To investigate risk factors and efficacy of reoperation for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) secondary to vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
●METHODS:Seven cases (7 eyes) from October, 2009 to December, 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients had NVG after the primary vitrectomy for PDR and were performed secondary vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation .
●RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure ( lOP) was (11. 21±4. 22)mmHg before primary surgery. The number of laser spots ranged from 622 to 1124 during the first vitrectomy. Cataract extraction was performed in all 7 cases and intraocular lens was implanted in 5 cases. The mean lOP was (10. 11± 3. 62) mmHg during 2mo after the primary surgery. During follow- up, all the patients had significantly progressive intraocular inflammation. Vitreous hemorrhage was not absorbed completely in 2 cases and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurred in the other 5 cases. Five cases had poor glycemic control and the other 2 cases had bad blood pressure control. NVG occurred in all 7cases. The mean lOP was (41. 13 ± 7. 76) mmHg before the secondary surgery. After the secondary surgery, the lOP were under control in 5 cases. For the other 2 cases, the lOP was controlled in one case by transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, another one was lost in follow-up with uncontrolled lOP.
●CONCLUSlON: Primary vitrectomy combined with lens extraction, insufficient laser speckle, unabsorbed and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular inflammation and systemic condition may be the risk factors associated with the occurrent of NVG after vitrectomy in PDR. Secondary vitrectomy combined with sufficient retinal photocoagulation is efficiency for NVG after vitrectomy for the PDR.

Bacteriophage is a kind of virus depending on bacterium,named bacterial virus,and it can multiply in bacterium.There're six types of Chlamydiophage discovered which are Chp1,Chp2,Chp3,Chp4,CPAR39 and PhiCPG1.Capsid proteins Vp1,Vp2 and Vp3 are three major structural proteins of Chlamydiophage.The study of Chlamydiophage will play great action on chlamydia infection therapy.

Objective To investigate the change of indications of emergency obstetric hysterectomy and the clinical application of intraoperative interventions. And to provide evidence for prevention of hysterectomy and improvement of obstetric quality. Methods Clinical data were collected from 97 patients who received emergency obstetric hysterectomy at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2013. The patients were divided into two groups by the time point of January 1st, 2009: the first group was cases treated between January 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2008, while the second group was cases treated between January 1st, 2009 and December 31st, 2013. The clinical indicators, surgical indications, intraoperative interventions, and blood loss between the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. Results (1) Incidence:54 857 women delivered at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2013. Of them, 97 patients received emergency obstetric hysterectomy, with an incidence of 0.177% (97/54 857). (2) The 17 patients delivered vaginally (18%,17/97) and 80 by caesarean section (83%,80/97). Forty-nine patients experienced repregnancy with scar uterus (51%, 49/97). About 41 patients underwent abdominal total hysterectomy (42%,41/97) and 56 received subtotal hysterectomy (58%,56/97). (3) The number of patients were comparable between the two groups (50 vs 47;P>0.05). (4) The main surgical indication was uterine inertia (45%, 44/97). The main causes of uterine inertia were excessive uterine tension (45%, 20/44) and placental abruption due to gestational hypertension (32%, 14/44). Of all the indications, 29 patients in the first group (58%, 29/50) and 15 patients in the second group (32%, 15/47) suffered from postpartum hemorrhage. Pathological placenta embedment occurred in 15 patients in the first group (30%, 15/50) and 25 patients in the second group (53%, 25/47). The incidences of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine inertia or pathological placenta embedment were significantly different between the two groups (both P<0.05), respectively. (5) In the first group, the average preoperative blood loss was (2 900±1 900) ml, and the average intraoperative amount of infused white&red blood cells was (5.9±3.5) U, with the average operation time of (2.2 ± 1.8) hours and the average in-hospital duration of (7.8 ± 2.3) days. In the second group, the average preoperative blood loss was (3 100± 2 200) ml, and the intraoperative amount of infused white&red blood cells was (6.2± 5.2) U, with the average operation time of (2.5± 2.1) hours and the average in-hospital duration of (7.9 ± 2.9) days. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of these indicators (P>0.05). Postpartum hemorrhage was usually treated with uterine packing in the first group, but was preferentially treated with potent uterine contraction agents, arterial ligation, uterine balloon compression or B-Lynch suture in the second group. The therapeutic effects of these new treatments were significantly better than uterine packing (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of emergency obstetric hysterectomy did not change significantly in the past decade. However, the indications and intraoperative interventions have changed significantly in the second five years compared with the first five years. The main surgical indications were uterine inertia and postpartum hemorrhage due to pathological placenta embedment. Therefore, strict control of caesarean section indications was important to reduce emergency obstetric hysterectomy.

Bacillus cereus B-04 antagonist to Botrytis cinerea were isolated from samples of tomato soil infected by Botrytis cinerea in Zibo, which are identified through a series of morphological and biochemical characteristics and the sequence of 16SrDNA. Aiming at enhancing the inhibitory effect of this strain, a 4.1kb DNA fragment containing ?-1,3-glucanases gene from pUC1940 was inserted into vector pBE2 and pHY300PLK to construct recombination plasmids, PBE2-glu and pHY300PLK-glu, which were transferred into Bacillus cereus B-04, resulting in a new strain named B-04-glu. Restriction enzyme digestion and ?-1,3-glucanases plate culture confirmed that B-04-glu contained a functional ?-1,3-glucanases gene. Compared to the wild strain B-04, B-04-glu had an increased inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea on tomato.

DPP-4 inhibitors are new oral hypoglycemic drugs and hot spots developed and launched in recent years, and they pro-vide new choices for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. In China, DPP-4 inhibitors that are approved to use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are all imported products currently. In the paper, the current intellectual property situation of DPP-4 inhibitors that are developed and approved at home and abroad is researched and analyzed. Reasonable use of the patent information of DPP-4 inhibitors that is about to expire or have failed can provide good guidance for the subsequent development of DPP-4 inhibitors in domestic with promising curative effect and good market prospects, and can generate new patents in order to enhance the market competitiveness.

Objectives:To observe the effect of metabolic intervention of anti TNF antibody on the hypermetabolism occurred in intra abdominal infection(IAI) complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). Methods:Twenty rabbits were operated on with cecal ligation plus puncture(CLP) inducing IAI and MODS and were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving the anti TNF serum raised against TNF ?(anti TNF group) at 0.5?h after CLP and another receiving the non specific serum (control group). All animals were placed in metabolic cages and maintained with intravenous infusion for the observation period of one week. Serum levels of cytokines(TNF, IL 6), hormones (cortisol, insulin, glucagon), biochemical indexes (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin) and daily excretions of urea nitrogen (UN),creatinine (Cr) and 3 methylhistidine (3 MH) were dynamically determined for 7 days. The death of animals was also recorded. Results:Compared with the control group, the levels of serum TNF, IL 6 and cortisol were significantly decreased and the levels of insulin and glucagon were kept normal after the injection of immune serum in anti TNF group, with significant improvements of biochemical indexes and decreased excretions of UN, Cr and 3 MH in urine. The survival rate was significantly increased in the anti TNF group. Conclusions:The anti TNF antibody can attenuate the metabolic abnormalities of IAI and MODS, being of the metabolic intervention on the hypermetabolism.

Objective:Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a key molecule negatively regulating osteoclast differentiation and activation; and the conserved mycobacterial heat shock 70 (HSP70) peptide p111-125 has also been found to inhibit inflammation reactions in chronic arthritis. BaculoDirectTM baculovirus expression system was selected to express recombinant OPG-HSP70 in insect cells.Methods:The human functional fragment (p22-194) of OPG and functional fragment (p111-125) of mycobacterial HSP70 gene were cloned into the transfer vector pENTRTM/SD/D-TOPO. The recombinant plasmid was performed an LR reaction with the BaculoDirectTM Linear DNA to generate recombinant baculovirus DNA. The cultured Sf9 insect cells were directly transferred with the recombinant baculovirus DNA,and the pure recombinant baculovirus was obtained. Then recombinant baculovirus was infected Sf9 insect cells again to express the OPG-HSP70 gene.Results:The target protein was detected at the time of 48h post infection,reached at highest yield at the time of 72h post-infection. A 28kDa protein immunostaining band was detected by Western blotting from lysate of those cells.And the purified protein was obtained by using Ni-NTA system. Functional stuies on the fusion protein showed it significantly reduce osteoclast cell number[(3.10?0.640) cells under each microscope field in treatment group by comparing to (10.70?0.817)cells in the control group] in the osteoclast inhibition test,and reduce the inflammation reaction in a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) mice model (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of the stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1), Mucin1 (Muc1) and CD24 in quiescent mammary glands of female rats.

METHODSThe expressions of CD24 and Sca-1 were detected in 6- and 9-week-old female rat mammary gland by Western blotting. Sections (4 microm) of 6- and 9-week-old female SD rat mammary gland were prepared to observe the expressions of Sca-1, Muc1 and CD24 by immunohistochemical labeling and immunofluorescence labeling.

RESULTSCD24 and Sca-1 in the mammary glands were expressed at lower level in 6-week-old female rats than in 9-week-old female rats. Sca-1 expression was detected in the mammary gland ductus, branching ductus, and areas surrounding the gland alveolus; CD24 was expressed in the mammary gland branching ductus and fat pads, and also the regions surrounding the gland alveolus. Muc1 expression was localized in the mammary gland ductus and branching ductus.

CONCLUSIONSSca-1-, CD24- and Muc1-positive cells may represent mammary gland progenitor cells, mammary gland stem cells, and mammary gland mature epithelium cells, respectively. This study provides some morphological evidences for identifying these cells, but they still need further verifications in cellular transplantation experiments.

Animals ; Ataxin-1 ; Ataxins ; CD24 Antigen ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To investigate possible neural mechanism of anisometropic amblyopia by analysing the whole brain volume changes both in grey matter and white matter using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods Twelve anisometropic amblyopia patients and 12 age,gender and handedness matched healthy volunteers underwent 3-dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR)sequence scanning on 1.5 Tesla MR system.Raw data was processed and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM)5.ResultsCompared to healthy controls,the grey matter exhibiting significantly decreased volume in patients included right cuneus,bilateral occipital gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus,right superior temporal gyrus,right precuneus,and middle part of right cingulate gyrus ( clusters ＞ 10).The grey matter showing increased volume in patients included right cerebellum,right parahippocampal gyrus,left precentral gyrus,and left superior frontal gyrus (clusters ＞ 10).The white matter volume in bilateral optic radiation and internal capsule,especially right optic radiation,decreased significantly in patient group (clusters ＞ 10 ).No white matter showed significantly increased volume in patient group.ConclusionVBM can be used to investigate the changes of grey matter volume and white matter volume in the whole brain of anisometropic amblyopia children,it provides a method to illustrate the presumed neuro-mechanism from a morphologic point of view.

OBJECTIVETo establish the method for isolation, culture, and differentiation induction of nestin-positive cells in fetal rat hepatic cells.

METHODSHepatic cells were obtained from fetal rats by means of mechanical separation and hanging-drop culture, and after two days of primary culture, the medium was changed for further cell culture in the presence of 20% fetal bovine serum (containing glucose 25 ml/L, mycillin 100 U/ml, pH 7.6), 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 1 mg/L insulin, affix N2, basic fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor, epidermal growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONNestin-positive cells were obtained from fetal rat liver, which can differentiate into islet beta cells after culture and expansion in vitro.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Islets of Langerhans ; cytology ; drug effects ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; pharmacology ; Liver ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Nestin ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cell Factor ; pharmacology