Ever from FDA approved the Rituxan in 1997,an Anti-CD-20 chimeric antibody,there have been more than 20 antibodies approved and they have got into more than 56 countries.About half approvied antibodies are curing kinds of cancers and seven of them have got a excellent sale targets to be "Blockbuster Drug".As the cell culture technology improving,the large scale cell expression titer comes from 1g/L to 5g/L.At the same time,the culture scale is coming form 12,000L to 15,000L,even 20000L and it can run several bioreactors at the same time.All these are make the improvement of the antibody purification.The new edition of media,system,chromatography technology and filtration technology can product the protein to several tens kilogram antibody per cycle and tons per year,although the productivity is only several kilograms per cycle many years ago.Also the new combined technology makes a two-step chromatography production protocol come into been.This will highly improve the antibody productivity and save the investment cost.

Based on the new trend of transition from information service to knowledge service currently emerging in the field of information service,the paper presents the construction of a knowledge service system based on clinical data center.It introduces the architecture of the system,analyzes its features,describes its application effect and discusses the issues to be concerned for the further development of the knowledge service system in the future.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia.Methods Three hundred and twenty patients with suspected brucellosis were selected,who had registered in the Ulanqab Center for Endemic Disease Control of Inner Mongolia from April to June 2011.The investigation covered general situation,such as gender,age,occupation and main clinical symptoms and so on.Blood samples were collected,and Rose Bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) was used for serum screening.Those who were tested positive in RBPT were confirmed with tube agglutination test (SAT).Brucellosis was diagnosed according to Diagnostic criteria for Brucellosis (WS 269-2007).Data were analyzed with statistical software(SPSS 17.0).Results One hundred and thirty-four cases were positive in RBPT of the 320 people surveyed,of which 93 cases were positive in SAT; antibody titers were higher than 1 ∶ 100(++),therefore they were diagnosed as brucellosis,and the ratio was 29.1％(93/320).The number of patients with suspected brucellosis who were negative in SAT test was 41,and the ratio was 12.8％ (41/320).Among the 93 people who were infected,the constituent ratio of farmers and herdsmen who engaged in livestock was the highest,accounted for 63.4％(59/93) and 24.7％ (23/93) of the total number of patients ; infection rate of male (30.9％,55/178) was higher than that of females (26.7％,38/142) ; the number(39) of brucellosis patients who were over the age of 51 was the highest,and the ratio is 42.0％.The onset season mainly in May and August; main route of exposure was bare hands lambing,midwifery and contact with infected sheep pollutants.Conclusions Sheep is the main source of human Brucella infection in Ulanqab.It is the key to control the spreading of brucellosis through improving awareness of disease prevention among farmers and herdsmen as well intensifying the prevention and control of Brucella infection between livestock.

OBJECTIVE To develop a non-paper,interactive,multiplex medium way,and to obtain the information disinfection protection on second level of time.METHODS Using the computer,the touchscreen,the personal digital assistant(PDA),the general packet radio service(GPRS),the pronounciation(man-machine conversation),the video frequency and the other advanced technology methods,to study and develop an electronic version of intelligent search engine system for disinfection protection.RESULTS Touching namely attained the applied and guided information,such as to fulfil exactly the disinfection technology standard for the medical workers in medical establishments,to provide the post work instruction;to correctly guide the disinfection protection for common family;and to build the communication platfrom with the enterprisers in order to meet the demand for disinfection protection appliances from the society,hospital and family.CONCLUSIONS The intelligent search engine system is feasible applying to use.

Objective To explore the sleeping quality of cancer inpatients and the related factors.Methods A total of 160 cancer patients were investigated with PSQI and self-made questionnaire of intervention factors of sleeping quality.Results The total scores of PSQt of cancer inpatients were (7.575±3.209).66.8% of cancer inpatients had the trouble of sleeping quality.The main related factors were: the desire of family members care, economic problem, fear of surgical therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusions The total scores of PSQI of cancer inpatients are higher than that of health people.The sleeping quality problem of cancer inpatient should be highly concerned. It is necessary to investigate and build a standardized and systematized sleeping nursing model to promote the sleeping quality of cancer inpatient.

OBJECTIVETo assess the reproducibility of whole-body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) technique in healthy volunteers under normal breathing with background body signal suppression.

METHODSWB-DWI was performed on 32 healthy volunteers twice within two-week period using short TI inversion-recovery diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging sequence and built-in body coil. The volunteers were scanned across six stations continuously covering the entire body from the head to the feet under normal breathing. The bone apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and exponential ADC (eADC) of regions of interest (ROIs) were measured. We analyzed correlation of the results using paired-t-test to assess the reproducibility of the WB-DWI technique.

RESULTSWe were successful in collecting and analyzing data of 64 WB-DWI images. There was no significant difference in bone ADC and eADC of 824 ROIs between the paired observers and paired scans (P>0.05). Most of the images from all stations were of diagnostic quality.

CONCLUSIONThe measurements of bone ADC and eADC have good reproducibility. WB-DWI technique under normal breathing with background body signal suppression is adequate.

Adult ; Aged ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Respiration ; Whole Body Imaging ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in spatial learning performance and long-term potentiation (LTP) which is recognized as a component of the cellular basis of learning and memory in normal and lead-exposed rats after administration of melatonin (MT) for two months.

METHODSExperiment was performed in adult male Wistar rats (12 controls, 12 exposed to melatonin treatment, 10 exposed to lead and 10 exposed to lead and melatonin treatment). The lead-exposed rats received 0.2% lead acetate solution from their birth day while the control rats drank tap water. Melatonin (3 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to the control and lead-exposed rats from the time of their weaning by gastric gavage each day for 60 days, depending on their groups. At the age of 81-90 days, all the animals were subjected to Morris water maze test and then used for extracellular recording of LTP in the dentate gyrus (DG) area of the hippocampus in vivo.

RESULTSLow dose of melatonin given from weaning for two months impaired LTP in the DG area of hippocampus and induced learning and memory deficit in the control rats. When melatonin was administered over a prolonged period to the lead-exposed rats, it exacerbated LTP impairment, learning and memory deficit induced by lead.

CONCLUSIONMelatonin is not suitable for normal and lead-exposed children.

Animals ; Female ; Lead ; toxicity ; Learning ; drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation ; drug effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Melatonin ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Rats ; Spatial Behavior ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDSerum expression of cytokines may provide information about the clinical outcome of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum cytokine levels and the clinical outcome of erlotinib treatment in a second or third line setting in patients with advanced NSCLC.

METHODSA total of 162 patients with advanced NSCLC who received erlotinib as either second or third line therapy were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected before the initiation of erlotinib treatment, and the levels of IL-1, IL- 2R, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cutoff points were defined as the median levels of IL-1 (low (≥26.5 pg/ml) and high (>26.5 pg/ml)), IL-2R (low ( = 115 pmol/L) and high (>15 pmol/L)), IL-6 (low (≤49.5 pg/ml) and high (>49.5 pg/ml)), and TNF-α (low (≤48.5 pg/ml) and high (>48.5 pg/ml)). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the survival time, and Cox regression analyses were used to correlate cytokines and baseline clinical characteristics with clinical outcomes, including time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTSBetween January 2007 and May 2011, 162 patients were enrolled. Their median age was 58 years. In this group, 109 were males and 53 were females, 74 were former or current smokers and 88 were non-smokers. A total of 122 patients had adenocarcinoma, 27 had squamous cell carcinoma, and 13 had tumors with other types of histology. And 139 patients had an Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1, while 23 scored at 2-3. Expression of IL-1, IL-2R, and IL-6 was not significantly associated with age, gender, ECOG performance status, smoking status, or histology and stage of tumor. Only TNF-α was associated with smoking status (P = 0.045). Survival analysis showed that patients with low levels of either IL-6 or TNF-α had a statistically longer TTP and OS than patients with high expression (P < 0.05). These cytokines remained significant upon multivariate analysis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIL-6 or TNF-α may serve as potential predictive biomarker for the efficacy of erlotinib.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; drug therapy ; Cytokines ; blood ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo develop an analytical method for simultaneously qualitative and quantitative determination of melamine and triazine-related by-products including ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid in milk and milk products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).

METHODSMelamine and triazine-related by-products namely ammelide, ammeline and cyanuric acid in the samples were extracted in a solvent mixture of diethylamine, water, and acetonitrile (10:40:50, V/V/V). After centrifugation, an aliquot of the supernatant was evaporated to dryness under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas, and then melamine and triazine-related by-products were derivatized using BSTFA with 1% TMCS. The derivatives of melamine and its analogues were determined by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reactional monitoring (MRM) with 2, 6-Diamino-4-chloropyrimidine (DACP) being used as an internal standard.

RESULTSThe linear detectable ranges were from 0.004 mg/kg to 1.6 mg/kg for melamine, ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid with a correlation coefficient no less than 0.999. The recovery rates of the four compounds in spiked blank milk powder at concentrations 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg were between 61.4%-117.2%, and the relative standard deviation was no more than 11.5% (n=6). The detection limits of melamine, ammelide, ammeline and cyanuric acid in milk powder were 0.002 mg/kg with a ratio of signal to noise of 3.

CONCLUSIONThis GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of melamine, ammelide, ammeline, and cyanuric acid in milk and milk products is sensitive and specific.

Animals ; Cattle ; Chromatography, Gas ; Flame Retardants ; analysis ; Food Contamination ; Milk ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Triazines ; chemistry

This study was purposed to investigate the effects of compound Zhe-Bei granule (CZBG) combined with doxorubicin on expressions of P-gp, MRP, LRP in K562/A02 cell xenografts. Tumor xenograft model were established by injecting the multidrug resistant cell line K562/A02 in the axillary flank of BALB/c-nu-nu mice. CZBG-intragastric administration and doxorubicin-intraperitoneal injection in combination were given to the BALB/c-nu nude mice. The tumor xenografts were made into slice after the dissection, and the expression of P-gp, MRP, LRP in K562/A02 tumor xenografts in mice were investigated by immunohistochemical technique. The integral optical density (IOD) of P-gp, MRP, LRP in K562/A02 tumor xenografts were measured by Image Pro Plus 6.0. The results showed that as compared with the doxorubicin alone, the combination of the doxorubicin and CZBG with high, middle and low dosage could decrease IOD of P-gp, MRP in K562/A02 tumor xenografts with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The LRP expression in K562/A02 tumor xenografts was not observed in five groups. It is concluded that the combination of CZBG with doxorubicin decreases the expressions of P-gp, MRP in K562/A02 tumor xenografts of mice.
Animals ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays