Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) is the leading cause of clinical chemotherapy failure and death.Researches show that the occurrence of MDR is related to P-glycoprotein,multidrug resistance-associated proteins,breast cancer resistance-associated proteins,lung resistance-related proteins and other factors.Now the reversal strategies of MDR include chemical drugs reversal,gene reversal,immune reversal,traditional Chinese medicine reversal and drug-loaded nano-system reversal,which make some progress and help to improve the effect of cancer chemotherapy.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a group of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine protein kinases, which togeth-er with protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) constitute a superfamily of serine/threonine protein kinase AGC. PKC includes classic PKC, novel PKC, atypical PKC and some members of kinase associated with PKC (PRK). PKC is wide-ly distributed in mammalian tissues and cells, which plays an important biological role in growth and metabolism, prolifera-tion and differentiation of cells. A series of studies have demonstrated that variations of multiple cells, occurrence and devel-opment of diseases are related to the abnormal expression of PKC. Therefore, designing and searching for efficient PKC inhib-itors have very important implications for synthesis of many kinds of effective drugs and treatment of a variety of clinical dis-eases including cancer, cardiovascular, and hypertension, et al. In recent years, the research on PKC inhibitors has become the focus of domestic and foreign research. A large number of literatures have reported many kinds of effective PKC inhibi-tors, and analyzed their function site, mechanism, clinical trial data and so on. The discovery of these PKC inhibitors has im-portant implications for structural analysis of PKC and the treatment of diseases. So in this paper, the efficient PKC inhibi-tors are summarized.

Objective To assess the intensity of the pain and its negative impact on patients with protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc (PLID) through using a case-control study. Methods 94 patients with PLID and 398 control individuals were enrolled in this study. The pains were assessed using McGill questionnaire. Results The sensory pain score(5.22?2.22), affective pain score (2.68?0.81)and VAS score (7.79?1.42)in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P

Objective To investigate women's psychological o utcome and its effect factors before and after hysterectomy. Methods In the clinical prospective study, 83 women were investigated for the ir psychiatric status with BDI, HAMD and SCL-90 questionnaires at the time of a dmission and 3 months after hysterectomy. Results The posto perative scales of BDI, HAMD, and SCL-90 were significantly lower than the preo perative ones. The morbidity of depression was decreased from 33.7% to 10.1%. Th e changes of SCL-90 were varied among different age groups. Before hysterectomy , HAMD scales were related negatively to women's educational level, but positiv ely to chief complaints. However, after hysterectomy, HAMD scales were related p ositively to parity, having other physical diseases, but negatively related to p atient's age. Conclusion Hysterectomy is beneficial to wom en's psychiatric and somatic health. Depression occurring before and after hyst erectomy is seen more often in women younger, having more parity, less-educate d, complaining of dysmenorrhea and/or menorrhagia and having other diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of radiotherapy on carotid plaque ulcer formation by using ultrasound imaging.Methods Totally 93 cases diagnosed with head and neck cancers which had complete carotid ultrasound data and other baseline data before and after radiotherapy (RT) were retrospectively enrolled.The total number of plaques,average intima-media thickness,maximum plaque area,total number of ulcer plaques,maximum ulcer plaque area and the maximum area of the ulcer pit were compared in RT side and non RT side before and after RT respectively.Results The average interval time was 6.1±1.9 years between twice RT.Before RT,there were no statistical differences between RT side and non-RT side in the total number of plaques,the average intima-media thickness,maximum plaque area,total number of ulcer plaques,maximum ulcer plaque area and maximum area of the ulcer pit.After RT,compared with those of non-RT side,there were more lesions of the total number of plaques,the thicker average intima-media thickness,the larger maximum plaque area,the more maximum number of ulcer plaques,the larger maximum ulcer plaque area and maximum area of the ulcer pit in RT side,which had statistical defference (all P＜0.05).Conclusion RT can lead to the formation and progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with head and neck cancers,and the plaque has a vulnerability characteristics.

Objective:To study the correlation of tumor-associated macrophages infiltration , MMP-2 expression and angiogenesis in colon carcinoma by testing the MMP-2 through immunological methods ,and counting of macrophages and distributing of vessels in colonic adenocarcinoma at different differential degrees .Methods: Analyze the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs),and count blood capillaries in 79 patients with colon carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining ,detect the expression of MMP-2 in macrophages by immunological methods .Analyze the relationship among numbers of macrophages and vessels , clinical pathology and expression of MMP-2.Results: Macrophages in colon carcinoma were labeled to brown yellow by murine monoclonal antibody to human.The number of macrophages was markedly higher than normal group (F=412.04,P<0.05); Variance of macrophages number had statistical significance in differentiatial degrees and Duck ′s staging of colon carcinoma ( t=10.80 and F=412.04,P<0.05);variance of microvessel density(MVD) had statistical significance in Duck′s staging of colon carcinoma(t=7.35, P<0.05 ) ,MVD in colon carcinoma patients with lymphatic metastasis was higher than patients without lymphatic metastasis ( t=6.77 , P<0.05).Expression of MMP-2 in colon carcinoma showed strong positive.Expression of MMP-2 in patients with lymphatic metastasis was higher than patients without lymphatic metastasis ( t=10.91 , P<0.05 ) . There was a positive relationship among MMP-2 expression,number of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and MVD(r=0.451,0.672,P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion:MMP-2 and TAMs correlated closely with the development of colon carcinoma .TAMs in colon carcinoma can promote the angiogenesis ,growth and metastasis of the tumor by up-regulating the expression of MMP-2.

0.05].Conclusion To the middle-and old-aged GI cancer patients without organ dysfunction,lowering blood transfusion trigger from Hb 100 g/L to Hb 80 g/L during operation can meet the requirement of oxygen,reduce blood transfusion,and do not increase the rates of wound infection or delay wound healing.

Objective To study the effect of the mouse angiostatin cDNA gene transfecting into human liver cancer cell line HCC7721 on cell growth, cell cycle phase distribution, cell morphology in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo , and the mechanisms. Methods The gene fragment of mouse angiostatin cDNA was directly cloned into an eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) of the promoter CMV between the multicloning sites HindⅢ and XbaⅠ and confirmed the correct recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) angio through enzymatic digestion and gene sequencing. Then it was transfected into human liver cancer cell line HCC7721 with liposome, pcDNA3.1(+) as vecter control and liposome as mock control. After 30 day selection by neomycin G418, angiostatin expression at the levels of mRNA and protein in vitro were tested by RNA dot blot and FACS respectively. Cell morphology under was observed light microscope, made growth curves were made, and cell cycle distribution checked in FACS. Animal model was set up to study tumorigenesis in vivo of those cells transplanted subcutaneously in the right hind legs of nude mice BALBc. Microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed and angiostatin expression in the tumor tissues by in situ immunohistochemistry. Results The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) angio was constructed Auccessfully. After selection of G418 for about 4 weeks there were macroscopic cell clones in the experimental group and vector control group, but no survival cells in the mock control. In vitro angiostatin were expressed in the experimental group, but not in the vector control. There weren't significant changes in cell morphology, cell growth curves and cell cycle distribution between the experimental and the control group. However, the nude mice experiment showed that tumorigenic capability of the experimental cells had been reduced greatly. Immunochemistry study showed that there were much less microvessels and conversely stronger angiostatin positive staining in the tumor tissues than in the control group. Conclusions Mouse angiostatin has no direct inhibition on human liver cancer cell line HCC7721 in vitro , but it inhibits effectively the tumorigenesis of HCC7721 in vivo , which is probably due to its inhibition on tumor angiogenesis in a paracrine path way.

A fructosamine (DMF) method for the estimation of Serum glycosylated LDL (GLDL) is reported. The glycosylated rate of LDL (K value) is equal to GLDL/LDL. It is concluded that fructosamine method for the estimation of GLDL and K value is more convenient, fast, and has a high specificity, and is not interfered by glutathione, other reducing substances with low melecular weight, and the variation of serum proteins. GLDL and K value are thus suggested to be a better indicator for the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment in diabetes mellitus than the glycosylated serum total proteins.

Objective:To explore the effect of autoimmune regulator to TLRs expressions on peripheral antigen presenting cells(APC).Methods:①pEGFPC3-AIRE plasmid was transfected with liposome.②Confocal microscopy was used to observe the effect of transfection.③RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expressions of AIRE and TLR1-9 in RAW264.7cells at 36,48,72,96 h after transfection.Results:①The plasmid was transfected into RAW264.7 cells successfully,and the efficiency of transfection was 60~70%.②AIRE transfected RAW264.7 cells were achieved,and the best time was 72 h.③At 72 h after transfection,the expressions of TLR1,4,5,9 increased,and TLR3,7,8 reduced.The expression of TLR2,6 increased at 96 h.Conclusion:AIRE may regulate the immune response by control TLR expression in APC.It maintain the effective response to pathogen and tolerance state to self tissues through the effects to different TLRs.