Vascular endothelial growth factor can induce angiogenesis in vivo.Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway widespreads in cells,which plays important roles in cell growth,proliferation,differentiation,and angiogenesis.The phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway can activate vascular endothelial growth factor,such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1,insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,nitric oxide synthaseand cyclooxygenase-2.The present studies have shown that the vascular endothelial growth factor and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway play an important role in the retinopathy of prematurity.

0.05). But the Wuling Sang could obviously decrease serum TG content than Simvastatin(P0.05). The adverse drug reactions were stomach discomfort(4 patiens in SWS) group, 5.71%), abdominal discomfort(2 patiens in Simvastatin group, 4.55% ) and sleeplessness(5 patiens in Simvastatin group, 11.4%) . CONCLUSION: The results show the TCM drug SWS is effective and softy on treating the patients with primary hyperlipemia.

Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) is a significant clinical problem and has long been recognized by cardiac surgeons. The studies of the pathogenesis and protection strategies of CPB induced lung injury have been the focus in the field of cardiac surgery. This review presents the recent progress of the pathogenesis and protection strategies of lung injury following CPB.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most important complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the complex pathophysiology remains to be resolved incomplete. At present, there is no specific and uniform criterion about the diagnosis of ALI following CPB. The changes of physiology and biochemistry in the lung can indicate the development of the ALI, and give proof of the early diagnosis of ALI following CPB.

Nosocomial infection is a serious problem in the diagnosis, treatment and management of neonatal disease. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is high risk place for nosocomial infections whose clinical features vary with age, nation and region. The improvemnts in hand hygiene measures and antibiotic stewardship and control of the risk are recommended to effectively prevent nosocomial infections in NICU and to improve the healthcare service in neonates.

Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) can induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).This review elaborated the influences of SIRS in acute lung injury after CPB.

Beta blocker can be categorized by non-selective agents,selective agents and agents with vasodilatory effect.Beta blocker therapy represents a major advance in the treatment of heart failure patients.The mechanisms include up-regulation of beta receptor,reversing remodeling,improving contractile and diastolic function,antiarrhythmia and anti-ischemia.Evidences from randomized controlled clinical trials have supported its use in the treatment of patients with heart failure to decrease mortality and improve life quality.Guidelines with various versions recommend that ?-blockers are indicated for patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic heart failure and a depressed ejection fraction of lower than 40%.There is something to be noticed for rational use of ?-blockers such as timing,dosage,duration and contraindications.

Since Gibbon designed the first heart lung bypass machine in cats in 1937, Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has improved a great deal and has developed tremendously. But there are still many complications including hematologic, renal, cardiac, neurologic, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with this brilliant technique. Research of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of CPB has progressed with the aid of a number of investigative techniques and models, both animal and human. Large animal models have been, and remain, extremely valuable for the study of "full-scale" technologies, particularly prior to clinical application. However, the expenses are too large, and the managements of animals are too difficult in the perioprative period. A preclinical model of CPB for small animals is desirable. The main advantage of a rat model is the low costs of animals and equipment, and the convenience of research which does not require a full-scale operating environment, and a large availability of assays. It is very suitable to study the fluid dynamic, inflammatory, and organ system responses in which physiological mechanisms rather than the technology itself are the focus for investigation. Some of these researches has been done, therefore, in a truly clinically relevant model of bypass, one in which the surface area and priming volume of the circuitry, together with the surgical approach to the procedure, are matched with the clinical model, has not been achieved yet. We review the different models of CPB for rats, discuss their characteristics, give suggestions and requirements for a new up-to-date model that could be a useful tool in continued research on the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies of CPB.

Procalcitonin (PCT) detection is a diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of bacterial or non-bacterial infections complicated by a systemic inflammatory response. Recent research in the cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)suggests PCT level reflect the systemic inflammation following CPB. Measurement of PCT may help to identify the patients with high-risk who may be benefited from specific treatment administered and intensified monitoring provided, so as to reduce the surgical complications.