Objective:Observe the effects of fastigial nucleus stimulation(FNS) on spatial memory and learning ability of the A?1-40 induced Alzheimer rat model,by detecting GFAP expression of hippocampus area. Methods:A?1-40 was microinjected into the right hippocampus of rats. Cerebella dentate nucleus and fastigial nucleus were stimulated separately before the model was made in interference group. The spatial memory and learning ability of the rat was evaluated by the Morris water maze procedure at the 28th days after injection. The expression of GFAP in astrocyte cell was determined with immunohistochemistry method.Results:The AD rats received FNS showed significant shorter escape latency than the group without FNS(P

Objective:To establish rat models with Alzheimer's disease(AD)induced by ?-Amyloid1-40,and to observe the effects of Fastigial nucleus stimulation(FNS)on spatial memory and learning ability and the expression of bcl-2 and Bax of hippocampus area in the rats.Methods:A?1-40 was microinjected into CA1 subfield in the right hippocampus of rats.Cerebellar dentate nucleus and fastigial nucleus had been stimulated separately before the model was made.The spatial memory and learing ability of the rats were evaluated by the Morris water maze procedure in 28 days after the injection.The expression of bcl-2 and Bax were determined by immunohistochemistry method.Results:The escape latency of the place navigation in the AD group was singnificiantly longer than the sham injection group(P

Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional learning evaluation,this paper is to build a multiple leaning evaluation sys- tem in teaching practice based on theory of multiple intelligence,in which four evaluation modules——paper testing,knowledge application,hardoperation and activity performanc are used to evaluate the students' learning.The application of the evaluation sys- tem helps students to exert their potentials and arouse their learning interest.It is also good for developing their integrative quali- ties and inspiring their innovation.Meanwhile,it helps students to form proper feelings right attitudes and values.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the treatment of anti-diabetics medicines and use of essential medicines in Chinese hospi-tal,and provide evidence for developing medicine policy,preventing and treating diabetes. METHODS:Data about annual con-sumption from 2012 to 2014 were extracted from the IMS CHPA database to analyze the object medicines of the target drugs with top 60% consumption volume of oral anti-diabetics and insulins,and the proportion of consumption volume and consumption amount in insulin,its analogues and three generations of insulin by 2 administration mode in Chinese hospital. RESULTS & CON-CLUSIONS:Acarbose tablet manufactured by Beijing Bayer HealthCare Co.,Ltd. and Metformin tablet manufactured by Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. had occupied the top 2 of volume consumption in Chinese hospitals,totally accounting for 25%-26%. The 60% volume consumption of insulins and its analogues concentrated on one cheap local animal insulin(volume ac-counting for 13%-16% and amount accounting for 1%)and those imported or joint venture-made the second and third generation of insulins and analogues administrated by pen/cartridge. No matter insulins or oral anti-diabetics,the top consumption was listed as National Essential Medicine System,but none was recommended by WHO. Multi-pharmas dominate the Chinese anti-diabetic mar-ket through introducing new combined formulations and new dosage forms. WHO non-listed anti-diabetics have beautiful sales in Chinese hospitals,while traditional cheap medications for the general public grew slowly and with low profits. Chinese hospitals generally consumed more expensive new generations and original research manufacturers of anti-diabetics. As a lower middle in-come country that just established a universal coverage of basic health insurance,China still has a huge population with very limit-ed benefit package. Efficient use of limited health resources is essential for a successful health reform and a sustainable development of the health system in China.

The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has not been fully clarified, it may be closely associated with the great heterogeneity in biology that characterizes this group of diseases. Recent studies have revealed that some changes in molecular biology, including abnormal expression of disease gene, abnormal epigenetics, and abnormalities of hematopoietic stem cells, were closely correlated with the pathogenesis of MDS. This article reviews the newly discovered changes of molecular and biological characteristics associated with the development of MDS. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of early breast cancer patients underwent breast-conserving surgery with postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Methods A retrospective analysis of 128 early breast cancer patients underwent routine breast-conserving surgery was conducted.The clinical effect and cosmetic results were analyzed by the follow-up results of 128 cases.Results (1) The 5-year follow-up rate was 100％,overall survival rate was 95.3％,1-year survival rate was 100％ (128/128) ;3-year survival rate was 98.4％ (126/128) ;5-year survival rate was 95.30％ (122/128).Postoperative follow-up 6 patients died,3 patients died of liver metastases,2 patients died of lung metastases,1 patient died of non-cancerous reasons.The local recurrence rate was 2.34％ (3/128),axillary lymph node recurrence rate was 1.56％ (2/128).The average recurrence time was three years and two months after operation,distant metastasis rate was 3.91％ (5/128).(2) Beauty evaluations of 128 patients with breast-conserving surgery were excellent in 71 cases (55.5％),good in 55 cases (43.0％),and poor'in 2 cases (1.6％).Good,acceptable as acceptance criteria,the acceptance rate was 98％.Conclusion Breast-conserving surgery is not only to a certain extent to solve the pursuit of female beauty,but also improve their quality of life.But only the complete elimination of residual lesions in order to truly ensure that no recurrence of tumor.Therefore,the appropilate survival rate of patients for radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be extended so that the patient's breast to maintain a good shape.Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to the modified radical surgery,and popularization in the hospital.

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of ginseng polysaccharides injective solu-tion on invasive ability of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.Methods Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of ginseng polysaccharides injections(12.5μL/mL,25μL/mL,50μL/mL or 100μL/mL),and phosphate buffer saline was served as control.The invasive ability,transfer ability and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 ( MMP-2 ) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 ( MMP-9 ) were determined via transwell matrigel invasive test,scratch test and Western Blot,respectively.Results Ginseng pol-ysaccharide injection on invasive ability and transfer ability in vitro of MCF-7 cell had significant role in inhibi-ting effect,and showed dose and time dependent.After ginseng polysaccharides injection treatment,the MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression significantly reduced,and showed dose and time dependent manner.Conclusion Ginseng polysaccharides injection is able to inhibit the invasion and transfer in MCF -7 cells.Moreover,theregulation of MMP -2 and MMP -9 expression may be involved in this effect.

Alzheimers disease(AD) is one of dementia diseases in the world. There are two main pathological hallmarkers in AD patients, one is ?-amyloid peptide, the other is neurofibrillary tangles. This paper reviews researches on targets for drug discovery for Alzheimers disease that had been supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China in recent ten years.

Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets and determine the contents of geniposide,andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide.Methods:The analysis was performed on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 225 nm,and the column temperature was 40℃.Totally 13 batches of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets from different manufacturers were analyzed to establish the fingerprint of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets.Results:There were 14 common peaks calibrated,and the HPLC fingerprint common pattern was established for the HPLC fingerprint of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets.Using the method of reference substance attribution,3 compounds were determined as geniposide,andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide.The similarity of 9 batches in the 13 batches of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets was higher than 0.9.The content determination of geniposide,andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide showed good linearity (r>0.999 8,n=6),the average recovery was 96.90%,97.55% and 97.07% and RSDs were 1.61%,1.45% and 1.47%(n=9),respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate with good repeatability,which can be used for the identification and evaluation of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets,and provides important scientific basis for the quality control of Qinghuo Zhimai tablets.

It is found that Virtual experiment(VE)can not only improve the experimental condition,enrich the experimental content,but also help to foster the innovation ability of the students. To bring the teaching contribution of VE into full play,it is important to note that VE should be combined with actual experiment and be introduced step by step. Meanwhile,the teach-ing staff should also acquire more learning and further technical skills.