BACKGROUND: Metal ions released from the corrosion process of metal materials used in prosthodontics are directly related to the material biocompatibility, and decide the clinical application value and prospect in the clinical practice.OBJECTIVE: To review the metal ions released from the prosthodontic materials in the oral cavity and their biological effects.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: Using the terms" biocompatibility, dental alloys", we retrieved PubMed data to identify studies published between January 1997 and October 2006 in the English language. A total of 67 manuscripts were researched. Inclusive criteria: mental materials used in prosthodontics. Exclusive criteria: reparative studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: The included 67 manuscripts were all from PubMed database. After screening, 23 manuscripts were selected, among which, 20 were about original articles, and the maintaining 3 were review.DATA SYNTHESIS: At present, the research of the biological effects of metal ions released from prosthodontic materials focused on the following three areas:① The corrosion process of prosthodontic metal and the release of metal ions in the oral cavity: Two or even more kinds of metal restorations coexist in one man's oral cavity. Different metal components posed by the potential difference between the original battery will strengthen electrochemical corrosion role. This effect will accelerate the corrosion process and metal ion release, and may have a negative impact on the biocompatibility of prosthodontic materials, but the mechanism of this influence remains unclear. ②The local toxicity of the mental ions released from prosthodontic metal materials used commonly: These ions more or less have the risk of potential toxicity, but at the molecular biological level the mechanism of the adverse reaction in oral tissues acquires to be further explored. ③The hypersensitivity reaction induced by the metal ions released from prosthodontic metal materials: The ions could have an impact on the expression level of Th1 cytokines during the process of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The future research will focus on the mechanism and the establishment of immunohistochemical detection standards of biocompatibility of these prosthodontic metal materials.CONCLUSION: The metal ions released from prosthodontic materials used commonly have certain cytotoxicity, which can inhibit cell proliferation and cause mucosal diseases, oral contact gingivitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity, but at the molecular biological level the mechanism of these adverse reactions acquires to be further explored.

Background It is widely appreciated that many animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after swell under the hypotonic environment,which involved in some processes of cellular physiology.But the RVD of lens epithelial cells(LECs) still is being further researched.Objective Present study was to clarify the possible mechanisms and influencing factors in the RVD of LECs.Methods Human LECs line (HLE B-3)were cultured and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS),and before volume measurement,cells were stuck to the base of a perfusion chamber,Ringer solution osmolality was decreased from 15％Hypo to 45％ Hypo,and the cells stimulated by 45％ Hypo Ringer solution were used as the control group.Some experiments were performed in the presence of high extracellular K+ concentration,chloride or potassium channel inhibitor,experiments were also carried out in the nominal absence of Ca2+,Cl-or HCO-3 to test the effect of a decrease in intracellular concentration of these ions on the cell volume response.The volume changes of living cells were measured by lag-time microphotograph acquisition and analysis system (IPP6.0).Results Time course of cell volume change after hypotonic shock in HLE B-3 cells was observed.The cell swelling was followed by a gradual volume recovery,indicating the presence of RVD was influenced by the hypotonic stress.Under the stimulation of 45 ％Hypo Ringer solution,the rates of RVD were (59.1 ±7.8)％.RVD was correlated positively to the maximum cell volume (r =0.99,P＜0.05)in S shape,and RVD changes were sensitive to alter maximum cell volume in the range of 115％-135％.RVD reduced to (16.5 ± 1.6) ％,(14.7 ± 2.3) ％,respectively after acted by potassium channel inhibitor,TEA(10 mmol/L)and BaCl2(5 mmol/L)as well as chloride channel inhibitor,NPPB(100 μmol/L)and DIDS(100 μmol/L),with significant differences in comparison with the control group(all P＜0.01).RVD decreased by(5.8±1.6)％ and(2.7±0.8)％ in high concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid and the absence of Cl-(P＜0.01).RVD was significantly inhibited under the absence of Ca2+.When the 45％ Ringer solution was pH6.8,the process of RVD delayed.The rate of RVD in the first ten minutes was (0.86±0.24)％/min,showing a significant decline in comparison with (3.24±0.84) ％ / min of pH 7.4 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HLE B-3 have RVD ability under the hypotonic stress stimulation.A certain intracellular Ca2+ concentration is the premise of RVD activation,and Cl efflux and K+ efflux are the key mechanism of RVD of HLE B-3.Acidic environment of hypotonic solution delays the occurrence of RVD.

Objective To explore the value of neutrophils gelatinases related lipid a carrier protein (NGAL),renal injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and serum creatinine (SCr) for early diagnosis in adult cardiac surgery after acute renal injury (AKI).Methods Blood and urine samples of 65 cardiac surgery patients before and 24,48,72 h after surgery were collected,SCr,urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels was detected,among whom AKI occurred in 34 cases(AKI group),did not occur in 31 cases (non AKI group),and they were compared with 20 cases of healthy physical examination (control group).Logistic regression model was used to judge the value of early diagnosis of SCr,urine NGAL and KIM-1.Results The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery was 52.31％ (34/65).The SCr,urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels in AKI group and non AKI group before and 24,48,72 h after surgery were significantly higher than those in control group [SCr:(62.44 ±22.26),(77.38 ±24.38),(98.24 ±25.02),(98.14 ±45.26)μmol/L and (56.67 ±21.68),(59.25 ± 15.58),(55.40 ±22.91),(40.10 ±23.45)μmol/L vs.(16.43 ±5.01)μmol/L;urine NGAL:(4.81 ±0.65),(9.48 ±3.29),(11.87 ±3.93),(7.66 ± 1.52) μg/L and (4.67 ±0.53),(8.89 ± 2.64),(11.46 ± 3.60),(7.47 ± 1.63)μg/L vs.(2.87 ± 0.48) μg/L; KIM-1:(47.93 ± 5.54),(61.89 ± 12.44),(100.21 ± 27.32),(67.69 ± 8.72) μ g/L and (47.12 ± 4.08),(56.38 ± 9.27),(90.14 ± 27.26),(69.40 ±8.90) μ g/L vs.(32.21 ± 12.54)μ g/L] (P ＜ 0.01).Urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels in AKI group and non AKI group 24,48,72 h after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (P＜ 0.01).SCr,urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels in AKI group 24 h after surgery were significantly higher than those in non AKI group (P＜ 0.01).Twenty-four hours after surgery,the sensitivity and specificity of urine NGAL,KIM-1 in the diagnosis of AKI,compared with that of SCr had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The adults who accept extracorporeal circulation cardiac surgery appear high incidence of AKI.Twenty-four hours after surgery,early biological markers-urine AKI,KIM-1,has similar sensitivity and specificity with traditional diagnostic gold standard of SCr.

Objective The purpose is to report the clinical result of repairing defection in hand surgery by using both the vascular tissue flap and external fixators. Methods The vascular tissue flap including bone flap and joint flap to repair the complex defection (soft tissue, bones and joints) in hand and forearm were applied in 9 cases. At the same time in surgery,injured bones and joints were fixed by A-O and mini external fixators in order to keep the non-injured joint actively and accelerate the cure of bones. Result All 9 cases were applied successfully with the all transplanted tissue survived. Pulling about the external fixator about 10- 12 weeks after surgery showed bone union and the f unction of hand recovered satisfactorily' Conclusion it is a reliable method for repairing the complex tissue defection in hand and forearm by combining external fixation of traumarology and microsugery technique. And it is also characterized by a minor injury in transplanted bones,early exercise for joints,flap circulation observed conveniently,and nursing easily.

Objective To investigate the effect of end to side arterial anastomosis in the transplantations of free tissue flap Methods The end to side arterial anastomosis were used in 47 free flaps of 46 cases in this series The arterial stomas were respectively prepared into the cross section (13/47),the inclined plane angled at 45 degree (26/47) and fish mouth shaped plane (8/47) The interrupture anastomosis and continuous anastomosis following two fixed point sutures,and the continuous anastomosis following four fixed point sutures were respectively used in 28,10 and 9 arterial anastomotic stomas Results There were not postoperative embolism in all end to side anastomotic stomas in this series During the operations the embolisms of the cutaneous branch caused by a detached mini thrombus from the anastomotic stomas were occurred in 2 cases,and the arterial crisis were eliminated by reversely milking out the detached mini thrombus All flaps survived except one due to venous embolism Conclusions It is a effective and safe method that the end to side arterial anastomosis are used in the transplantation of free flap

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial contamination of office telephones and computers in an infectious disease hospital to provide evidence for their disinfection.METHODS A total of 206 bacterial samples were collected from 73 telephones and 30 computers in offices in our hospital to determine the bacterial contamination of these office tools.RESULTS The contamination rate was 100% and sanitary qualification rate 32.5%.The highest bacterial colony count was 46 CFU/cm2 and the lowest one 2 CFU/cm2,The sanitary qulification rate of the telephones and computers in clean region was only 30.95%.CONCLUSIONS There was severe bacterial contamination in office telephones and computers,which should be paid close attention to.

Objective To investigate the effects of substance P (SP) on the expression of apoptosis-associated genes in fibroblasts derived from pathological scars. Methods Fibroblasts derived from keloid, hypertrophic scar and normal skin were cultured separately in media containing SP and SP receptor antagonist. PCNA, bcl-2 and bax protein in fibroblasts were assessed by means of immunohistochemistry. Results SP enhanced PCNA and bcl-2 expression in all three kinds of fibroblasts, whereas, bax expression was inhibited significantly. SP inhibited the expression of bax in keloid scar fibroblasts (KSFB) more remarkably than that in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFB) or normal fibroblasts (NFB), and the effect was stronger on HSFB than on NFB. SP receptor antagonist could inhibit those effects of SP totally or partially. Conclusion SP may play an important role in the formation of pathological scars by modulating the expression of apoptosis-associated genes, which is mediated by SP receptor.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Qingyang tea bag and establish the standard of quality control.METHODS:The Flos Lonicera and Radix Glycyrrhize were identified by TLC.The content of chlorogenic acid,the main active component in the tea derived from Flos Lonicera,was determined by TLCs.RESULTS:Linearity was found in the range from1.2?g～4.8?g of chlorogenic acid,r=0.9993;the average recovery was99.50%and RSD=2.39%.CONCLUSION:The method was found to be simple,precise and may be used for the quality control of the preparation.

0.05) . The success rate of insertion at first attempt was similar (95%) in both groups. PLMA was placed in the correct position in 87.5% of the patients. The changes in BP and HR and the extubation or PLMA removal response were less in the PLMA group. Significantly less patients in PLMA group complained about sore throat after operation (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of the high concentration of sevoflurane wash-in in induction of anesthesia on the cardiac function in young infants.Methods ASA Ⅰ young infants,aged 28-60 days,undergoing resection of hemangioma on body surface under general anesthesia,were studied.According to the principle of randomized block design,8 blocks were designed based on the body weight (3.0-3.4 kg,3.5-3.9 g,4.0-4.4 kg,4.5-4.9 kg,5.0-5.4 kg,5.5-5.9 kg,6.0-6.4 kg,6.5-6.9 kg),with 3 infants in each block.The infants were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each):anesthesia induction with 6％,7％ and 8％ sevoflurane groups (groups S1-3).In groups S1-3,the infants inhaled 6 ％,7 ％ and 8 ％ sevoflurane respectively for induction of anesthesia.Transthoracic echocardiographic examinations were performed before sevoflurane inhalation (baseline,T1) and at 4 min of sevoflurane inhalation (T2) to record the stroke volume (SV),left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),ejection fraction (EF),stroke volume index (SI),heart rate (HR),cardiac output (CO),cardiac index (CI),peak early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus (Ea),peak late diastolic velocity of mitral annulus (Aa),peak systolic velocity of mitral annulus (Sa),and Tei index.The mitral annulus poteroseptal Ea/Aa (Ea/Aa) was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value,SV,EF,SI,Ea/Aa and Tei index were significandy increased,HR,Sa,Ea and Aa were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in LVEDV,CO and CI at 4 min of sevoflurane inhalation in groups S1-3 (P ＞ 0.05).Tei index was significantly higher in groups S2.3 than in group S1 (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters of cardiac function between group S2 and group S3 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion 6 ％,7 ％ and 8 ％ sevoflurane wash-in in induction of anesthesia exert no effect on the cardiac function in young infants,and the 3 concentrations can be recommended for clinical use.