The high production inulase strain was screened from the soil sample where burdock planted in Qin Village,Bayou Town,Pei County,Xuzhou.Inulase activity were determined which produced by 40 strains separated from soil.Three mold stains,C122803、D081506 and D081513,which had higher ability of producing inulase were obtained by using transparent circle method as initial screening and rocker method as re-screening.Enzyme activity of the three strains were 1.411U/ml,1.895U/ml,1.792U/ml,separately.Enzyme activity of D081506,1.895U/ml,was the highest.The fermentation conditions of D081506 were studied and the optimized conditions were lappa juice 2.0%,yeast extraction 1.6%,(NH4)2SO4 0.5%,NaCl 0.5%,K2HPO4 0.5% and pH 5.0.Inulase activity of D081506 was 2.9578U/ml which increased 56.09% under the condition of 27℃,140r/min,24h.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia.Methods Three hundred and twenty patients with suspected brucellosis were selected,who had registered in the Ulanqab Center for Endemic Disease Control of Inner Mongolia from April to June 2011.The investigation covered general situation,such as gender,age,occupation and main clinical symptoms and so on.Blood samples were collected,and Rose Bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) was used for serum screening.Those who were tested positive in RBPT were confirmed with tube agglutination test (SAT).Brucellosis was diagnosed according to Diagnostic criteria for Brucellosis (WS 269-2007).Data were analyzed with statistical software(SPSS 17.0).Results One hundred and thirty-four cases were positive in RBPT of the 320 people surveyed,of which 93 cases were positive in SAT; antibody titers were higher than 1 ∶ 100(++),therefore they were diagnosed as brucellosis,and the ratio was 29.1％(93/320).The number of patients with suspected brucellosis who were negative in SAT test was 41,and the ratio was 12.8％ (41/320).Among the 93 people who were infected,the constituent ratio of farmers and herdsmen who engaged in livestock was the highest,accounted for 63.4％(59/93) and 24.7％ (23/93) of the total number of patients ; infection rate of male (30.9％,55/178) was higher than that of females (26.7％,38/142) ; the number(39) of brucellosis patients who were over the age of 51 was the highest,and the ratio is 42.0％.The onset season mainly in May and August; main route of exposure was bare hands lambing,midwifery and contact with infected sheep pollutants.Conclusions Sheep is the main source of human Brucella infection in Ulanqab.It is the key to control the spreading of brucellosis through improving awareness of disease prevention among farmers and herdsmen as well intensifying the prevention and control of Brucella infection between livestock.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical presentations and the operational opportunity of traumatic cervical disc herniation.

METHODSFrom June 2002 to June 2009,40 patients with traumatic cervical disc herniation were treated. There were 24 males and 16 females, with an average age of 43.2 years old ranging from 30 to 56 years. There were 36 patients with single intervertebral disc herniation and 4 patients with double. The injury level of those patients were at C3,4 in 16 cases, C4,5 in 10 cases, C5,6 in 12 cases and C6,7 in 6 cases. Among them, 18 patients showed spinal cord signal changes by MRI, 5 patients suffered from nothing but neck and shoulder pain, 8 patients with nerve root stimulation; 10 patients with spinal cord compression, and 17 patients had both nerve root stimulation and spinal cord compression symptoms. Conservative treatment were applied to 13 patients with neck and shoulder pain and nerve root stimulation, 5 cases of which were transferred to operation in case of poor effects, and Odom criteria were used to assess operational effects. Twenty-seven patients with spinal cord compression accepted operation from 1 to 27days after their trauma, 16 of which were operated in 5 days (early operational group with an JOA score of 11.3 +/- 2.8), other 11 cases were operated from 5 to 27 days (delayed operational group with an JOA score of 11.4 +/- 2.9 ), then functional assessment of spinal cord were assessed according to JOA criteria.

RESULTSThree patients who were transferred from conservative treatment recovered excellently according to Odom criteria and the other 2 were good at final followed-up. JOA score of early operational group increased from (11.3 +/- 2.8) to (15.3 +/- 1.8) one week after operation (P < 0.01), and (15.9 +/- 1.4) at final followed-up (P < 0.01). JOA score of delayed operational group increased from (11.4 +/- 2.9) to (14.0 +/- 2.6) one week after operation (P < 0.01), and (15.3 +/- 1.5) at final followed-up (P < 0.01). The recovery ratio of JOA score of early operational group were (74.6 +/- 16.8)% 1 week after operation,and increased to (85.6 +/- 13.6)% at final followed-up; while that of delayed operational group were (50.9 +/- 17.5)% and (68.2 +/- 21.5)%, and there were significant difference between early operational group and delayed operational group both at 1 week postoperation and final followup (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere are some difference in pathological segment and imaging manifestation between traumatic cervical disc herniation and cervical spondylosis. Early operation is favorable to the recovery of neurological function in patients with spinal cord compression.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

H4IIE hepatoma cells transfected by recombinant adiponectin adeno-associated virus vectors were effectively mediated adiponectin gene expression and enhanced the ability of suppressing glucose production of H4IIE cells at low concentration of insulin.Improvement of the insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes may contribute to the glucose-lowering effect of adiponectin.

OBJECTIVETo explore the pharmacological anti-inflammatory mechanism of Chinese formula Qingwen Baidu Decoction (清瘟败毒饮, QBD) from the view of holistic biology.

METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into a normal conrol group, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, the low- and high-dose QBD groups, and a dexamethasone (DXM) group. NR8383 cells were treated with culture fluid containing 6% serum from rats of each group respectively. Inflammatory mediators were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting hybridization, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene array and antibody array.

RESULTSIt is showed that the levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-4 and IL-12 were enhanced in the low-dose QBD group; levels of IL-1α, IL-12 and IL-18 were augmented in the high-dose QBD group, compared with the LPS group after ELISA detection. Western blot showed that IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression of the control group were lower than other groups. IL-1β level of the low-dose and high-dose QBD groups detected by RT-PCR was higher in early stage but lower after 24 h than that of the control group (P<0.01). Expression of 84 main inflammatory cytokines and receptors was detected by rat inflammatory cytokines and receptors PCR array. Up-regulation genes were 22 in both the LPS group and the low-dose QBD group, among which 16 up-regulating genes were the same. In these 16 genes, the up-regulating amplitude of 9 genes in the low-dose QBD group was less than that in the LPS group, 4 were similar to and 3 were more. Twenty-nine main cytokines were inspected by rat cytokine antibody array. Intergroup gray value differences were found in 7 expressed cytokines. The levels of these 7 cytokines in the low-dose QBD group were all lower than those in the the LPS group.

CONCLUSIONSQBD has anti-inflammatory effect on sepsis by changing the level of inflammatory mediators.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Denaturation ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sepsis ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of recombinant adenovirus Ad-ING4 on K562 cells.

METHODSHuman ING4 recombinant transfer vector pAdTrack-CMV-ING4 was constructed by enzyme digest and ligation of human ING4 gene which was obtained through site specific point mutation of mouse ING4. The vector was co-transduced into BJ5183 E. coli with pAdEasy-1. The new recombinant adenovirus vector pAdEasy-1-pAdTrack-CMV-hING4 was transfected into QBI-293A cells. To obtain the ING4 recombined adenovirus (Ad-ING4). Ad-ING4 was used to infect K562 cells. The effect on K562 cells of ING4 was tested by LSCM FCM and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSHuman ING4 recombinant adenovirus vector was constructed successfully, and high titre ING4 recombinant adenovirus (Ad-ING4) was obtained. ING4 can down-regulate the expression of bcl-2 and up-regulate expression of bax. The apoptosis of K562 cells induced by ING4 was proved by LSCM FCM and immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis rate was 19.7% (after 72h), which displayed significant difference compared with that of control groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAd-ING4 can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce the cells apoptosis. The human ING4 recombinant adenoviral vector constructed might provide an approach to the target therapy of tumors.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Genetic Vectors ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Transfection ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics

The eye is a highly protected organ , which makes it a formida-ble task to develop an effective drug delivery approach for ocular disea-ses.Transport of drugs applied by traditional dosage forms such as topical and intravitreal routes of administration is severely restricted to the eye , especially to the posterior segment areas.During the past decades , great progress has been made in ocular drug delivery systems facilitated by new technologies such as microemulsion , nanosuspension , nanoparticle , lipo-some, niosome, dendrimer, contact lens, intraocular implants, ionto-phoresis and microneedle , et al.In this review , recent developments of ocular drug delivery systems are summarized.

OBJECTIVETo explore targets of Chinese herbal medicine at cellular and molecular leve1s through an experimental study on Yinxingye Capsule (YC) intervening vascular endothelial cell apoptoeis of hyperhornocysteinemia (HHcy) rats.

METHODSThe HHcy model was prepared in male Wistar rats. Totally 42 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the control group (n =10), the model group (n = 11), the YC group (n =11), the folic acid group (n =10). Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solution (1%) was administered to rats in the control group by gastrogavage.3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg was administered to rats in the model group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and folic acid suspension at 0. 06 g/kg was administered to rats in the folic acid group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and YC at 0. 02 g/kg was administered to rats in the YC group by gastrogavage. Morphological changes of aortic tissue were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level was detected in each group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta on different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (Ach) were detected. Gene expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), c-Fos, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSPathological results showed that thickening aortic endothelium, swollen and desquamated endothelial cells. Few foam cells could be seen in the model group. Myoma-like proliferation of smooth muscle cells in tunica media could also be seen. These pathological changes were milder in the YC group and the folic acid group. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy levels increased in the model group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach and 10(-7) -10(-3)mol/L SNP all decreased in the model group (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS increased, but c-IAP2 gene expressions decreased in the model group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, plasma Hcy levels decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at various SNP concentrations except 10(-6) mol/L SNP in the folic acid group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach (all P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group, but c-IAP2 gene expression increased in the folic acid group (all P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONYC could reduce plasma Hcy levels, down-regulate gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS, thereby reducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, improving vascular endothelial function, and delaying atherosclerotic process.

Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; drug therapy ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Nitroprusside ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

To investigate the chemical constituents of A. barbadensis, aqueous extract of the plant was subjected to preparative medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The chemical structures were mainly determined by spectroscopic evidences (UV, IR, HR-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC, 1H-1H COSY and HMBC) and chemical methods. A new O, O, O-triglucosylated naphthalene derivative, together with two known 6-phenyl-2-pyrone derivatives and four 5-methylchromones, were isolated and identified as 1-((3-((4- O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyloxymethyl)-1-hydroxy-8-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)naphthalene-2-y])-ethanone (1), 10-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl aloenin (2), aloenin B (3), aloesin (4), 8-C-glucosyl-(R)-aloesol (5), 8-C-glucosyl-7-O-methyl-(S)-aloesol (6), and isoaloeresin D (7). Compound 1 is a novel naphthalene derivative and named as aloveroside B, compounds 2-3 are isolated from this Aloe species for the first time.
Aloe ; chemistry ; Chromones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Naphthalenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEWith the extremity soft tissue sarcoma close to neurovascular bundle, combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy or simple en bloc resection were performed to evaluate the treatment outcome of the combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy.

METHODSRetrospectively investigation was performed for the extremity soft tissue sarcoma close to neurovascular bundle between 2000 and 2009. Inclusion criteria were primary extremity soft tissue sarcoma, MRI showed that the reaction zone involved the main neurovascular bundle, and the reaction zone closed less than 1 cm to the main neurovascular bundle. 86 cases were included in the study. There were 41 men and 45 women. The average age was 38.5 years old (Range from 15 to 73). There were malignant fibrous histiocytoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and vascular sarcoma etc. The stage were IA (8), IIA (12), IIB (10), IIC (7), III (43) and IV (6).

RESULTSDuring an average follow-up of 53 months (range 24 - 102 months), the distant metastasis rate 32.56% (28/86) and the lymph node metastasis rate was 6.98% (6/86). The local recurrence rates was 13.95% (12/86). In the group of combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy with 38 cases, the local recurrence rates was 5.26% (2/38). Four cases had wound infection and six cases had wound delay healing. The MSTS functional score was 21.11 ± 1.79. In the group of simple en bloc resection with 48 cases, the local recurrence rates was 20.83% (10/48). One case had wound infection and four cases had wound delay healing. The MSTS functional score was 84.23% (26.11 ± 1.79). The local recurrence rates was significant different between.

CONCLUSIONWith the extremity soft tissue sarcoma close to neurovascular bundle, combined en bloc resection and brachytherapy could decrease the local recurrence rate.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brachytherapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Young Adult