objective To investigate the efficacy of real-time visual feedback on improving the quality of manual chest compression in ambulance.Methods Ten pre-hospital doctors with cardiopulmonary resuscitation experience,aged under 40 years,were recruited to this randomized,crossover,manikin research and randomly assigned into control group (n=5) and feedback group (n=5) by the sealed envelope method.The setting place was a moving ambulance with the velocity of 25～50 km/ h.The whole process consisted of two sessions.In control group,which received feedback in the second session,chest compressions were performed without interruption during each of the three 2 min phases per session,resting for 2 min between phases and for 5 min between sessions.In feedback group,which received feedback in the first session,chest compressions were performed without interruption during each of the three 2 min phases per session,resting for 2 min between phases and for 5 min between sessions.Data of compression rate,compression depth,compression detention and compression accuracy rate were collected.Results In control group,the compressions rate was lower and compression detention was shorter during the second session compared with those during the first session [(109.8±±4.7) r/min vs.(121.2± 10.1) r/min,(6.5±2.1) r/min vs.(10.4±2.8) r/min,all P＜0.05],while the compression accuracy rate during the second session was higher than that during the first session [(28.2±±14.3) ％ vs.(16.8±9.9) ％,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in compression rate between the two sessions in control group;Compression frequency,compression depth,compression detention and compression accuracy rate did not significantly change between the two sessions in feedback group (all P＞0.05).In the whole process,the compression rate was lower and compression detention was shorter in the feedback group compared with the control group [(111.1±5.1) r/min vs.(115.5±9.7) r/min,(6.5±1.8) vs.(8.4±4.6) r/min,all P＜0.05],and the compression accuracy rate in the feedback group was higher than that in the control group[(22.5±13.4) ％ vs.(26.7±16) ％,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in compression rate between the two groups during whole process (P＞0.05).Conclusions Although real-time visual feed back improved the quality of manual chest compression in ambulances,which demonstrated more reasonable compression rate,less compression detention and higher compression accuracy,the overall quality of reuscitation was still not enough to achieve effective treatment.This implies that more optimal methods are required to transfer the patients suffering cardiac arrest.