ObjectiveTo study predictive value of dysphagia manifestations in clinical physical and vediofluoroscopy exam for aspiration, silent aspiration, pneumonia and nutritional status. MethodsAll kinds of manifestations in clinical and videofluoroscopy were analyzed with chi square test according to number of patients with aspiration, silent aspiration, pneumonia and grades of nutritional status at discharge. Those manifestations with statistic significance were analyzed by Logistic regression to test their quantitive predictive value. ResultsClinical characteristics can predict some manifestations under videofluoroscopy and the manifestations which can predict aspiration, silent aspiration, pneumonia in hospital and nutrition status at discharge were attained.ConclusionThese clinical and imagic predictive manifestations to aspiration, pneumonia and nutrition status are attained, which may be useful to clinical practice.

Animals ; Cadmium Compounds ; toxicity ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Lung ; cytology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Quantum Dots

Objective We selected 3 268 genes of human myocardial cells and analyzed the variability of mRNA expression of myocardial cells in normal adults,to explore the variation of energy metabolism related genes in human myocardial cell and compared the characteristics and variation tendency of energy metabolism related genes in human myocardial cells in the early stage.Methods Microarray was prepared with 3 368 myocardial cell related cDNAs.And we studied differentially expressed genes between myocardial cells and multi-tissues in normal adults by PCR,sequence,fluorescent probe labelling and double hybridisation.Results Functional group analysis was carried out with 3 268 genes of myocardial cells in normal adults.Compared with Universal Human Reference,576 genes from myocardial cells were up- regulated(≥1.5 folds).Expression of 1 199 genes were down-regulated(≤66.7%).194 genes were involved in cell energy metabolism.Among them,17 genes were up-regulated and 4 genes were down- regulated.65 genes were related with cellular skeleton,18 of them had up-regulation and one of them had down-regulation.Coneluslon Compared with multi-tissues,there were many genes preferentially expressed in myocardial cells of normal adults,which can be used as a reference system to evaluate the different stages and different pathological behaviors of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To study the inductive effect of Cortex Periplocae extract(CPE) on apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells BGC-823 and its mechanism.Methods The cell morphology and super-microstructural changes of apoptosis were analysed by Giemsa staining and electric microscope,respectively.The BGC-823 apoptosis ratio,cell cycles,and changes of apoptosis in DNA level were studied by Flow Cytometry and agarose gel electrophoresis.The genes mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes bcl-2,bax,and survivin were studied by RT-PCR and immunology cell chemistry method.Results After treatment with CPE,BGC-823 cells showed some typical morphologic features and super-microstructural changes of apoptosis.DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed characteristic "DNA ladder" pattern.Most BGC-823 cells were arrested at G_2/M phase.Some typical subdiploid peaks before G_0/G_1 phase were observed.The apoptotic rate of BGC-823 was 18.9% after 250 ?g/mL CPE treated for 48 h.The gene mRNA and protein expression of bcl-2 and survivin were inhibited by CPE,whereas that of bax was up-regulated.CPE could enhance the life span of S_(180) bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion(CPE can) inhibit the tumor growth by arresting the BGC-823 cell cycle at G_2/M phase and inducing BGC-823 apoptosis.Its mechanism is related to the inhibition on gene mRNA and protein expression of bcl-2 and survivin,and enhancement of those of bax.

Objective:To investigate the status of humanistic quality in nursing undergraduates interns , to pro-vide a reference for optimization settings humanities courses and improving humanistic quality in nursing students . Methods:A self -designed questionnaire with convenience sampling method was used to investigate 90 nursing students in M hospital .The questionnaires included requirements for clinical teachers , needs for humanities cour-ses, cognitive knowledge on humanities curriculum .Results:The nursing intern students agreed with teachers're-spect for students , profession ability , attention to communication .They wanted to increase the humanities course of interpersonal and communication , nursing aesthetics and rituals , traditional Chinese culture courses .They had a humanistic understanding of the concept of learning is to help develop good mental state and healthy personality , enhance the sense of community , strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the person's ability .Conclusion:The nursing intern students have recognized the importance of humanities courses .Increasing humanities curriculum and using a combination of diverse teaching and assessment methods were proposed to promote their humanities quality of ability.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in children with urinary tract infection.Methods All data were analyzed retrospectively.Middle segment urine samples from 573 outpatients and inpatients in children were collec-ted,cultured and identified for pathogenic bacteria by the way of ATB apparatus during Jan.2005-Dec.2007,and the drug resistance of positively cultured bacteria was tested with disc agar diffusion method.Extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) were determined by phenotypic comfirmatory test according to the criteria of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory(NCCLS),and the identifications of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRS) and high level aminoglycoside resistance(HLAR) were carried out by the methods recommended from NCCLS too.Results Four hundred and eighty-two pathogenic strains were isolated from urine culture of children during 3 years,in which 385 strains(79.9%) were gram-negative(G-) and 97 strains(20.1%) were gram-positve(G+).The primary G-bacterium was Escherichia coli which accounted for 41.1%(198 strains),and the primary G+ bacterium was Enterococcus which accounted for 14.7%(71 strains).All the strains of Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to imipenem.Their resistance rates to sulperazone,amikacin and nitrofurantoin were less than 9.7%,while the rates to piperacillin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were more than 50%.ESBLs-producing strains accounted for 59.2% in Escherichia coli and 52.7% in klebsiella pneumoniae.Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high multi-drug resistance.All the Enterococcus strains were sensitive to vancomycin.The resistance rate to nitrofurantoin was less than 8.1%.The detection rate of HLAR was 26.1%.All the Staphylococcus strains were sensitive to vancomycin.The resistance rate to nitrofurantoin and rifampicin were less than 22.4%.The detection rate of MRS was 52.7%.Conclusions The primary pathogenic bacterium in children with urinary tract infection is G-bacteria.The Escherichia coli is the first,the Enterococcus is the second and the klebsiella pneu-moniae is the third.All the pathogenic strains show high drug resistance to antibiotics in common use,therefore,clinicians should attach importance to the results from bacteria culture and susceptibility test,in order to obtian reference for accurate clinical diagnosis and rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the effects of periplocin from Cortex Periplocae (CPP) on apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells and expression of survivin, and demonstrate its anti-tumor effect and the possible mechanism. Methods Inhibitory effect of CPP at different concentrations (1. 25, 2. 50, 5. 00, 10. 00, 20. 00 ng·mL-1 ) and for different time length (24, 48, 72 h) on A549 cell proliferation was tested by MTT method. Apoptosis rate of A549 cells treated with CPP at different concentrations (2. 50, 5. 00, 10. 00 ng·mL-1 ) were measured using flow cytometry (FCM) for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. The morphological and ultrastructural changes of the apoptosis cells were observed by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide (AO/ EB) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of CPP on mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis associated gene survivin were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results CPP could significantly inhibit the growth of A549, and the inhibition rate reached (93. 46±2. 35)% . The results of FCM showed that the apoptosis rate of A549 cells treated with CPP was increased significantly as compared to the control group ( P<0. 05). Meanwhile, typical apoptotic peaks were detected. The characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in A549 exposed to CPP, including cell shrinkage, the nuclei became yellow-red by AO/ EB staining, and typical ultrastructural changes, including nuclear chromatin condensation along the nuclear membrane, vacuolar degeneration of cytoplasm observed by TEM. The result of RT-PCR indicated that survivin mRNA expression decreased obviously in A549 cells exposed to CPP. The protein expression of survivin in A549 cells treated with 10. 0 ng·mL-1 CPP(0. 251±0. 012)was weaker than that in control group(0. 928±0. 016). Conclusion CPP can induce apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines A549, and the probable mechanism is related to the down-regulation of survivin mRNA and protein.

Objective To explore the prevalence of anemia,iron deficiency and iron deficient anemia (IDA),and to identify their risk factors in 3 to 6 months infants in Dongcheng District of Beijing.Methods All the 845 infants aged 3 to 6 months who received bacille calmette guerin (BCG) vaccine during December 2010 and October 2011 in Hepingli Hospital of Beijing were invited to complete the investigation.Data (months,gender,birth weight,birth height,etc) were collected through a questionnaire survey.Infants were tested for hemoglobin (Hb),mean corpuscular volume (MCV),mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH),mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC),serum ferritin (SF) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and mothers underwent measurement for Hb,SF and serum iron (SI).Descriptive epidemiology and non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the prevalence of nutritional anemia.Results The prevalence of anemia,iron deficiency and IDA was 12.06％,7.38％ and 2.11％,respectively.Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the associated factor of anemia in infants was month age (vs.3-4 months age group,4-5 months age group:odds ratio (OR) =0.496,95％ confidence interval (CI) 0.272-0.905 ; 5-6 months age group:OR =0.494,95％ CI 0.234-1.043).The factors associated with iron deficiency were month age (vs.3-4 months age group,4-5 months age group:OR =0.539,95％ CI 0.266-1.088 ; 5-6 months age group:OR =0.334,95％ CI 0.125-0.891) and time of first breast-feeding (vs.the first day,the second day:OR =2.359,95％ CI 1.191-4.675; the third day:OR =1.154,95％ CI 0.450-2.963).Conclusions Our data show that iron nutrition in 3 to 6 months-old infants in Dongcheng District of Beijing was in good situation.The influencing factors of iron nutrition in infants may be month age and the time of first breast feeding.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of minimally invasive key-hole drainage for treating acute subdural hematoma.MethodsThirty-five patients with acute subdural hematoma treated by key-hole drainage were retrospectively analyzed.CT-oriented key-hole drainage was performed to aspirate,liquefy and drain hematoma.The transfixion pin was removed after hematoma was basically cleared within 1 to 3 days.ResultsHematoma volume decrease was greater than 80％ by follow-up CT 24 hours postoperatively.Headache and vomiting in the preoperative conscious patients were significantly relieved after key-hole drainage.Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was 5 points in 16 patients,4 points in 15 and 3 points in four six months postoperatively.One patient was complicated with hydrocephalus and two with epilepsy.ConclusionsKey-hole drainage with disposable transfixion pin selective employed for patients with acute subdural hematoma is effective and has few complications.The treatment notably improves prognosis of the patients.

BACKGROUND:Col agen type II and proteoglycan loss are two most obvious manifestations of cartilage damage in the onset of osteoarthritis. Changes in col agen type II and proteoglycan as the main components of cartilage matrix directly lead to cartilage degeneration and subsequently result in osteoarthritis. How to reverse or prevent the development of this process becomes the focus of medical research. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of warming yang and benefiting marrow recipe on the expression of col agen type II and proteoglycan in the articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis rabbits as wel as to further explore the mechanism underlying chondrocyte protection. METHODS:Ninety-six New Zealand rabbits, aged 9 months old, male and female, were selected to prepare osteoarthritis models in extension position using cast immobilization method, and were randomly divided into four groups:blank group (untreated), model group (simple modeling), Chinese medicine group (intragastric administration of extracts of warming yang and benefiting marrow recipe, 24 mL/kg/d) and western medicine group (intragastric administration of glucosamine hydrochloride, 24 mL/kg/d). Intragastric administration was done once a day for 6 weeks. RT-PCR technology was used to observe the effect of warming yang and benefiting marrow recipe on the expression of col agen type II and proteoglycans in the articular cartilage, and pathological examination was also done. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cartilage surface was smooth in the blank group and Chinese medicine group, with uniform toluidine blue staining, but in the model group and western medicine group, the cartilage surface was rough and the toluidine blue staining was extremely uneven with obvious loss of surface and middle layer dying. The expressions of cartilage proteoglycan and col agen type II in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group (P<0.01) as wel as in the Chinese medicine group and western medicine group (P<0.05). In addition, the expressions of cartilage proteoglycan and col agen type II in the Chinese medicine group were higher than those in the western medicine group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that the recipe of warming yang and benefiting marrow can enhance the expressions of col agen type II and proteoglycan, which can maintain the normal col agen phenotype and protect the articular cartilage.