The article has summarized the ethical principles and norms in psychotherapy and counseling.The aim is to arouse the ethical consciousness of the colleagues in clinical practice,to fulfill the ethical responsibilities of our work,and to protect from the iatrogenic harm.

Objective: To explore the Influence of ethics education on ethical beliefs of dual relationship of trainees who attend training of psychological consultation.Methods: Use of questionnaire,written and directed by "psychological counseling and treatment of ethical issues questionnaire(trainee attending psychological consultation training)" as a tool to evaluate,within the framework of Guangdong 368 trainees to investigate.Results: Compared with two groups of trainees,in refer to the ethical beliefs of dual relationship,the latter group who has a higher option of "not sure" shows varying degrees of decline in most of the items in the questionnaire.Two teams of trainees reach an identity of 80% or more(10 items in total) in the ethical judgment of dual relationship(choose "not").Two groups show significant differences in judging 5 items of the entries(p

According to the overview of historical development of ethical research in psycho-counseling and psycho-therapy in developed countries,this paper aims to summarize the research experience and outcome,in order to promote related Chinese ethical research based on China's realistic situation.

Objective To investigate the relatiouship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and schizophreuia symptoms in schizo-obsessive patients, and to address the feature of insight. Methods Fifty-two cases of schizophrenia with obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed by Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale( YBOCS) and positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS). Results The Y-BOCS overall severity score(26.7 ±4.78)was not correlated with the PANSS total score(86.9 ± 13.4)( r=0. 191 , P＞0.05), there was significant association between the insight score( 2.65 ±0.81 )and the PANSS total score( 86. 9 ± 13.4 ) ( r = 0. 416, P＜0. 01 ),and the same between the insight score( 2.65 ± 0. 81 )and the Y-BOCS overall severity score(26.7 ±4.78 ) ( r = 0. 387, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and schizophrenia symptoms in schizo-obsessive patients are not correlated, obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not inherent symptoms of schizophrenia. As insight is correlated with both obsessive-compulsive symptoms and schizophrenia symptoms, anti-psychotic along with anti-compulsive treatment should be able to effectively improve the insight of schizo-obsessive patients.

The most important characteristic of optical coherence tomography (OCT)is high resolution (about 10~15μm),so it can perform high resolution cross section tomography on internal microstructure of biological tissue. From 2000 OCT first used to detect coronary artery lesions,it already gradually popularized in diagnosis and treat-ment field of coronary artery intervention,It has become a main method for intravascular detection,diagnosis and guiding treatment of coronary diseases.

Objective To explore the relationship between perfectionism and procrastination among medical students.Methods 327 medical students of two medical universities in Guangzhou were investigated by the chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Aitken Procrastination Inventory.Results Compared with ordinary college students, medical students got higher scores on CM (12.87 ± 5.017 vs 11.5 ± 4.9), PE ( 14.89 ± 4.603 vs 13.6 ± 5.1 ) and Negative Perfectionism (58.08 ± 12.716 vs 56.1 ± 12.4), but got lower scores on PS (18.00±4.679 vs 18.7 ±5.2).There is the significant negative correlation between OR and procrastination (P＜ 0.001 ).CM, DA, Negative Perfectionism score and procrastination have notable positive correlation (P＜0.01 ).The results of regression analysis show that OR and DA can predict procrastination (P＜0.01).Conclusions Compared with ordinary college students, the perfectionism among contemporary medical students is higher and high negative perfectionist behaves with more procrastination.

OBJECTIVE: About 70% patients with stroke have dysfunction at various degrees in clinic, especially aphasia would affect their social communication and even offer a serious economic load for family and social. This paper aims to summarize the relevant articles on aphasia recovery so as to provide researching evidences in the future. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were retrieved from the Medline with the key words of "aphasia, recovery, language, recovery" in English from January 1980 to January 2004. STUDY SELECTION: All articles were selected firstly, those which were related to aphasia recovery were selected, and the non-randomly clinical papers were excluded. The full text of rest was looked up to determine whether they were randomized controlled studies or not. Randomized controlled researches were regarded as inclusion criteria regardless of blind way. DATA EXTRACTION: Among 22 articles on aphasia recovery, 12 were selected according to inclusion criteria and 10 were excluded because of duplicated papers.DATA SYNTHESIS: Recovery of language function was related to sex,age, ducational degrees, characteristics of lesion, range of lesion, duration from episode to language recovery, insight and self redress of language disorder. Therefore, there were various findings and views for previous re searches on mechanism of aphasia recovery. CONCLUSION: There is not uniform conclusion on mechanism of aphasia recovery. Compliance of language function in brain may be a mechanism of aphasia recovery.

[Summary] Berberine is akind of alkaloids extracted from Chinese herb medicine in cludingphellod endron ,coptis and radix berberidis .In recent years ,the pharmacological effects of berberinewas investigated extensively including anti-infection ,anti-arrhythmia ,protection of ischemic myocardium ,anti-hypertension , anti-tumor ,anti-HIV .And there are increasing reports about its hypoglycemic effect ,but its mechanism remains unclear .Here we summarize the possible mechanism of hypoglycemic effect and clinical efficacy of berberine .

Objective: To investigate the status of the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors of graduate students in military medical universities. Methods: 189 graduate students of a military medical university were assessed with WHO Quality of Life-BREF, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Life Event Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Results: The scores of QOL of graduate students in the military medical university were higher than average; The four domains of QOL were significantly correlated with introversion- extroversion, neuroticism, life event, social support, and coping style. The result from multiple regression showed that introversion- extroversion, neuroticism, social support, life event, and negative coping style were main factors influencing QOL. Conclusion: The status of the QOL of graduate students in military medical universities was pretty good; Their QOL could be improved by these factors, such as keeping stable emotion, developing extroversion, seeking social support, relieving the influence of bad life event, reducing negative coping behavior.

Objective: To investigate the coping strategies and it’s relationship with self- rated health state of military personnel in Tibet. Methods: 490 military personnel in Tibet were assessed by Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Self- rated Health Measurement Scale. Results: Military personnel in Tibet adopting positive strategies (23.3%) were more than those adopting negative strategies(16.2%) when facing stresses. The most common coping strategies they adopted were "restraining negative emotion(36.9%)" and "consoling themselve(s41.2%)". The scores of positive coping style had signifi- cant correlation with the scores of three subscales and the total scores of the self- rated health. Conclusion: Different cop- ing strategies have different effects on self- rated health of military personnel in Tibet, and the positive strategies could im- prove their status of self- rated health, but negative ones had contrary effect to health.