Objective To measure and analyze the radioactivity level of 210Pb in outdoor air in Beijing in spring.Methods Portable high flow air samplers were used to collect outdoor air at the ground level to analyze the 210Pb radioactivity in the aerosol filter samples using a laboratory-based high purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometer.Results The activity concentration of 210Pb outdoors ranged from 267.2 to 1 697.6 μBq/m3,with an average of (878.7 ± 386.7) μBq/m3.Statistical analysis showed that the activity concentrations 210Pb of outdoors varied with variable air quality.Conclusions The activity concentrations of 210Pb outdoors are detectable in Beijing,varying considerably but within the normal range.

Objective To assess the accuracy and precision of γ-spectrometry analysis, and to obtain accurate and valid measurement results in the middle term and long term. Methods A nationwide intercomparison on gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil and building material was organized by National Institute for Radiological Protection( NIRP) , China CDC. Results 15 laboratories participated in this intercomparison, with 13 laboratories produced acceptable results. Only 2 laboratories were classified as " not acceptable" , including one for inappropriate accuracy in determination of 40K and another for inappropriate precision determination of 226Ra in both kinds of the samples. Through comment and discussion, the second round intercomparison got satisfactory results. Conclusions The overall measurement results of samples for intercomparison are in close agreement with the reference values. Most of the laboratories involved in the intercomparison have good ability in γ-spectrometry analysis.

Background The accurate calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power is essential for attaining the desired refractive outcome after cataract surgery,especially for patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma.Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of IOL Master compared with contact A-scan in cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,then compare the accuracy of different IOL power calculation formulas.Methods This was a prospective case control clinical research.Fourty-one eyes with age-related cataract of 28 patients underwent phacoemulsification with monofocal foldable IOL implantation in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were involved,who were all high myopia with posterior scleral staphyloma.Preoperative measurement was measured with IOL Master as well as with contact A-scan and manual keratometry.IOL power was calculated according to the SRK-Ⅱ,SRK-T,Haigis,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1 formulas.The refractive outcome was followed-up 3 months after operation.Results The difference was significant between the 2 methods in axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurement (P =0.005,0.000) ; In corneal curvature measurement,there was no significant difference between them (P =0.398).When mean absolute refractive error (MAE) was divided by ±1.00 D,The SRK/T and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by IOL Master;The Holladay 1,Hoffer Q and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,respectively.Conclusions For cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,SRK/T and Haigis formula were recommended when employing IOL Master; whereas when using contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,we prefer Holladay 1,Hoffer Q or Haigis formula.

Objective To check the teaching effect of whole English presentation for surgery course.Methods Totally 29 eight-year program clinical majors were enrolled in the study.Questionnaire after class was conducted.Relationship between understanding level and English ability of students,abroad experiences,presentation ability or technical title of teachers was analyzed by x-test and nonparametric test.Results It showed that the understanding level of students was higher when being taught by teachers with longer abroad experience or with quality course (P =0.00).Understanding level of students was higher when students had higher English ability (P =0.00).There was no obvious relationships between understanding level and technical title of teachers (P =0.10).Conclusions Teaching effect of whole English presentation is closely correlated with teachers' teaching ability and students' English ability.

Background Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a main cause of visual impairment in many retinal diseases.To create an ideal CNV animal model is very important for the experimental and clinical study of CNV.The assessment method of repeatable and reliable for CNV model is still seldom.Objective This experiment was to explore the label value of fluorescent antibody for visualizing and quantifying the morphologic changes associated with laser-induced CNV.Methods Laser-induced CNV models were created in 30 eyes of 15 male SPF C57BL/6J mice by Krypton red laser irradiating fundus 2 spots around the optical disc with the wavelength 647.1nm,power 260 mW,spot diameter 50μm and exposure time 0.05 seconds.The CNV was evaluated at 5 minutes,4,7,14 and 28 days after laser injury by using fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),and the successful models were identified as the rupture of Bruch's membrane.The mice were then immediately sacrificed and the eyeballs were enucleated to prepare the choroidal flatmounts.The posterior eye cups were fluorescently labeled with markers of cell nuclei (DAPI,4',6'-diamino-2-phenylindole),endothelial cells (isolectin-B4),and filamentous actin (phalloidin).The CNV areas from specimens were measured by Image pro plus 6.0.Two eyes from one matched mouse without receiving photocoagulation were used as the controlls.This study followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results No any CNV was seen in photocoagulated eyes in 5 minutes and 4 days after laser irradiation.The first sign of CNV appeared at 7 days following photocoagulation.The incidence of fluorescein leakage was 76.47% (26/34),81.81% (18/22),50.00% (5/10) at 7,14 and 28 days,respectively.The fluomicroscope examination showed that in unphotocoagulated areas,retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were visualized with a uniform hexagonal array.Immediately after laser exposure,a circular area devoid of fluorescent labeling was observed,indicating disruption of the choroid-Bruch membrane-RPE complex.On the fourth day,cellular debris and fragmented nuclei were presented and an autofluorescent ring was visible at the site of Bruch's membrane disruption.The number of CNV vessels increased exponentially during the next 3 days.At 7 days,a well-defined isolectin-B4 labeled CNV network was exhibited and lasted for 28 days.The CNV areas were (7.99±0.42)×103μm2,(16.89±3.77)×103μm2,(14.37±4.02)×103μm2 at 7,14 and 48 days after photocoagulation respectively,showing a significant difference among these three groups (F=17.340,P=0.000),and the CNV area was significantly increased in the photocoagulating eyes in 14 days and 28 days compared with 7 days (q=16.46,q=15.54,P＜0.01).Conclusion Fluorescent antibody labeling allows the well identification and measurement of laser-induced CNV lesions in mouse choroid/RPE flatmounts.This technique offers excellent morphologic detail and facilitates the study of critical early events in CNV.CNV complexes are labeled at an early stage,providing a more accurate preclinical evaluation of antiangiogenic molecule.

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of autonomic nervous response of armymen with different mentalqualityuse the enhanced emotion regulationstrategies during fear emotion processes.Methods Mental Quality Questionnaire of Armymen was used to select participants from 818 armymen,screening out 30 armymen with low mental quality,30 armymen with moderate and 30 armymen with high.With elicitation of fear emotion,the participants adopted enhance emotion regulation strategies (cognition emphasis and emotion catharsis),and their blood volume pulse( BVP),skin conductance( SC ),normalized high frequency spectral component(HFnorm),standard deviation of all normal intervals(SDNN) and the recovery time of BVP and SC were recorded.Results ( 1 ) The different mental quality of army men activity in the autonomic physiological changes were not significant differences in resting state.(2) When using the cognition emphasis,the SC of different mental quality of armymen were reduced,and low mental quality of armymen( ( -0.67 ± 1.05 )μ.Ω),moderate mental quality of armymen ( ( - 0.49 ± 0.75 ) μΩ) had larger SC than high mental quality of armymen ( ( - 2.16 ± 2.18 ) μΩ ) ;high mental quality of armymen( ( - 2.17 ± 8.96) nU ) had lower HFnorm than the control( ( 6.96 ± 7.08 ) nU ).When using emotion catharsis,high mental quality of armymen ( ( 1.95 ± 6.58 ) nU ) had lower HFnorm than the control( (6.96 ±7.08)nU).(3)When using the cognition emphasis,low mental quality of armymen ((65.50 ±43.43 )s) had longer recovery time of BVP than high mental quality of armymen( (26.50 ± 25.72)s).When using emotion catharsis,low mental quality of armymen( (71.50 ± 48.36)mm Hg)had longer recovery time of BVP than high mental quality of armymen ( ( 21.00 ± 35.50 ) mm Hg) ; low mental quality of armymen ( ( 103.50 ± 38.01 ) s)had longer SC than moderate( (63.50 ±48.59)s) and high mental quality of armymen( (61.50 ±33.09) s).Conclusion The ability to regulate sympathetic in low mental quality group is weaker than the high mental quality group,although sympathetic can be suppressed when enhanced emotion regulation are adopted.

Objective To measure the current environmental radioactivity levels in some districts of Yunnan Province,and to estimate the external doses to local residents.Methods The surface soil,aerosol and water samples were collected and analyzed by HPGe gamma spectrometry.Based on the estimation model selected by Ministry of Health in the nationwide soil survey,the doses to local residents from 238U,226Ra,232Th,40K and 137Cs in environmental samples were estimated.CARI-6 software issued by FAA (Federal Aviation Administration ) was used to estimate cosmic radiation dose to the local population.Results The external annual dose rate to the local people was 1.13 mSv per year,of which 0.52 mSv per year was contributed by natural radionuclides in soil,0.6 μ Sv per year by 137 Cs in soil and 0.61 mSv per year by cosmic radiation.Conclusions The cosmic radiation and natural radionuclides in soil might contribute 99.95％ of external exposure dose,while artificial radionuclide 137Cs contribute 0.05％ of external exposure dose.

Objective To test a full range of processes of sample collection,preparation,measurement and analysis by conducting the intercomparison of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement and analysis of radionuclides among key laboratories,so as to facilitate the development of gamma-ray spectrometry measurement and analysis technology.Methods To complete the collection and preparation of soil samples by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory and to measure and analyze the content in two soil samples of 214Pb,214Bi,208TI,228Ac,40K and 137Cs by three laboratories using gamma-ray spectrometry.Results The value calculated by any two laboratories were less than 1 in terms of assessment standards agreed by these three laboratories and based on the activity concentrations and the total uncertainty reported from them.The measurement results from our lab were acceptable.Conclusions Measurement results from these three laboratories are in agreement to some extent.This intercomparison activity has tested the analytical ability of the three laboratories and raised the level of our laboratory in testing homogeneity of sample preparation.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of adaptive group psychological training on mental quality and emotion of soldiers.MethodsA total of 48 soldiers ( experiment group) received group psychological training and read a textbook,Mental Quality Training for soldiers,for 3 months,and the other 45 soldiers served as control group.Armyman mental quality inventory (AMQI),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI) were employed to evaluate the mental quality and emotion of soldiers before and after training.All data were analyzed by paired-sample t test.Results ①As compared with pre-training,the AMQI scores of training group increased significantly in bravery ( 71.50 ± 9.59 ),self-confidence ( 68.24 ± 8.36 ),aptitude ( 74.54 ± 10.81 ),loyalty(75.29 ± 8.08 ) and general score ( 359.07 ± 20.30 ) (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; and no significant difference were found in those of control group(P ＞ 0.05 ).②When compared with pre-training,the scores of SDS (39.00 ±8.38),SAI(40.14 ±9.92),TAI(41.16 ±7.47) and STAI(81.30 ± 12.52) of training group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.01 ) ; and no significant difference was found in those of control group(P ＞0.05 ).ConclusionGroup psychological training can improve mental quality of soldiers,which is helpful to relax anxiety and depression of soldiers.

Objective To determine the activity concentration of radionuclides for 137Cs and 40K in edible wild mushrooms,and to evaluate the extent of radioactive contamination and ingestion doses to adults from consumption of these wild mushrooms.Methods A total of 33 samples for 18 edible wild mushroom species were collected from natural forest Mangshi,Yunnan province.The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 40K were analyzed by using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry.Results Except.for one sample that was below the MDA,137Cs artificial radionuclides were detected in other 32 samples,with activity concentration of 137Cs in the range of 0.45-339.58 Bq/kg (dry weight) and an average of 25.47 Bq/kg (dry weight).In regards to 40K in edible mushrooms,all species presented the activity concentrations for this radionuclide and the levels varied from 453.4 to 1 882.6 Bq/kg (dry weight),with an average of 815.1 Bq/kg (dry weight).After species of mushroom with only one sample were eliminated,there was significant difference for 137Cs(F =21.13,P ＜ 0.05) among 6 species of mushroom named Gomphus floccosus (Schw.) Sing.,Boletus edulis bull,Boletus edulis bull,Tylopllus bolloul (Peck) Sing.,Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.and Boletus brunneissimus W.F.Chin,but without significant difference for 40K.Conclusions These 6 different mushroom species have different capacity to retain radionuclides of 137Cs in soil.These wild mushrooms,such as Gomphus floccosus (Schw.) Sing.and Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.have large affinity ability for radionuclides137Cs.The effective dose to adults attributable to consuming these kinds of mushrooms is small and below the level that could cause harm.