To investigate the application of the teaching model of disease-based PBL combined with the interest group in clinical ophthalmology teaching. A clinical ophthalmology interest group was set up among interns and a PBL teaching with the theme of a single disease was carried out. The students demonstrated group presentation and discussion, and finally the teacher made comments in combination with clinical experience. The results shows that students' feedback was good. It has mobilized students' enthusiasm and initiative and can be used as a transition for carrying out PBL teaching complement to the traditional teaching model and be applied to the clinical ophthalmology teaching.

World Health Organization aims to develop safe, effective and practical traditional medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other complementary and alternative medicine are being recognized in the whole world nowadays. However, the definite effect of Chinese medicine is still in need of scientific research proof. Placebo control is of equal importance to active control and blank control in clinical trial of TCM. This article briefly reviewed the importance of placebo control and commented on its present situation in clinical trial of TCM. This article also brought up the preliminary proposals of placebo application in TCM clinical trial. We should emphasize scientific placebo preparation and good design of placebo-controlled trial, which are directed by International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. A good clinical trial project will avoid unnecessary wastes and provide safe and effective treatment for people.

Objective To observe the effect of Da Jianzhong Decoction on cerebral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(CaMKⅡ) mRNA in spleen-yang deficiency pain rats, so as to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Da Jianzhong Decoction for spleen-yang deficiency pain. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, and high-and low-dose Da Jianzhong Decoction groups(3, 0.75 g·kg-1·d-1), 10 in each group. Spleen deficiency rat model was established by comprehensive modeling methods. After the rats in various groups were given gastric administration of Chinese medicine for 15 continuous days, rat cervical dislocation was performed for the sampling of the brain tissue. The expression levels of COX-2 mRNA and CaMKⅡmRNA in brain tissue were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The COX-2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the normal group, mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2 in rat brain tissue of spleen-yang deficiency model group were increased(P﹤0.01), and CaMKⅡ mRNA expression was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, COX-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased(P<0.01) and CaMKⅡexpression was increased(P<0.01) in high-and low-dose Da Jianzhong Decoction groups(P<0.01). Conclusion Da Jianzhong Decoction can suppress cerebral COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, and up-regulate CaMKⅡmRNA expression, which probably contribute to its therapeutic mechanism for relieving the pain.

Objective To investigate the changes of inflammatory factors in mice infected with Vibrio alginolyticus .Methods Established a V .alginolyticus ATCC17749 T‐infected mouse model through intraperitoneal injection ,then performed the median le‐thal dose experiment ,the detection of hematological and liver function indicators ,histopathologic evaluation and inflammatory cyto‐kine detection .Results The median lethal dose of V .alginolyticus ATCC17749T was 1 × 109 CFU by intraperitoneal injection .The dose of 1 × 109 CFU per mouse was adopted in the following study .WBC and platelet numbers significantly decreased after infection (P<0 .05) ,RBC number and hemoglobin content significantly increased(P<0 .05) and ALT ,AST significantly increased after V . alginolyticus infection(P<0 .05);light microscopy observation revealed that ,hepatic cell and pulmonary tissue suffered serious inju‐ry after infection.Through the detection of antibody array ,the levels of 20 inflammatory factors were found changed significantly . 8 of them including KC ,IL‐6 ,RNATES ,IL‐12 ,Eotaxin ,G‐CSF ,MIP‐1a ,Mig ,the expression of which increased more than 10 times .Conclusion The inflammatory factors analysed in the paper provide a theoretical basis for the study of the inflammatory mechanism of Vibrio alginolyticus infection .

Objective To investigate the effects of 2-(3carboxy-1-oxoprogy1)amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose(COPADG) on the proliferation and cell cycle of human esophageal cancer cells Eca-109 and TE-1.Methods In vitro experiments,MTT colorimetric assay was performed to determine the growth inhibitory rates of Eca-109 and TE-1 cells treated by COPADG.Flow cytometry was applied to observe the change of cell proliferation cycle and apoptosis index.Cell morphological change was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results COPADG inhibited effectively the growth of esophageal cancer cells Eca-109 and TE-1 in a time-and dose-dependent manner(P

This article discusses the variation process of the sense of justice in western and traditional Chinese society,and its effect on regulatory ethics.Western regulatory ethics takes "making use of evil to restrain evil" as its regulatory principle,whose purpose is "to increase goodness by evil",while Chinese regulatory ethics employs "taking goodness in restraining evil" as its regulatory principle.The Chinese regulatory ethics puts morality in the first place,using morality to replace regulatory systems.The distinctions of cultures and the sense of justice between western and Chinese societies cause the different viewpoints in relevant systems and regulations.

Objective To express M cell-targeted fusion peptide SAM-GFP in prokaryotic cells, purify it and identify its targeting properties, so as to lay a foundation for the research of M cell-targeted oral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori.Methods The GFP gene was synthesized by PCR-based accurate synthesis(PAS) and cloned into the vector pCzn1-SAM to construct the recombinant plasmid pCzn1-SAM-GFP. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent E.coli Arctic Express, induced by IPTG, and then purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The obtained fusion protein SAM-GFP was identified by 12% SDS-PAGE, Western blot and fluorescence microscopy. The M-cell targeting properties of SAM-GFP fusion protein was verified by immunofluorescence staining using mouse ileal loop model.Results The recombinant plasmid pCzn1-SAM-GFP was constructed correctly as identified by double digestion and sequencing. The fusion protein SAM-GFP had a relative molecular mass of about 54 900, and was mainly expressed in soluble form with a purity of 94. 5% after purification. It showed specific binding to anti-6 × His/GFP monoclonal antibody, and green fluorescence was observed under fluorescence microscope. SAM-GFP could be specifically uptaken by small intestinal M cells. Conclusion The fusion protein SAMGFP with M-cell targeted function was successfully expressed and purified, which lays a foundation for the subsequent research and development of oral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori.

Heritable changes in gene expression are regarded as epigenetics,which do not involve coding sequence modifications.The study of ophthalmology epigenetics is a rapidly growing area in biomedical research.Epigenetic mechanisms principally include DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNA.Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modification are linked to a number of age-related disorders,such as cancer,autoimmune and others.In recent years,the modulations of epigenetic changes on the pathogenesis of eye disorders and their roles in therapeutic interventions are drawing more and more attention,and these studies deepen the understanding of relevant diseases.Since the epigenetic alterations are reversible,modifying epigenetic marks contributing to eye diseases provide a new approach to the development of disease prevention,diagnosis and therapies.Herein we discuss the roles of epigenetic changes in eye disease development,hoping that ophthalmologists and researchers pay attention to these researching cues in pathogenesis of eye disorders caused by genetic expression alterations in response to environmental changes,importantly,to the implication for relevant eye disease therapy and prevention.

Objective:To investigate the influence of positive emotion induced by audio sensory on cognitive control.Methods:In the study, participants were divided into two groups, one completed the task with music which could induce positive emotion named as positive emotion group, and the other done task without music named as non-music group.Then the reaction time(RTs) and accuracy in AX-CPT(AX-continuous performance test) task and AX-CPT modification task in the two groups were analyzed through repeated measurement variance using SPSS 18.0.Results:In AX-CPT task, RTs results showed that the main effect of time interval was significant ( F(1, 58)=98.68, P<0.001, η2=0.63). The RTs of participants with 3 000 ms was longer than that with 1 000 ms, and the main effect between groups was edge significant ( F(1, 58)=3.79, P=0.05, η2=0.06). The RTs of positive music group was longer than non-music group; and the interaction between time interval and music potency was significant ( F(1, 58)=9.69, P<0.01, η2=0.01). In BX, the interaction between time interval and music potency was also significant( F(1, 58)=12.11, P<0.01, η2=0.17). When the time interval was 3 000 ms, RTs in the positive music group increased than that in non-music group in BX under AX-CPT task( F(1, 58)=5.09, P<0.05). When the time interval was 1 000 ms, there was no significant difference in RTs between the two groups( F(1, 58)=0.01, P=0.97). However, RTs in the positive music group decreased in AY in AX-CPT modification task than that in non-music group( F(1, 53)=4.12, P<0.05). Conclusion:The interference of cue stimulation decreased in positive emotion induced by music and decreased proactive control, but not stable.Always, it is influenced by metal fatigue and task experience.

Voluntary control of saccadic eye movements is a kind of saccades controlled by conscious and always used to investigate the brain areas related to saccades and ability of response inhibition and work memory.Researching the neural mechanisms of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements could provide a basis to study the advanced cognitive function of brain and facilitate to explore basic neural mechanisms of abnormal saccadic in brain disorders.As neuroimaging technologies develops,intensive studies about the neural mechanisms of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements have been made great progress.It is showed that several brain areas such as prefrontal cortex,subcortical areas and parietal cortex mainly in participate.These multiple brain regions are involved in voluntary control of saccadic eye movements at different stages.Antisaccades and memory-guided saccades including different brain regions because of their different characteristics of saccadic.The future direction of the research is to combine study with neural imaging technology,and to study more about the brain regions and their functional connectivity involved in voluntary control of saccadic eye movements.