Objective To explore the pathological changes of the middle-small arteries and veins of uremic patients in early stage.Methods Forty patients with chronic kidney disease at Ⅴ stage were randomly subjected in our study.Radial artery and cephalic vein about 0.5 to 1 cm in length were obtained by arteriovenous fistula operations.Cephalic veins from 4 trauma patients were taken as control group.Immunohistochemisty with anti-?-SMA(smooth muscle actin-alpha),BMP-2(bone morphology protein-2) and BMP-7(bone morphology protein-7) antibodies,alizarin Bordeaux staining,HE staining and Masson trichrome staining were carried out to investigate calcification and fibrosis.Results Compared with control group,the expressions of ?-SMA and BMP-2 were up-regulated obviously.Masson trichrome staining indicated fibrosis in the vein from uremic patients.Conclusion Fibrosis may be one of the early pathologic changes in the vein from uremic patients,suggesting the venous alterations may be related to cardiovascular disease of uremic patients.

It is a difficult problem of forensic medicine to accurately estimate the post-mortem interval. Entomological approach has been regarded as an effective way to estimate the post-mortem interval. The developmental biology of carrion-breeding flies has an important position at the post-mortem inter-val estimation. Phorid flies are tiny and occur as the main or even the only insect evidence in relatively enclosed environments. This paper reviews the research progress of carrion-breeding phorid flies for esti-mating post-mortem interval in forensic medicine which includes their roles, species identification and age determination of immatures.

Rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) technology of interventional pulmonology includes“cytological ROSE”(C-ROSE) and“microbiological ROSE”(M-ROSE). Recently, this“ROSE”has gradually become one of core technologies in modern interventional pulmonology. In this commentary, perspectives on origin and development, classification and clini-cal value, operational approach, clinical application, and how to carry out effective work related to ROSE were summarized and remarked.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER), as a newly discovered estrogen membrane protein-coupled receptor, has attracted much attention in endocrine metabolism research in recent years.Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and imbalance of inflammatory response mediated by GPER is one of the pathogenesis mechanisms of various endocrine and metabolic diseases.GPER is expected to become a new drug target for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes.This article briefly reviews the progress of GPER-mediated estrogen signaling pathway in terms of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and inflammation.

Objective To observe the developmental changes of projection and termination of proprioceptive afferent fibers in the mouse spinal cord. Methods Parvalbumin (PV) immunohistochemistry was used to label the proprioceptive afferents. Single and dual immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to examine the growth pattern of proprioceptive afferents and their relationships with motoneurons in the spinal ventral horn (VH). The stained sections were observed under a confocal laserscanning microscope. Results PV-like immunoreactive (LI) proprioceptive fibers first appeared in the dorsal column on embryonic (E) day 14, then entered the gray matter on El5 and reached the intermediate gray matter and VH more obviously on E16. The number and intensity of PV-LI proprioceptive afferent fibers and punctata increased in the VH with age and reached a maximum during earlier postnatal (P) period (P0-P7). After P14, the number and intensity of proprioceptive afferents gradually decreased. The proprioceptive terminals seemed to form close relationship with motoneurons from E17. Conclusion The present study indicates that the somatotopic organization of proprioceptive afferents in the spinal cord is established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages. These results provide evidence for understanding the development of the reflex movements.

The present study was designed to examine the developmental changes in projection and termination of nociceptive and proprioceptive afferent fibers in the spinal cord by labeling those two fibers with calcitonion gene-related peptide (CGRP) and parvalbumin (PV)separately in mouse embryos and neonatal pups aged embryonic day 15 to posanatal day 3 (E15 -P3). CGRP-like immunoreactive (LI)nociceptive fibers first appeared in the superficial dorsal horn (DH) at E16. The afferent projections extended laterally to the DH and entered into the deep portions of the DH at E17 and E18. After birth, the projection pattern of CGRP-LI fibers remained unchanged but the intensity of afferent terminals increased in the superficial laminae and their branching patterns became more complicated. In addition,CGRP-LI collaterals that projected into the contralateral DH were also examined after E16. Around birth, the contralateral projections were also found originated from the lateral part of the DH. PV-LI proprioceptive afferents were first observed entering the gray matter at E15 and reached the intermediate gray matter (IG) and the ventral horn (VH) more obviously on E16. The number and intensity of PV-LI fibers increased in the the VH with age and reached a maximum during earlier postnatal period ( P0-P3 ). The proprioceptive terminals seemed to form close relationship with motoneurons in the VH from E17. Our results indicate that the somatotopic organization of nociceptive and proprioceptive afferents in the spinal cord both are established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages. These results help to understand the development of the sensory transmission in more details.

Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Indium ; toxicity ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Dental Implants ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Osteogenesis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; X-Ray Microtomography

Object To study the "floating sugar" mechanism in the root of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. Methods The important influent factors were analyzed by orthogonal test. Results The primary and secondary orders of influent factors were surrounding temperature, relative humidity, raw drug moisture. The best preservative condition: surrounding temperature is 25 ℃, relative humidity 60% and drugs moisture 11%. Conclusion Raw drugs can be stored safely when surrounding temperature is below 35 ℃, relative humidity below 70%, raw drug moisture between 9% and 13%.

AIM: To investigate a new method for identification of traditional Chinese medicine injection by FTIR. METHODS: For the steadiness of spectra, the factors of effecting spectrum's information quality were all investigated scientifically over the experiment procedures and instrumental setting, such as the preparation of samples, resolution ratio, scanning times, repeating scanning times, etc. The traditional Chinese medicine injections were used as the analytical samples such as Radix Isatidis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Flos Carthami, Radix Astragali and Herba Houttuyniae. RESULTS: Although all these original spectrums were similar at a certain degree, the FTIR combined with computer aided analysis, such as the cluster analysis and derivative spectrometry comparability calculation could be used to identify these injections. CONCLUSION: The method of identification by FTIR is non destructive testing, cheap, clean, fast, simple and convenient. The result indicates this method is suitable for establishing identification database of traditional Chinese medicine injections.