Objective To explore the preliminary practice of Clinical Scenario Mode in the teaching of surgery. Methods Clinical Scenario Mode was stimulated or rebuilt by the cooperation of teachers and Standardized Patients (SP) to introduce relative theories and raise discussions in the surgery lectures of five-year clinical medicine students in grade 2004 and grade 2005. Results Lectures with the application of Clinical Scenario Mode were reported positively by students from the survey. It improved students’learning motivation,enhanced teaching quality,and optimized the allocation of resources. Discussion With the combination of the advantages of lecture based learning (LBL) and problem based learning (PBL),Clinical Scenario Mode can be considered as the linkage to the widespread use of PBL,and should be widely applied in the medical teaching practice.

Objective: A reversed phase HPLC method was described for determination of prim O glucosylcimifugin and 4′ O ? D glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol in Ganmaoqingre Granules. Methods:The sample was separated on ODS column with mobile phase of methanol 40 mmol?L -1 sodium acetate pH 6.9 (35∶65) for prim O glucosylcimifugin and H 2O methanol THF(62∶38∶1) for 4′ O ? glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol. The flow rate was 0.8 mL?min -1 , and the detection was set at 254 nm. Results: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.72 ?g?mL -1 ～6.5?g?mL -1 for prim O glucosylcimifugin and 0.92?g?mL -1 ～16.5?g?mL -1 for 4′ O ? D glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol( r =0.9999). The average recovery was 100.3% and 94.7%. The content of prim O glucosylcimifugin and 4′ O ? D glucosyl 5 O methylvisamminol in Ganmaoqingre Granules was 0.133 mg?g -1 and 0.167 mg?g -1 , respectively. Conclusion: The method is fast and specific for both constitutents of Ganmaoqingre Granules.

Objective To investigate the factors related to anxiety in families of patients in cardiac care unit(CCU).Methods The family members of 50 CCU patients had been given questionnaires to evaluate their anxiety and correlative factors.Results The factors related to anxiety of families of CCU patients were the environment of emergency department,the disease knowledge and so on.Conclusion Reducing the anxious level of patients' families by proper nursing interventions can be helpful to family members' physical and mental health.

Humans ; Interleukin-13 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of belief in a just world and self-esteem on relationship between childhood abuse and subjective well-being in college students.Methods:Totally 929 college students[314 males and 615 females,aged 17 to 25 year,mean age (20 ± 3) year] from 4 universities of Harbin were assessed.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) was used to assess childhood abuse,the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Affect Balance Scale (ABS) was used to assess subjective well-being,the Believe in a Just World Scale (BJW) was used to assess belief in a just word,and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) was used to assess self-esteem.The Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect of belief in a just world and self-esteem on relationship between childhood abuse and subjective well-being.Results:General belief in a just world,personal belief in a just world,self-esteem played an independent mediating effect respectively between childhood abuse and life satisfaction.The confidence interval from Bootstrap output were 95％ (-0.026--0.001),95％ (-0.141--0.058) and 95％ (-0.235--0.122).Personal belief in a just world and general belief in a just world played chain mediating effect between childhood abuse and life satisfaction (-0.059--0.004).Self-esteem played an independent mediating effect between childhood abuse and emotional balance (-0.308--0.181).Personal belief in a just world and general belief in a just world played chain mediating effect between childhood abuse and emotional balance (-0.046--0.001).Conclusion:Childhood abuse and subjective well-being of individuals,belief in a just world and self-esteem are related.Belief in a just world and self-esteem play mediating effect between childhood abuse and subjective well-being.

Objective The incidence of laryngeal cancer has characteristic of regional differences, but the etiology is not clear. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between RECK gene promoter methylation and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carci-noma patients through detecting the RECK gene methylation status of primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent tissues . Methods Methylation specific PCR assay was used to detect the RECK gene promoter methylation status of 70 laryngeal squamous cell carci-noma specimens in our hospital from July 2006 to Dcember 2007, and the differences of methylation status with different pathological parame-ters were compared.The correlation between RECK gene promoter methylation and prognosis of 64 patients completed five-year follow-up was analyzed. Results The RECK gene methylation rate (86.67%) of patients with poor differentiation in tumor cells was much higher than that of the patients with a moderate and better tumor cell differentiation (43.64%) (P<0.05).In 29 pairs of laryngeal cancer-adjacent tis-sues specimens matches, the RECK gene methylation in laryngeal carcinoma (55.12%) was higher than normal tissues (27.59%) ( P=0.029).RECK gene methylation significantly shortened the tumor free survival and overall survival analyzed by Log-rank (P=0.024, P=0.017).Lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in classⅢ-Ⅳsignificantly shortened the tumor free survival and overall survival (P=0.029, P=0.024;P=0.033, P=0.032).Moderate and better tumor cell differentiation significantly shortened the tumor free survival (P=0.024, P=0.049).Lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and RECK gene methylation were independent risk factors of overall survival. Conclusion RECK gene promoter methylation in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is an early event and may occur in the adjacent normal tissues, predicting a poor prognosis in patients.

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fructose ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) on autophagy and apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma, and to investigate the influence on the growth and sensitivity to cisplatin on the ovarian cancer cells.Methods The human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 were treated by the GRP78 regulator BAPTA-AM and A23187, which were used to decrease or increase the expression levels of GRP78, respectively.The experiment were divided into three groups.Cells in the group of BAPTA-AM were treated by BAPTA-AM at the final concerntration of 40 μ mol/L for 1 hour.Cells in the group of A23187 were treated by A23187 at the final concerntration of 4 μmol/L for 24 hours.While, cells in the control group were treated by culture medium without any GRP78 regulator for 24 hours.The expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot.The autophagy levels was observed by green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ (GFP-LC3-Ⅱ) fluorescence staining.The flow cytometry was used to analyse the apoptosis rates of cells.The effect on cell growth and the sensitivity to cisplatin of SKOV3 were accessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).Results (1)The mRNA expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of BAPTA-AM were 0.583±0.025, 0.860± 0.055, 0.714±0.032 and 0.811±0.004, respectively.The mRNA expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of A23187 were 0.840± 0.044, 0.654 ± 0.065, 0.908 ± 0.047 and 0.620 ± 0.062, respectively.The mRNA expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the control group were 0.687± 0.032, 0.772 ±0.029, 0.845 ±0.018, 0.712 ± 0.077, respectively.While the protein expressions of GRP78, beclin 1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of BAPTA-AM were 0.423±0.035, 0.952±0.022, 0.385±0.032, 0.681± 0.095, respectively.The protein expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the group of A23187 were 0.743 ±0.032, 0.638±0.025, 0.596±0.029, 0.431 ±0.095, respectively.The protein expressions of GRP78, beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP in the control group were 0.617±0.031, 0.789±0.083, 0.492±0.036, 0.531 ± 0.003, respectively.The mRNA and protein expressions of beclin and CHOP in the group of BAPTA-AM were both higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).While, the mRNA and protein expressions of beclin and CHOP in the group of A23187 were both lower than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05).(2) The autophagy fluorescence of SKOV3 in the group of BAPTA-AM, A23187 and the control group were 706±117, 473±128, 595± 126, respectively, in which there were significant differences among three groups (P＜0.05).(3) The apoptosis rate of SKOV3 in the group of BAPTA-AM was (27.4±2.2)％, which was higher than that in the control group [(19.6± 1.4)％, P＜0.05].The apoptosis rate of SKOV3 in the group of A23187 was (12.2± 1.9)％, which was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).(4) The comparison of the sensitivity to cisplatin in 3 groups of SKOV3.The 50％ inhibition concentration (IC50) of SKOV3 to cisplatin was (3.02±0.62) mg/L.After treated by BAPTA-AM + cisplatin, the IC50 was (2.00±0.17) mg/L and the sensitivity of SKOV3 to cisplatin was increased by 33.8％, and there was significant difference (P＜0.05), compared with the control group.And after treated by A23187 + cisplatin, the IC50 was (4.91±2.52) mg/L and the sensitivity of SKOV3 to cisplatin was decreasd by 62.6％;and there was significant difference (P＜0.05), compared with the control group.Conclusion GRP78 could regulate autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells by regulating the expressions of beclin1, Bcl-2 and CHOP, thereby affecting the sensitivity to cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma, which may be a new method for the treatment and improvement of the sensitivity to cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma.

To investigate the effect of prostaglandin E_1 (PGE_1) on the liver function following laparotomy, 55 adult patients with normal liver function, undergoing elective laparotomy for gastric cancer under total intravenous anesthesia ,were randomly allocated to receiving intravenous infusion of PGE_1 at rate of 20 to 60ng?kg~(-1). min~(-1)(group PGE_(1,n)=27), or normal saline (group control, n=28 )from the opening of abdomen to the end of operation,respectively. The serum concentrations of glutamin-pyruvic transaminase (GPT)and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)were measured postoperatively. The results showed that as compared with the values before the operation,the levels of GPT and GOT increased significantly in both groups on the first postoperative day (P

The acquisition of life skills is helpful to improve the development of adaptive behavior of people with mental retardation,and adolescence is crucial period for systemic life skills training.Life skills training mainly contains 3 domains:independent living,seeking and maintaining employment,communication and participation,intends improving daily living skills,personal and social skills,work skills,interactive communication skills,as well as social participation skills of adolescent with mental retardation.To ensure the effectiveness of training,it should follow the standard training procedures,select appropriate instructional strategy and training situations.