Abnormalities, Multiple ; genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; genetics ; Growth Disorders ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Method Forty-five pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups( n =15 each):sham operation group (group S),cerebral ischemia reperfusion group (group IR) and tea polyphenols group (group TP).Global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was establish by four-vessel occlusion method.At 24 h of reperfusion,five rats were chosen and Evan's blue(EB) was injected iv,and then sacrificed and brain was removed for determination of EB content; another five rats were sacrificed and brain was removed for determination of water content; five rats were chosen for Morris water maze test.Result Compared with group S,EB content and water content in brain tissue were increased in groups IR and 'rP,and escape latency was prolonged,frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced in group IR ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with group IR,EB content and water content in brain tissue were decreased,and escape latency was shortened,frequency of crossing the original platform was increased in group Tp ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tea polyphenols can attenuate global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.

Objective To develop a real-time PCR assay for the rapid identification of Clostridium(C.)difficile and its toxin. Methods TaqMan real-time PCR was developed for the rapid identification of species specific gene(tpi)of C. difficile strains and the toxins A(TcdA),B(TcdB) and truncated toxin A(TcdAT). Sensitivity,specificity and anti-interference ability of these methods were estimated,as well. Feces sampled from fifty diarrhea patients were tested by real-time PCR and compared to the results from VIDAS assay. Results The detection limits of tpi were 6×10-2 CFU/μl and 6 × 10-1 CFU/μl in the non-oxin producing and toxin producing strains,respectively. The coefficients of variability (CV) of intra-assay and inter-assay for the detection limits of tpi in the non-toxin producing strain were 2.1% and 2.3%. The CVs of intra-assay and inter-assay for the detection limit of tpi,tcdA,tcdB and tcdAT in the toxin producing strain were 3.0%and 3.4%,2.9%and 3.2%,5.3%and 5.7%,2.7%and 2.8%,respectively. No interferance was detected from other genus or species in clostridium. From 50 clinical samples,thirty-nine of them were negative and six of them were positive under the TaqMan-MGB probe technique in accordance with VIDAS. Five samples appeared positive using the TaqMan-MGB probe technique,in which 3 were dubious and 2 were negative under VIDAS. Conclusion The newly developed method was a sensitive and reliable assay for rapid identification of C. difficile and its toxin. This method could be used to screen C. difficile isolates harboring truncated toxin A to avoid misdiagnosis,clinically.

OBJECTIVETo extract polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposita by alpha-amylase and ultrasound.

METHODThe optimum condition of enzyme-assisted extraction has been obtained through orthogonal test according to the yield of polysaccharides.

RESULTA higher yield of polysaccharides was achieved at 55 degrees C, pH 5.5 , with a load of alpha-amylase 10 mg for 1.0 hour, the extraction rate was increased by in compare of sonolysis treatment alone.

CONCLUSIONTo carry out an enzyme treatment before ultrasound--assisted extraction elevated the yield of polysaccharides.

Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; alpha-Amylases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo estimate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy, and the factors that may contribute to the prevalence of co-morbidity between ADHD and epilepsy.

METHODSA total of 256 children aged 6-15 years old who were diagnosed with epilepsy were enrolled. The prevalence of ADHD in children with epilepsy, and the factors that may contribute to the development of co-morbidity between ADHD and epilepsy were explored.

RESULTSThe systematic evaluation in 192 patients was completed. Of the 192 children, 81 (42.2%) were diagnosed with ADHD. The earlier the epilepsy onset, the higher the frequency of the co-morbidity of ADHD occurring. The longer the period of antiepileptic medication, the higher the prevalence of the co-morbidity of ADHD. Epileptic children receiving a combination of antiepileptic drugs had a higher prevalence of ADHD. ADHD was more common in children with some specific types of epilepsy, such as Lannox-Gastaut syndrome and generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, or epilepsy with multifocal epileptic discharges in the EEG record.

CONCLUSIONSADHD occurs frequently in children with epilepsy. The factors associated with increased risk of ADHD include the onset age of epilepsy, the types of seizures or epileptic syndromes, the epileptiform EEG discharges, and the effects of antiepileptic drugs.

Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; complications ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence

Objective To apply Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum models for the estimation and projection on HIV/AIDS epidemics in areas with relatively low HIV/AIDS prevalence in China,and to explore the influences of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the outputs of the models.Methods Taizhou prefecture in Zhejiang province was selected as the study site.Social and demographic data as well as all the information on HIV/AIDS epidemics in Taizhou prefecture were collected,managed,input to EPP and Spectrum models to estimate and project the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Taizhou prefecture.Impact of ART on the HIV/AIDS epidemic was also assessed.Results According to the estimates from both EPP and Spectrum model,the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Taizhou prefecture was at a relatively low level.HIV prevalence rates among men having sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDU) were relatively high and rapidly increasing.It was estimated that 1773 (1384-2449) people were living with HIV in 2010 in Taizhou prefecture,with an overall HIV prevalence of 0.03％ (0.02％-0.04％).ART had reduced and would continue to reduce new HIV infections and AIDS deaths,but had no significant impact on the overall HIV prevalence and the numbers of people living with HIV and adults who were in need of ART.Conclusion EPP and Spectrum models seemed to be suitable and useful tools for estimation and projection on HIV/AIDS in Taizhou prefecture,and the results could provide reference for the further studies in other areas with a relatively low epidemic level of HIV/AIDS.ART appeared effective for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.

Recently, the immunotherapy has been highlighted among cancer treatments. Cancer-testis antigen (CTA) has been studied in a variety of solid tumors because of its specific expression in tumors, and testis, ovary and placenta tissues, but not in other normal tissues. In order to provide a new approach for multiple myeloma (MM) immunotherapy, we examined the CTA expression in MM cell lines, and primary myeloma cells in patients with MM. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in MM cell lines of RPMI-8226 and U266, and bone marrow (BM) cells of 25 MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers. The results showed that the 4 CTAs were expressed in RPMI-8226 and U266 cell lines. The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 in the BM cells of 25 MM patients was 28% (7/25), 80% (20/25), 40% (10/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. In contrast, the expression of any member of the CTAs was not detected in BM cells of 18 healthy volunteers. The expression of two or more CTAs was detected in 80% (20/25) MM patients, and that of at least one CTA in 88% (22/25). The mRNA expression levels of SSX1 and SSX4 were significantly higher in patients with MM at stage III than in those at stage I and II (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-C1/CT7 and SSX2 in further stratified analyses by age, gender, MM types and percentage of MM cells in BM (P>0.05). In conclusion, our present study showed that MAGE-C1/CT7, SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 were co-expressed in MM cell lines and the primary myeloma cells in MM patients, but not expressed in BM cells of healthy subjects. The mRNA levels of SSX1 and SSX4 are associated with MM clinical stage. This work may provide a new insight into MM immunotherapy in the future.
Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Repressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the improvement effect of vitamins B1, B2, PP supplementation to the metabolism changes of carbohydrates, lipids, protein and energy in mice exposed to acute hypoxia.

METHODSFifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal, acute hypoxia, acute hypoxia plus 2 times, 4 times and 8 times vitamins B1, B2, PP supplemented groups. All mice were fed corresponding diets for two weeks and then except the normal group were exposed to a simulated altitude of 6 000 meters for 8 hours. The changes of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, urea nitrogen, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid from serum, liver glycogen and blood adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration were measured.

RESULTSAfter being exposed to acute hypoxia, the mice glucose, liver glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and urea nitrogen level were increased significantly (P < 0.05), while blood ATP concentration was decreased. In the vitamins B1, B2 and PP supplemented groups, these changes were improved.

CONCLUSIONThe significant changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism were observed in mice exposed to acute hypoxia, and the supplementation of vitamins B1, B2 and PP was proved to be beneficial in improving some metabolic pathways. It is suggested that the supplemented dose of four times was good.

Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Riboflavin ; administration & dosage ; Thiamine ; administration & dosage ; Vitamin B Complex ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo investigate the metabolic changes of mice serum after loaded swimming and to provide a basis for the study of anti-fatigue functional food.

METHODSThe male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four group, fed an AIN-93 diet for 14 days, and forced to swim for 30, 60 or 120 min, respectively, with a load on their tails. The mice were executed after swimming immediately and the changes of serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using metabolomic approach. The spectrum was acquired by using Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill (CPMG) or Longitudinal Eddy Current Delay (LED) sequence, and transformed into 1H NMR spectrogram via Fourier transformation. All the data were analyzed by principal component analysis by using the SIMCA-P+ software.

RESULTSThe serum metabolic profiles changed significantly after loaded swimming. Serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetate, lactate, lipid were increased and glucose, choline, phosphorylcholine, alanine and phosphatidylcholine decreased. These changes were time dependent.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of serum metabolic profiles after loaded swimming were time dependent, especially for lipid metabolite.Further study based on the interaction of choline and lipid metabolism may contribute to understand the mechanism of fatigue.

Animals ; Choline ; metabolism ; Fatigue ; blood ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Metabolome ; Mice ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Swimming ; physiology