Objective To evaluate the effect of recominant human growth hormone(rhGH) in the prevention and treatment of endotoxemia(ETM) in murine experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ) Methods Twenty OJ rats received subcutaneously given rhGH of 0 75*!IU/kg daily for 2 weeks (rhGH group). Blood endotoxin(ET) was measured, and intestinal mucosa was observed under electron microscope at 5th week.Results In rhGH group, ET level 〔(0 40?0 02)*!EU/ml〕 was significantly lower than OJ rats〔(0 77?0 03)*!EU/ml, n =20〕 ( t = 6 237, P 0 05). Under electron microscope bowel villi in OJ group were distroyed, epithelial cells were degenerated and necrotic, whereas in rhGH group the ultrastructural pathology was much less evident and similar to that in sham operation rats. Conclusion rhGH has significant effect on protecting the injured mucosa barrier in OJ,and decreases ETM significantly.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and investigate the prognostic factors of primary duodenal carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 122 patients with primary duodenal carcinoma who were admitted to the Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from November 2007 to May 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received different operations according to the characteristics of tumors.Primary duodenal carcinomas of patients were confirmed by the postoperative pathological diagnosis.All the patients were followed up by outpatient examination, telephone interview and correspondence till November 30,2014.The treatment process, results of imaging examination and laboratory examination and postoperative survival were recorded.The clinical features, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic regimens and prognostic factors were analyzed.The survival rate and survival curve were analyzed and drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method.The univariate analysis was done using the Log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was done using the COX regression model.Results Among the 122 patients with primary duodenal carcinoma, jaundice as the first symptom was detected in 57 patients, abdominal pain and upper abdomen discomfort in 37 patients, gastrointestinal obstruction in 14 patients,anorexia and reduction of body weight in 4 patients, gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 3 patients, diarrhea in 3 patients, pyrexia in 3 patients and abdominal mass in 1 patient.The positive rates of CT examinations, endoscopic examinations, magnetic resonanced cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP), B-ultrasound examinations and upper gastrointestinal contrast examinations were 69.67％ (85/122), 85.56％ (77/90), 79.76％ (67/84), 12.73％ (7/55) and 75.00％ (36/48), respectively.Among the 122 patients, anemia was detected in 48 patients,positive fecal occult blood test in 94 patients, increasing level of CA19-9 in 71 patients, increasing level of CEA in 22 patients and increasing level of AFP in 9 patients.The tumors located at the descending part of duodenum,duodenal bulb and horizontal part of duodenum were detected in patients of 86.07％ (105/122), 7.37 ％ (9/122) and 6.56％ (8/122), respectively.The mean diameter of tumors was 2.3 cm (range, 1.0-15.0cm).All the 122 patients received operation.Pancreaticoduo-denectomy was performed in 100 patients, including combined with jejunostomy in 17 patients, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy in 7 patients, segmental resection of duodenum and gastrojejunostomy in 5 patients, local resection of duodenal papilla in 6 patients and palliative gastrojejunostomy in 11 patients.Nineteen patients with complications were cured by symptomatic treatment.Of the 122 patients, adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumor, lymphoma, small cell carcinoma, intraepithelial neoplasm combined with differentiated rhabdomyoma and with undifferentiated rhabdomyoma were detected in 116, 2, 1, 1,1 and 1 patients, respectively.The Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ stage of tumors were detected in 10, 4, 74 and 34 patients.There were 100 patients without lymph node metastasis, 13 patients with 0 ＜ metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) ≤0.2, 4 patients with 0.2 ＜ MLR≤0.4 and 5 patients with MLR ＞ 0.4.One-hundred and twelve of 122 patients were followed up for 1-70 months with a median follow-up time of 20 months.The postoperative survival time, a median of survival time, postoperative 3-and 5-year survival rates were 1-70 months, 18 months, 36.6％ and 13.5％ , respectively.The results of univariate analysis showed that the lymph node metastasis, differentiated grade of tumor, MLR and with invasion of pancreas were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients (x2 =8.465, 57.355, 16.232, 20.112, P ＜ 0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that the low-differentiation of tumor, invasion of pancreas, lymph node metastasis and MLR ＞ 0.4 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients (RR =3.330, 3.718, 2.623, 95％ confidence interval: 1.861-5.956, 1.292-10.696,1.624-4.236, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Most of the primary duodenal carcinomas are located at the descending part of duodenum without specific clinical symptoms in the early stage.The joint usage of assistant examinations can improve the diagnostic rate of primary duodenal carcinoma, and surgery is mainly therapeutic method.The low-differentiation of tumor, MLR ＞ 0.4 and invasion of pancreas are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients.

Coagulation factors ,which are involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation process of organism ,perform mutual coordination with the anticoagulation system .The dynamic balance between them inorder to maintain the normal blood physiological state .The molecular structure , physicochemical properties , physiological function involved in the trau-matic bleeding hemostasis were detailed in this paper .Meanwhile , the importance of coagulation factors for trauma hemo-stasis and coagulation ,the coagulation factor products , and their use were reviewed here to provide reference for the devel-opment of coagulation factors as drugs .

Objective To investigate the 5-year efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of morbid obesity.Methods The clinical data of 31 patients with severe morbid obesity and related complications who were admitted to the Shengjing Hospital of Chinese Medical University from January 2006 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The 31 patients received laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and were followed up for 5 years to observe the perioperative condition,incidence of long-term complications,application of hypoglycemic drug and insulin before and after operation,the body mass index (BMI) was detected 6 months,1,2,3,4,5 years after operation,and the decrease of excess weight loss (EWL) was analyzed.The remission rate of complications,incidence of complications and the patient satisfaction score were recorded.The count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated measure ANOVA,a Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment was used to correct serial dependency.Results Twenty-five patients were followed up for 5 years postoperatively.Of the 25 patients,4 (16.0％) had gastroesophageal reflux disease,and were cured by medical treatment; 1 patient (4％) had anastomotic stenosis; the percentage of EWL of 2 patients (8.0％) was under 60％ ; 4 patients (16.0％) had occasional obdominal pain.The percentage of patients with diabetes mellitus was decreased from preoperative 9.7％ (3/31) to postoperative 4.0％ (1/25),with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of patients with fatty liver was decreased from preoperative 93.5％ (29/31) to postoperative 32.0％(8/25),with significant difference (x2=19.10,P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of patients with hyperlipidemia was decreased from preoperative 77.4％ (24/31) to postoperative 12.0％ (3/25),with significant difference (x2 =35.51,P ＜ 0.05).The level of BMI was decreased from preoperative (38.8 ±4.2) kg/m2 to postoperative (28.5 ± 3.1) kg/m2,with significant difference (F =113.36,P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of EWL was increased from preoperative 42％ ± 11％ to postoperative 69％ ± 16％,with significant difference (F =41.71,P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the patient satisfaction score between each year within the 5 years (F =0.92,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is effective in losing weight with few long-term complications.

Objective To investigate the changes of renal medulla aquaporin 2 expression and morphological changes of epithelia of collecting tube after bile duct recanalizaiton operation.Methods Thirty rats were divided into two groups randomly.Common bile duct ligation was performed on 20 experimental rats with silicon tubes 2 mm in extre-diameter,and sham operation on the other 10 rats.Seven days later,bile duct recanalizaiton was performed on obstructive jaundice group and sham operation on contrast group.Experimental rats were divided into two subgroups randomly.Half of them were killed immediately and the others would be killed 24 hours later.Serum of each rat was collected to detect hepatic function and renal function.Renal medulla was fixed for microscopic examination and was kept in the-80 ℃ refrigerator for aquaporin 2 expression measurement by Western blot technique.ResultsAll of the animals accomplished the experiment smoothly.Golden ascites were found in the rats of obstructive jaundice group.Twenty-four hours after recanalization,serum bilirubin levels decreased 〔(45.95?8.39)?mol/L〕,P

Objective:To investigate the change of expression of AQP 2 in renal of obstructive jaundice rats , and the relationship between AQP 2 and the changing of Cr and BUN.Methods: Legated the common bile duct of rats to form the obstructive jaundice group.Scarified the rats on the 3th,5th,7th,10th,14th day,took blood samples and the kidney of the rats.Test direct bilirubin BUN and Cr in serum,the renal histopathological changes were observed by optical microscopy .The expression of AQP2 in renal of rats was tested by using radio immunological method.Results: Light microscopic examination of kidney showed that swelling epithelium arranged irregularly in 3rd day ,bleb in the 5th day.The expression of AQP2 in renal of rats with obstructive jaundice were greatly less than sham operation.Mesenchyma inflammatory cells infiltrate in 7th day.Local epithelial necrosis and lots of inflammatory cells infiltrate in the mesenchyma in 10th day and 14th day.The expression of AQP2 in renal collective tubule was decreased on the 5th day compared with sham operation ,and the decrease was more as time gone by.The renal function injury can be confirmed though the renal collective tubule change.Cr and BUN in serum began to increase on the 10th day and 14th day.Conclusion: Decrease of AQP2 is earlier than the increase of Cr and BUN ,and it can be the early sign of renal function injury.

Parkinson's disease is a kind of familiar diseases troubling old people in China.It's recognized internationally that DBS is the best method to control Parkinson's disease.This paper designs a kind of DBS without internal electrical source,which can greatly decrease the treatment cost for Parkinson's disease.The structure,circuit philosophy and experiments on rats are also mentioned.

Objective To establish viral inactivation/removal techniques for blood products , and apply them to inacti-vation/removal process validation of blood products .Methods Enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses were propaga-ted.Viral inactivation/removal techniques for blood products ,including solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment, low pH incuba-tion, dry heat method, pasteurization,and nanofiltration, were established.The virus titer was evaluated using cytopathic effects ( CPE) and Spearman and Karber method .The viral inactivation/removal techniques were believed to be effective when LRV≥4.These techniques were used in viral inactivation /removal validation of blood products .Results Enveloped model viruses were inactivated through S/D treatment and the low pH incubation method .Enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses were inactivated through dry heat and pasteurization .Within a certain range of filtration capacity , PPV was removed through nanofiltration .Conclusion The established viral inactivation/removal techniques can be used in viral inactivation/removal process validation of blood products , which can improve viral safety of blood products .

Objective To study the effect of recombinant human growth hormone(rhgh) on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor a(TNFa) and endotoxemia in murine experimental obstructive jaundice(OJ) models.Methods Sixty adult male wistar rats.were randomly divided into three groups A: sham operation group(SO),20;B:OJ group,20;C: OJ+rhGH group,20.The rats in group OJ and OJ+rhGH suffered from bile duct ligation,while the SO group did not.Two weeks later,rats in OJ+rhGH group were injected with rhGH subcutaneously once a day.The dose was 0.75 Iu/kg.The other two groups were injected with the same amount of saline.The endotoxin(ETX),the liver function and TNFa were detected four weeks later.Result The level of ETX(0.036?0.010EU/m1) and TNFa(182.00?88.37lpg/ml) in OJ+rhGH were much lower than those in OJ group(0.065?0.011EU/m1 P

Objective To investigate the effects of acyl and deacyl ghrelin on the expressions of PI3Kp85α,Akt/PKB and GLUT4,the key factors in insulin receptor signaling pathway of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells.Methods Insulin resistance models were made by palmitic acid induced rat L6 myoblasts.Successful models were divided into acyl ghrelin group,deacyl ghrelin group,PI3K inhibitor(LY) + acyl ghrelin group,LY + deacyl ghrelin group and control group with corresponding interventions for 24h.The glucose uptake of all group was measured through laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.Expressions of phosphorated/total PI3Kp85α,phosphorated/total Akt and cell membrane/total GLUT4 of skeletal muscle cells were measured by Western blot,and PI3Kp85α,Akt,GLUT4 mRNA expression were detected by real-time PCR.Results Induced L6 myoblasts differentiation and insulin resistance model were successfully established.Acyl and deacyl ghrelin could increase glucose uptake for 1.25 and 1.28 folds compared to control group,and the phosphorated and total PI3Kp85α expressions were 1.78 and 1.89 folds to control group,and phosphorylated/total Akt and cell membrane/total GLUT4 were 1.84 and 1.80 folds to control group.The PI3Kp85α,Akt/PKB and GLUT4 mRNA expression were also upregulated compared to control group.The above indexes of LY + acyl or deacyl ghrelin group decreased significantly compared to acyl and deacyl ghrelin group without LY.Conclusions Acyl and deacyl ghrelin can both improve insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells,increasing the glucose uptake under insulin-stimulation,and up-regulated the phosphorated PI3Kp85α,phosphorated Akt/PKB,and cell membrane GLUT4 relative protein expressions and mRNA expressions.PI3K inhibitor,LY294002,can inhibit the above improvement effect of acyl and decyl ghrelin.